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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Walthamstow 1936

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Walthamstow]

Published
1937
Pages
150
Tables
124

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124 tables in this report

  • Page 8
    The following data refer to the whole Exchange area.
    Date.No. remaining on Register.Total 1936.Total 1935.Amount of benefit paid during month.
    Men.W omen.
  • Page 8
    Mr. Dempsey states that the following were the registrations at the Juvenile Employment Bureau:—
  • Page 11
    England and Wales, London, 122 Great Towns and 143 Smaller Towns (Provisional figures based on Weekly and Quarterly Returns.)
    England and Wales.122 County Boroughs and Great Towns (including London).143 Smaller Towns (Resident Populations 25,000 to 50,000 at 1931 Census).London Administrative County.Walthamstow.
  • Page 12
    Whole District.
    Causes of death.Males.Females.Total.Total 1935.
  • Page 17
    The following operations were performed by Miss Basden at the South London Hospital for Women on patients referred from the Clinic:—
    Diagnosis.No.Operation.
  • Page 17
    Mr. Pegram, the Clerk to the Committee, has kindly supplied the following particulars of Walthamstow residents admitted to the various institutions during the year ended 31st December, 1936:—
    Institutions.Men.Women.Children.Total.
  • Page 18
    "The following figures show the progress of the Hospital during 1936, as compared with the previous year:—
    In-Patients.Out-Patients.
    No. Admitted.Ave'age Stay.Daily Average.New Cases.Attendances.
  • Page 19
    Mr. Pegram, Clerk to the Essex County Council South-Western Area Guardian's Committee, kindly states that the amount of relief provided in Walthamstow during the two years ended 31st December, 1936, was as follows:—
    1936.1935.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 23
    (iii) SANITARY INSPECTION OF THE AREA. Mr. M. E. Duncan, Chief Sanitary Inspector, reports as follows:—
    No. of inspections made.No. of nuisances detected.No. of complaints received.No. of Informal Notices.No. of Statutory Notices served.Total visits.
    Served.Complied with.
  • Page 24
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 24
    Infectious Disease.
  • Page 24
    Dampness in Houses.
  • Page 25
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 25
    Special Premises
    Number.Visits paid.
  • Page 35
    (Period 1 st January to 31 st December , 1936.)
  • Page 42
    The samples taken are summarised below.
    Grade of Milk.No. of Samples.
  • Page 46
    Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Occupiers Prosecuted.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 47
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    ParticularsNumber of Defects.Number of offences in respect to which Prosecutions were instituted.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 47
    NUMBER AND TRADES OF OUTWORKERS NOTIFIED DURING 1936.
  • Page 48
    Outworkers were notified from the following areas:—
  • Page 48
    General.—The accompanying tables show the age and ward incidence of the various infectious diseases which are discussed separately in later pages of the Report:—
    Disease.All ages.Under 1 yr.1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65& over.
  • Page 49
    Continued from previous page...
    Disease.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.Totals
  • Page 49
    The Registrar-General gives the statistics for the 53 weeks ended 2nd January, 1937, and these are given in the following table together with the case rates per 1 ,000 population both for England and Wales and for Walthamstow:—
    Disease.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Enteric Fever.Pneumonia.Puerperal Ferer.Puerperal Pyrexia.Erysipelas.
  • Page 49
    The rates for Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia are better expressed in relation to the number of births (i.e., live and stillbirths) registered than to population. When calculated on this basis the rates are:—
    Puerperal Fever.Puerperal Pyrexia.
  • Page 50
    Continued from previous page...
    Disease.Total notified.Removed to Hospital.Per cent. removed to Hospital.Deaths.Deaths per cent. of cases notified.
  • Page 54
    The following numbers of diphtheria swabs were examined during 1936:—
    SwabsNegativePositiveTotals
  • Page 55
    Mr. E. Sharp, Vaccination Officer for the Area, has furnished the following return for 1936
    Births Registered.Successfully Vaccinated.Percentage Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Exemptions.Deaths before Vaccinated.Postponed
  • Page 56
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.All ages.Under 1 yr.1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65 & over.
  • Page 56
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 57
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.All ages.Under 1 yr1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65 & over.
  • Page 57
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.St. James' Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 58
    The table below shows the number of immune (i .e ., Schick negative and protected) persons each year, diphtheria notifications, attack rates and mortality:—
    Year.Number immunised +Schick neg.Notified Cases.Attack rate per 1,000 population.Deaths.Percentage of deaths to notifications.
  • Page 59
    The following table gives particulars:—
    No.Ward.Age.Date of NotificationDiagnosis.Where Treated.Result.
  • Page 59
    Five cases of Bacillary Dysentery were notified. Cases 3 to 5 (below) occurred in one family and were very mild. The parents declined removal to hospital.
    No.Ward.Age.Date of notification.Where treated.Result.
  • Page 60
    The tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards. Most of the cases removed to Hospital received treatment at Whipps Cross Hospital:—
    Month.All ages.Under 1 yr.1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65 & over.
  • Page 60
    The tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards. Most of the cases removed to Hospital received treatment at Whipps Cross Hospital:—
    Month.St. James' Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 61
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.All ages.Under 1 yr.1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65 & over.
  • Page 61
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 62
    Three cases were notified, two being later withdrawn.
    No.Ward.Age.Date of Notification .By whom Notified.Result.
  • Page 62
    Five cases were notified
    No.Ward.Age.Date of Notification.By whom Notified.Result.
  • Page 63
    The year 1936 was an epidemic year, the number of notifications being shown below. In addition, there were 1,656 cases of Measles reported by Head Teachers, and mainly in school children fo 5-14 years.
    Month.Total.Under 1yr.1-5 yrs.St. James' Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 63
    The following shows the cases reported during March, 1936, by doctors and Head Teachers (there is probably some overlapping in respect of cases under five years of age attending school):—
    Doctors (Cases 0-5 years)Head Teachers (cases 5-14 years)
  • Page 64
    In order to focus attention on the death rate from Measles a table has been prepared showing the death rate per 1 ,000 live births every year between 1901 and 1936, and a five-yearly average is shown:—
    Year.Population.Registered Live Births.Deaths from Measles.Rate per 1,000 Registered Live Births.5-yearly Average.
  • Page 66
    Continued from previous page...
    Age Periods.New Cases.Deaths.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 66
    The returns for the past two years are compared below:—
    Year.New Cases.Total.Deaths.Total.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
  • Page 66
    The periods elapsing between notification and death, and the number of cases not notified were as follows:—
    Under 3 months.3 to 6 months.6 to 9 months.9 to 12 months.Over 12 months.Not Notified.Notified after death.
    Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.
  • Page 67
    The table given below shows the number of cases on the Register at the beginning and end of 1936:—
    Pulmonary.Total.Non-Pulmonary.Total.Grand Total.
  • Page 67
    Five hundred and fifty-five removals from the Register were made up as follows:—
    Deaths.Removals.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    M .F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 68
    Treatment is given under the Essex County Council's Scheme. The admissions to Hospital during 1936 were:—
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Total.
  • Page 69
    During the year the County Council continued the amount of the grant payable by them in respect of infectious disease beds. The grant was made up as follows:—
  • Page 70
    Financial Statement.—A financial statement for the year ended 31st March, 1936, is given below:—
    Loan Charges.£s.d.
  • Page 70
    The following table shows the admissions, discharges and deaths during 1936 :—
    Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Other Diseases.Tuberculosis.Totals.
  • Page 71
    AGE AND SEX OF PATIENTS ADMITTED DURING 1936.
    Disease.Under 5 years.5-10 years.10-15 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
  • Page 72
    MONTHLY ADMISSIONS OF DIPHTHERIA CASES.
    Month.Under 5 years.5 to 10 years.10 to 16 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
  • Page 73
    MONTHLY ADMISSIONS OF SCARLET FEVER CASES.
    Month.Under 5 years.5 to 10 years.10 to 15 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
  • Page 74
    Number of Outside Authorities' Cases and Nature.—
    DiphtheriaScarlet Fever.Total
  • Page 75
    The County Medical Officer has kindly furnished the following return of patients treated in the Tuberculosis Pavilion during 1936:—
    Classification in accordance with Ministry of Health Memorandum 37.T. (Rev.).In Hospital on 1st January, 1936.Admitted during year.Discharged during year.Died during year.In Hospital on 31st December, 1936.
  • Page 81
    The Registrar-General's returns show the following registrations during the calendar year:—
    (a) Live Births.Males.Females.Totals.
  • Page 82
    The local registrations for 1936 were 38 more than in 1935
    Births Registered Locally, 1936.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.Totals.Grand Total.
    m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m .f.m .f.
  • Page 83
    The deaths of infants under one year of age were:—
    Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 83
    Infant Deaths, Neo-Natal Mortality and Stillbirths.
    Year.Live Births.Birth Bate.Stillbirths.Neo-Natal Deaths.Infant Deaths.
    No.Per 1,000 live ■ births.Per 1,000 population.No.Per 1,000 live births.No.Per 1,000 live births.
  • Page 84
    SUMMARY, 1936. Causes of Death of Children under 1 year of age.
    Cause of Death.Under 1 Week1-2 Weeks2-3 Weeks3-4 WeeksTotal under 4 Weeks4 Weeks and under 3 Months3 Months and under 6 Months6 Months and under 9 Months9 Months and under 12 MonthsTotal Deaths under One Year.Wards.
    | St. James StreetHigh StreetHoe StreetWood StreetHale Endj Higham Hill
  • Page 85
    MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE CLINICS.
  • Page 86
    The detailed findings at first visits paid during 1936 are given in the following table:—
    Ward.How Fed.Sleeping Accommodation.Condition of Baby.Accommodation.
    Breast.Breast and HandHand.With Mother.Cot or Cradle.Good.Fair.Bad.Whole House.Flat.Half-house.3 Rooms.2 Rooms.1 Room.
  • Page 87
    The following table shows the number and nature of visits paid in Wards during 1936:—
    Ward.Visits to Children under 1 year.. Visits to Children 1-5 years.Grand Total.Unsuccessful Visits.Visits to Nurse Children.Visits re Milk Scheme.Ante-Natal Visits.Other Visits.Total Visits.
    First.Re-visits.Total.First Visit.Subsequent Visits.Total Visits.
    12345678——910Cols. 5-10.
  • Page 88
    Summary of Attendances at Ante- and Post-Natal Clinics.
    New Patients:—Ante-NatalPost-Natal
  • Page 89
    Summary of Attendances at Welfare Clinics.
    Centre.First Attendances of New Cases.Re - attendances.Grand Total.
    Under 1 yr. of age.1-5 yrs. of age.Total.Under 1 yr. of age.1-5 yrs. of age.Total.
  • Page 90
    Sale of Milk, etc., at Clinics.—The quantity and value of milk and food sold and issued free during 1936 was as follows:—
    Sales.Value.FreeIssue.
    lbs.ozs.£s.d.lbs.ozs.
  • Page 91
    (b) Dental. —The following work was done by the Education Committee's Dental Surgeons in respect of Maternity and Child Welfare patients:—
    193419351936
    Mothers.Children under 6.Mothers.Children under 5.Mothers.Children under 6.
  • Page 94
    Clinics.
    First Attendances of New Cases.Re - atten dances.Grand Total.
    Under 1 yr.1—5 yrs.Total.Under 1 yr-1-5 yrs.Total.
  • Page 94
    Special Treatment, Etc.
    Attendances at Lectures.Massage Treatments.Sunlight Treatments.Total eases admitted to Observation Ward.Local Authority's cases admitted to Observation Ward.
  • Page 95
    Home Visits.
    Visits to Children under 1 year.Visits to Children 1-5 years.Grand Total.
    First.Subsequent.Total.
  • Page 95
    Attendances at Clinics.
    First Attendances.Re-attendances.Grand Total.
    Under 1 year of age.1-5 years of age.Total.Under 1 year of age.1-5 years of age.Total.
  • Page 95
    Home Visits.
    To Children under 1 year of age.To Children 1-5 years of age.Total.
    First.Subsequent.Total.
  • Page 97
    Of the 6,497 applications, approximately 40 per cent. were from families where the father was unemployed.
    ScaleAmountApproximate cost to Authority
    £s.d.
  • Page 97
    The following is a summary of the applications for milk for the past four years :—
    Milk.Dried Milk.Unemployed.0/ /o Unemployed.Average per week.
    Milk.Dried Milk.
  • Page 99
    The Superintendent reports that during the period 1st January to 31st August, 1936, the visits specified below were paid by the nursing staff:—
    Nature of DiseaseNo. Cases.No. Visits.
  • Page 100
    The numbers of midwifery and maternity patients stated to have been attended during the calendar year 1936 were as follows:—-
    Residents.Non-Residents (in-patients only)
    Intern.Extern.
  • Page 100
    The table below gives particulars in respect of each case:—
  • Page 103
    Walthamstow rates are set out in comparison:—
    Per 1000 live and still births.
    AreaPuerperal Fever.Puerperal Pyrexia.Total.
  • Page 104
    Per 1000 Total Births (live and still).
    Puerperal FeverPuerperal PyrexiaTotal
    Year.No.RateNo.RateNo.Rate
  • Page 105
    PUERPERAL FEVER AND PYREXIA INCIDENCE, 1936 (Excluding Maternity Home).
    No. of Case.Fever or Pyrexia.Date of Notification.Date Notification Received.Age.Ward.Facilities requisitioned as per notification.Date of Birth or Miscarriage.Onset of Pyrexia.Date removed to Hospital.Remarks.
  • Page 106
    The number of cases notified during the last two years were:—
    Year.Totals.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 106
    The following table shows the maternal mortality rates for 1936 (calculated on three deaths):—
    Births Registered.Deaths of Women due to Pregnancy and Child-Bearing.
    WALTHAMSTOW.England and Wales.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Rates per 1,000 Births registered.Rates per 1,000 Births registered.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.
  • Page 107
    DEATHS DUE TO PREGNANCY AND CHILDBEARING AND ASSOCIATED THEREWITH.
    Case No.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death, and Classification.Age.Ward.Circumstances.Pregnancy.Ante-Natal Care.Physical Condition.Date of Confinement or Abortion.Doctor called.Admission to Hospital.
    Prev.Duration ofDoctor.Midwife.
  • Page 108
    The normal expectation is that these three rates should have some correlation:—
    Kate (per 1,000 live births).1936.1935.1934.1933.1932.
  • Page 108
    The maternal mortality rates for the past five years have been as follows:—
    Year.Total Births Registered.Deaths.Bates per 1,000 Births.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.
  • Page 109
    following table sets out the position since the Home was opened:—
    Year.Deliveries.Live Births.Maternal Deaths.Cause.
  • Page 111
    Average cost per patient per week (in shillings)—
    Salaries:—s.d.
  • Page 112
    Ante-Natal Supervision.
    Number of Ante-Natal Clinics held :—
    1936.1935.1934
  • Page 113
    Continued from previous page...
    1936.1935.1934.
  • Page 114
    (i) Presentations during Labour.
    Priraiparae.Multiparae.Total No. of Cases.
  • Page 114
    (ii) Complications.
  • Page 115
    For complications during labour:—
  • Page 115
    For complications in regard to the infant:—
  • Page 116
    It is of interest to note that in some cases a marked increase in weight due to an occult oedema may be the earliest sign of pregnancy toxaemia.
    Booked.Unbooked.Total.
  • Page -
    Booked Cases.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of patient.Past History.Onset of Symptoms.Headaches.Eye Symptoms.Oedema.Albumin.Maximum Blood Pressure.Blood Urea.No. of days in Home before labour or discharge.Maturity of child when delivered.Type of Delivery.Result.
    M.C.
  • Page -
    Unbooked Cases.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of patient.Past History.Onset of Symptoms.Headaches.Eye Symptoms.Oedema.Albumin.Maximum Blood Pressure.Blood Urea.No. of days in Home before labour or discharge.Maturity of child when delivered.Type of Delivery.Result.
    M.C.
  • Page 117
    Number of patients followed up (56 per cent, of total treated):—
    Primiparae.Multiparae.All Cases.
  • Page 117
    ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRH AGE.
    Number of cases:—Booked.Unbooked.
  • Page 117
    ACCIDENTAL ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.
    Reg. No.Case No.Age of Patient.Gravida.Maturity.Condition on Admission.Treatment.Result.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 118
    PLACENTA PRAEVIA.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of Patient.Maturity.Condition on Admission.Treatment.Result.Variety.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 118
    TREATMENT AND RESULT OF PERSISTENT POSTERIOR POSITION OF THE VERTEX.
    Method of Delivery.Number of Cases.All Cases.Results.
    Primiparae.Multiparae.Mother.Child.
    Spontaneous delivery Face to pubes538L.L.S.B.I. D.
  • Page 119
    PERSISTENT POSTERIOR POSITION OF VERTEX.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of Patient.Method of Treatment.Duration of Labour.Result.
    1st stage.2nd stage.3rd stage.Weight Infant.
    M.C.
  • Page 120
    Uncomplicated:—
    Primiparae.Multiparae.Total.
  • Page 121
    PRIMARY BREECH PRESENTATIONS.
    Beg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of Patient.Maturity.Arms.Legs.Method of Delivery.Weight of Infant.Result.
    M.C.
  • Page 122
    COMPLICATED BREECH DELIVERY.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of Patient.Maturity.Complication.Method of Delivery.Weight of Infant.Result.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 123
    Analysis of Forceps Cases.
    Number of Cases.
    Primiparae,Multiparae. Allcases
  • Page 124
    Two of the cases were complicated by albuminuria and hyperpiesis during pregnancy.
    Reg. No.Case No.Age of Patient.Gravida.Maturity.Presentation and Position.Sex.Weight.Type.Result.
    1st.2nd.1st.2nd.1st.2nd.Mother.Infants.
  • Page 124
    CAESAREAN SECTION.
    Reg. No.Age of Patient.Gravida.Indication.Duration of Labour.Weight of Infant.Result.Remarks.
    1st stage.2nd stage.3rd stage.Mother.Child.
  • Page -
    FORCEPS DELIVERY.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age of Patient.Indication.Duration of LabourWeight of Infant.Result. M. C.
    1st stage.2nd stage.3rd stage.
  • Page 125
    CONTRACTED PELVIS. (Including relative disproportion between the pelvis and the foetal head.) Number of Cases 12 Number of Stillbirths and Infant Deaths 1 Foetal Mortality 8.3% Maternal Mortality Nil
    Reg No.Case No.Gravida.Age of Patient.Method of Delivery.Duration of Labour.Weight of infentResult M.C.
    1st Stage2nd Stage3rd Stage
  • Page 126
    There were 12 cases of post-partum haemorrhage.
    No. of Cases.
    Primiparae.Multiparae.All Cases.
  • Page 127
    POST -PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.
    Reg. No.Case No.Age of Patient.Gravida.Method of Delivery.Length of 3rd stage, h. m.Predisposing Cause.Treatment.Result. M. C.Pyrexia.
  • Page 128
    Analysis of cases :—
    Number of cases notified,
    Primiparae.Multiparae.All Cases,%of Cases
  • Page 129
    PUERPERAL PYREXIA.
    No.Case No.Gravida.Age.Ante-Natal Conditions.Type of Labour.Method of Delivery.Onset of Pyrexia.Duration of Pyrexia.Cause.
  • Page 130
    PUERPERAL PYREXIA.
    Reg. No.Case No.Gravida.Age.Ante-Natal Conditions.Type of Labour.Method of Delivery.Onset of Pyrexia.Duration of Pyrexia.Cause.
  • Page 131
    Perineal suture was performed 284 times.
  • Page 131
    INFANTS.
    Number of infants bornPrimiparae.Multiparae.All cases.
    Totalper cent.Totalper cent.Totalper cent.
  • Page 132
    Causes of Stillbirths.
    Recent.Macerated.
  • Page 132
    With associated complications of pregnancy.
  • Page 133
    Full term (15 Cases). INFANTS—STILLBIRTHS.
    Case No.Reg. No.First or later Pregnancy.Maternal Complications.Method of Delivery.Sex.Infant Birth Weight.Recent or Macerated.Cause of Death.Post-mortem Examination.
    lbs. ozs.
  • Page 134
    INFANTS—STILLBIRTHS. Premature (7 Cases).
    Case No.Reg. No.First or later Pregnancy.Maturity.Maternal Complications.Method of Delivery.Sex.Infant Birth Weight.Recent or Macerated.Cause of Death.Post-Mortem Examination.
    weekslb.oz.
  • Page 135
    INFANT DEATHS.
    Case No.Reg. No.First or later Pregnancy.Maturity.Maternal Complications.Method of Delivery.Sex.Infant Birth Weight.Duration of Life.Cause of Death.Post-Mortem Examination.
    weekslb.oz.dhm