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London County Council 1910

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1911
Pages
298
Tables
294

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294 tables in this report

  • Page 7
    The population of the City of London and of each metropolitan borough, as constituted by the London Government Act of 1899, estimated to the middle of 1910, is shown in the following table—
    Metropolitan borough.Estimated population (middle of 1910).Metropolitan borough.Estimated population (middle of 1910).
  • Page 8
    Annual Report of the London County Council , 1910.
    Period.Mean of annual birth-rates per 1,000 living.Mean of annual death-rates per 1,000 living.Mean of annual rate of natural increase per 1,000 living.
    London.Greater London. (a)England and Wales.London.Greater London. (a)England and Wales.London.Greater London. (a)England and Wales.
  • Page 8
    It will be seen that even the area of Greater London has lost nearly a quarter of a million of its population by migration during the 10 years; and it is estimated that nearly three-fourths of this loss has occurred in the latter half of the decennium.
    Metropolitan borough.Natural increase ( +) or decrease (—).Actual increase (+ ) or decrease ( —).Gain ( + ) or loss (—) of each area by migration of population.
    Number.Per cent of 1901 population.
  • Page 9
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health . The following table enables comparison to be made of the rates of natural increase of the London population with those of the principal towns of England. It will be observed that in 1910 the rates are below those of the quinquennium in 1905-9 in Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Bradford, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Hull and Leicester:—
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 9
    The factors affecting the rates of natural increase in different localities to which reference has been made, probably tend more to vitiate accurate comparison when the populations concerned are of different nationalities, and this should be borne in mind in connection with the following table ( b ), showing the rate of increase in London and certain foreign towns:—
    Town..1905-9.1910.| Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 9
    Marriages. The number of marriages in the Administrative County of London in 1910, was 39,082 (365 days), giving an annual rate of 17.2 persons married per 1,000 living. The marriage-rate in successive periods has been as follows—
    Period.Marriage-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Marriage-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 10
    Annual Report of the London County Council , 1910.
    Period.Marriages of minors per cent. of total marriages.
    London.England and Wales.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 10
    The birth-rate in successive periods has been as follows:—
    Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 10
    The corresponding figures for England and Wales, which show a similar decline to that noted in London, are as follows:—
    Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 11
    in London. Were births in other towns similarly corrected considerable modification of these rates might result.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 11
    in practice as to the registration and allocation or births occurring in these foreign towns, and the rates shown must, therefore, be regarded as affording only approximate material for comparison.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 11
    The following table shows the birth-rate in the several sanitary districts per 1,000 persons living and per 100 married females aged 15-45 in the period 1905-9 and in the year 1910:—
    Metropolitan borough.Births, 1910 (52 weeks). (a)Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living. (a)Legitimate births per 100 married females aged 15-45.(a)
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 12
    • Annual Report of the London County Council , 1910.
    Metropolitan borough.Births, 1910 (52 weeks). (a)Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living. (a)Legitimate births per 100 married females aged 15-45. (a)
    1905-9. %1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 12
    Under the Notification of Births Act, 1907, the London County Council receives particulars of the births which have been notified to the medical officers of health of the several sanitary districts in London, and from the information thus received the following table has been prepared:—
    Metropolitan borough.Total births notified (corrected for institutions).Stillbirths (corrected).Births, less stillbirths (corrected).Births registered (corrected).Excess of registered over notified births (corrected).
  • Page 13
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health . The number and percentage of stillbirths and of multiple births notified in 1910 (uncorrected for institutions) is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Total births notified.Still-births.Percentage stillborn.Multiple births.Percentage of mothers delivered of more than one child at a birth.
    Twins.Triplets.Total born.
    Cases.Stillborn.Cases.Stillborn.
    One.both.One.Two.Three
  • Page 13
    is especially urged in the report of the medical officer of health of Islington, where, as will be observed, no advantage is taken of the Notification of Births Act.
    Metropolitan borough.No. of health visitors.No. of women sanitary inspectors.Proportion of infants visited to total registered births.Consultation centres-Feeding of expectant or nursing mothers.
  • Page 14
    Annual Report of the London County Council, 1910.
    Metropolitan borough.No. of health visitors.No. of women sanitary inspectors.Proportion of infants visited to total registered births.Consultation centres.Feeding of expectant or nursing mothers.
  • Page 14
    Deaths. The number of deaths in the Administrative County of London in 1910 (52 weeks) was 61,756, giving an annual death rate of 13.7 per 1,000 of the estimated population. The death-rate in successive periods has been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate (All Causes) per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate (All Causes) per l,000 persons living.
  • Page 14
    of 1901. The columns showing "death-rates corrected for age and sex distribution" have been obtained by multiplying the crude death-rates by the "factors for correction" published by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary for 1910. (b)
    Town.Estimated Population (middle of 1910).Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living (corrected for age and sex distribution).Comparative mortality figure.
  • Page 15
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the crude death-rate of London with that of several foreign towns:—
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 15
    corrected for institution deaths (see footnote (c), page 8), and the rates for the decennium 1891-1900 are based upon figures which have been corrected for institution deaths on the basis of the experience of the four years 1897-1900; a fuller discussion of this point will be found in the London Life Table appended to my report for the year 1901. (b)
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Mean death-rate 1891-1900.Death-rate 1910.Difference per cent.Mean death-rate 1891-1900.Death -rate 1910.Difference per cent.
  • Page 15
    results thus obtained from the London Life Table, 1891-1900:—
    Age-group.Mean future lifetime, 1891-1900.Age-group.Mean future lifetime, 1891-1900.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 16
    is also shown, and the figures in the last column of the table express this gain in terms of "life-capital," these being obtained by applying the mean future lifetime figures given in the preceding table to the number of lives gained at each age-group:—
    Age-group.Deaths calculated according to mean death-rates of 1891-1900.Deaths occurring in the year 1910.Gain ( + ) or loss ( —) of lives in the year 1910, by fluctuations of mortality.Gain (+) or loss (—) of "life capital" in the year 1910 by fluctuations of mortality.
    Males.Years.
  • Page 16
    The following table shows the diminution or excess in the number of deaths from certain diseases and groups of diseases during the year 1910, compared with the mean of the annual deaths in the preceding 10 years, corrected for variations in the population.
    Cause of Death.Diminution or excess in number of deaths in 1910 compared with 1900-1909.
    Diminution.Excess.
  • Page 17
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health .
    Cause of Death.Diminution or excess in number of deaths in 1910, compared with 1900-1909.
    Diminution.Excess.
  • Page 17
    The following table shows the crude death-rates, and the death-rates corrected for differences in the age and sex constitution of the population (a) of the several sanitary districts (b) during the year 1910; the mean death-rates for the period l905-9 are also shown for the purposes of comparison.
    Area.Standard death-rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected comparative mortality figure (London, 1,000).
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.1906-9.1910.
  • Page 18
    The following table shows the number of deaths (a) (All Causes) occurring at the several age- periods in each of the sanitary districts of the Administrative County of London during the year.
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths at ages from all causes—-1910 (365 days).
    0-1-2-3-4-Under 5.5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85 & upwardsAll Ages.
  • Page 18
    In the case of phthisis and of "cancer," viz., carcinoma, sarcoma, and cancer (otherwise undefined) factors tor correction for dmerences in age and sex constitution "have been calculated, and these factors and the corrected death-rates are shown on pages 53 and 60 respectively.
    Metropolitan borough.Measles.Rheumatic Fever.Carcinoma.Sarcoma.Cancer (not otherwise defined).Tabes Mesenteric^.Tuberculous Meningitis.Phthisis.Other Tuberculous and Scrofulous Diseases.Pneumonia.Other Respiratory Diseases.All other Causes.All Causes.
  • Page 19
    The proportion in successive periods has been as follows:—
    Period.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.Period.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
  • Page 19
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the infantile mortality in London and other large Euglish towns.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 19
    The rates shown in the following table, which are calculated on the number of living births registered, can only be taken as approximately correct. The rate for New York is somewhat overstated for the period 1905-9, owing to the incomplete registration of births prior to 1908.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 20
    The following table shows the deaths of infants under one year of age and the number of these deaths per 1,000 births in each of the sanitary districts of the County of London for the period 1905-9 and for the year 1910:—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths under one year of age, 1910 (52 weeks).Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 20
    From the information thus supplied,the following table has been compiled, showing the figures for London as a whole for the 52 weeks of 1910. It will be seen that the total deaths here shown differ slightly from the total in the preceding table derived from the annual summary of the Registrar-General.
    Cause of death.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months. i10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under one year.
  • Page 21
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health.
    Cause of death.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under one year.
  • Page 21
    Comparison may be made between the number of deaths from the several causes in the above table with those of the five antecedent years by reference to the following table :—•
    Cause of death.1905. 52 weeks.1906. 52 weeks.1907. 52 weeks.1908. 53 weeks.1909. 52 weeks.1910. 52 weeks.Deaths in 1910 in excess or defect of the corrected average for 1905-9.
    Diminution in 1910Excess in 1910
  • Page 22
    The total deaths among children under one year of age from "all causes" at certain age periods in 1910 may be compared with similar figures included in the Annual Reports for the preceding five years as follows:—
    Year.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under one year.
  • Page 22
    The following table has been prepared to show the mortality rates among the survivors at the beginning of each age:—
    Year.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months,3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6 -7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total under one year. (a).
  • Page 22
    With a view to comparing the rates of mortality from the several groups of diseases in the years 1905-10 the following table has been prepared. It will be seen that in 1910 the death-rate from diarrhœal diseases was low. This low death-rate is probably in the main due to the favourable meteorological conditions of 1910.
    Year.All causes, (a)Measles.Whooping-cough.Diarrhœal diseases.Wasting diseases.Tuberculous diseases.Meningitis and convulsions.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Other causes.
  • Page 23
    than those relating to deaths of older persons. Nevertheless, the decline in recent years which the figures in the following table indicate is significant.
    Year.Tuberculous diseases—Death-rate per 1,000 living at the beginning of each age.
    0—1—2—3—4—
  • Page 23
    For the purpose of comparison, similar figures for the preceding five years are shown; these differ slightly from those contained in the life tables published in some former reports owing to the figures being recalculated upon the more fully corrected figures which have become available since the life table was first introduced into these reports.
    Age-period. x/2Number living at the beginning of each month of age. l x/12
    1910.1909. |1908.1907.1906.1905.
  • Page 23
    The probability of living for one month from the beginning of each month of life in the last six years of the decennium 1901-1910, is shown in the following table. The higher probabilities obtaining in the later years shown in the table is worthy of note.
    Age-period. x/12Probability of living for one month from the beginning of each month of life. p x/12
    1910.1909.1908.1907.1906.1905.
  • Page 24
    For the purpose of enabling comparison to be made of the age-distribution of the deaths under one year of age in the several sanitary districts of London, the following table has been prepared:—
    Metropolitan borough.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total under 1 Year.
  • Page 24
    With a view to the consideration of the effect of "social condition" (a) on the rates of infantile mortality at different periods during the first year of life, the following table has been prepared, in which the rates of infantile mortality obtaining for groups of districts can be compared:—
    Infantile mortality in relation to "social condition''—1910.
    Age-period.Group of boroughs in order of "social condition."
    I.II.III.IV.V.
  • Page 25
    This will be better appreciated by reference to the following table, in which the mortality of the group of districts of relatively highest "social condition " is taken as 100:—
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition."Comparative mortality—Group I. taken as 100.
    Children aged 0-3 months.Children aged 3-6 months.Children aged 6-9 months.Children aged 9-12 months.Children under 1 year.
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.1903-9.1910.
  • Page 25
    The death-rates in successive periods have been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 25
    It will be seen from the following table that in the quinquennium 1905-9, London had a lower death -rate from these diseases than any of the undermentioned English towns, except Leeds, Bristol, Bradford and Newcastle-on-Tyne, and in 1910 had a lower death-rate than any, except Birmingham, Bristol, Nottingham and Leicester.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 26
    The following table shows that the London death-rate from six of these principal epidemic diseases, viz.: smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria (including croup), whooping-cough and enteric fever was, in the quinquennium 1905-9, higher than the death-rates of all the undermentioned foreign towns except St. Petersburg and New York, and in 1910, was higher than that of all except Stockholm, St. Petersburg, and Rome.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 26
    The following table shows the deaths from the principal epidemic diseases and the death-rates per 1,000 persons living in each of the sanitary districts of the County in 1910, and the death-rates for the period 1905-9:—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 27
    The death-rates from smallpox in successive periods have been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 27
    During the complete years in which the notification of infectious diseases has been obligatory, the number of cases of smallpox (uncorrected for errors in diagnosis) notified to the medical officers of health in the various sanitary districts comprised in the Administrative County has been as follows:—
    Year.Cases of smallpox notified.Case-rate per 1,000persons living.
  • Page 27
    It will be seen from the following table that in the quinquennium 1905-9 only two of the undermentioned towns, namely Bristol and Hull, had a rate of 0.001 per 1,000. while in 1910, one death only occurred in Sheffield, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Hull and Nottingham.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 28
    The following table shows that of the undermentioned towns, St. Petersburg is the only one which has had an appreciable death-rate from smallpox during the last six years.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 28
    The following table shows the proportion of children born in each year who were not finally accounted for in respect of vaccination.
    YearChildren not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.Year.Children not finally accounted for (including cases post-poned) per cent. of total births.
  • Page 29
    During these years, the proportion of children exempted by certificate of conscientious objection, together with the proportion of children not finally accounted for in the several Unions, has been as follows:—
    Metropolitan Union.189S.1899.1900.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.19071908.1909.
  • Page 29
    The death-rates from this disease per 1,000 persons living in 1910 and preceding periods have been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1841-18500.6219020.51a
    1851-18600.5319030.45a
    1861-18700.5819040.50a
    1871-18800.5119050.38a
    1881-18900.6419080.42a
    1891-19000.58a19070 .40a
    1901-19100.44a19080.33a
    19090.51a
    19010.43a19100.44a
  • Page 30
    The following table shows the death-rate from measles of children at this age in successive periods:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 children living at ages 0—5.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 children living at ages 0—5.
  • Page 30
    The following table shows the deaths and death-rates from measles in 1910 (52 weeks) in each of the sanitary districts of the County:—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000persons living.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 31
    The following table shows the measles death-rate (a) at ages 0-5 obtaining in the several sanitary districts of the County of London during the year 1910.
    Metropolitan borough.Death-rate per 1,000 children living aged 0-5, 1910.Metropolitan borough.Death-rate per 1,000 children living aged 0-5, 1910.Metropolitan borough.Death-rateper 1,000 childrenlivingaged 0-5,1910.
  • Page 31
    The following table shows the measles mortality under five years of age in five groups of districts, arranged in order of "social condition. The figures show that there is marked parallelism between measles mortality and "social condition":—
    Number of group of boroughs in "order of social condition." (b)Measles death-rate atages 0-5 per 1,000 living 1901-10. (a)
  • Page 31
    If the London measles death-rate be compared with the death-rates of the following large English towns, it will be seen that in the quinquennium 1905-9, the London death-rate was exceeded by the death-rates of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, West Ham, Nottingham, Salford, and Leicester, and in the year 1910 exceeded that of all except Liverpool and Bradford.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 31
    The following table shows that the London measles death-rate, in the quinquennium 1905-9 and in the year 1910 was higher than that of any of the undermentioned foreign towns except St. Petersburg and Rome.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 32
    The following table shows the number of deaths from measles at the several age-periods in each of the sanitary districts. For the purposes of this table deaths occurring in public institutions belonging to London have been distributed to the districts in which the deceased had previously resided. (See footnote (c), page 8).
    Metropolitan borough.Measles—Deaths at ages, 1910 (365 days).
    0—1—2-3—4—Under 5.5—10—15 and upwds.All Agres.
  • Page 32
    Medical officers of health derive their information as to the occurrence of cases of measles mainly from the teachers of elementary schools. The majority of the annual reports show the number of cases of this disease concerning which the medical officers of health received intimation, and the following table has been compiled from the information thus supplied:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of cases of measles, 1910.Metropolitan borough.No. of cases of measles, 1910.Metropolitan borough.No. of cases of measles, 1910.
  • Page 32
    The age distribution of the cases made known to the medical officer of health is shown in the report relating to Paddington, thus:
    Metropolitan borough.0—1—2—3-4 —5—13—15—
  • Page 33
    As in previous years, the medical officers of health of Paddington and Hampstead show the number of houses in which there occurred during the year more than one case of measles, thus:
    Metropolitan Borough.Number of houses in which one or more cases occurred.
    One case.Two cases.Three cases.Four cases.Five cases.Six cases.Seven cases.Eight casesNine cases.
  • Page 33
    The following figures relating to London are instructive in this connection—
    Period.Measles mortality per 1,000 of population.
    All ages.0-3 years.Comparative death- rate at ages 0-3. (Death-rate at "all ages" taken as unity)
  • Page 33
    In the absence of material for the calculation of reliable rates for the last decennium, the follow ing figures are of interest:—
    Period.Number cf measles deaths at ages 0-3 in every 1,000 deaths at "all ages."
  • Page 34
    The scarlet fever case-rates, death-rates and case-mortality for 1910 and preceding periods are shown in the following table:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case- mortalityper cent.
  • Page 34
    In 1910 it was exceeded by all except Bristol, Bradford, Newcastle-on-Tyne and Leicester.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 34
    The following table shows that in the year 1910 the London scarlet fever death-rate was higher than that of Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam, and in the quinquennium 1905-9 was exceeded by the death-rates of Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Berlin, Vienna and New York.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 35
    The following table shows the scarlet fever cases, deaths, case-rates, and death-rates for the year 1910 and the case-rates and death-rates for the period 1905-9 in the several sanitary districts.
    Metropolitan borough.Notified cases, 1910 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 35
    The fatality was highest among males aged 1—2 and females aged 0—1, if the obviously abnormal rates over 45 years of age, due to the smallness of the figures be disregarded.
    Age-period.Males.I Females.
    Notified cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case-mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Notified cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case-mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 36
    If the number of cases notified in the four weeks which would be most subject to holiday influence be compared with the number of cases notified in the four preceding and four succeeding weeks, the results shown in the following table are obtained :—
    Period.Notified cases—Age-periods.Increase (-f) or decrease ( —) per cent.
    0-33-1313 and upwards.0-33-131 13 and upwards.
  • Page 36
    The number of dwellings in which multiple cases occurred is shown in some of the reports, as follows:—
    Metropolitan borough.One case.Two cases.Three cases.Four cases.Five cases.
  • Page 37
    Cases certified to be those of scarlet fever and admitted into the hospitals of the Metropolitan Errors of Asylums Board in which the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed, constituted in successive years ia s nosis -the following percentage of the total cases admitted :—
    Year.Percentage.Year.Percentage.
  • Page 37
    The diphtheria case-rates, death-rates, and case-mortality in 1910, and preceding periods, are shown in the following table :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 37
    If the London diphtheria death-rate be compared with the death-rates of the following large English towns it will be seen that in the quinquennium 1905-9 the London rate was exceeded by that of all except that of Leeds, Sheffield, Nottingham and Leicester, and in 1910 was exceeded by the rates of all except Sheffield and Leicester.
    Town.1905-9.1910.1 Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 38
    The following table shows that in the quinquennium 1905-9 the London death-rate from diphtheria and croup exceeded that of any of the undermentioned foreign towns except Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Berlin, Vienna, and New York ; in 1910 the London rate was in addition exceeded in Rome :¡ª
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 38
    The following table shows the diphtheria cases, deaths, case-rates, and death-rates for the year 1910, and the case-rates and death-rates for the period 1905-9, in the several sanitary districts :¡ª
    Metropolitan borough.Notified Cases, 1910 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks). |Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 39
    The figures for the years 1901-9 differ from those given in previous reports owing to the revision of the population estimates on the basis of the results of the 1911 census.
    Metropolitan borough.Diphtheria.—Comparative case-rate (London case-rate taken as 100).
    1891189218931S941895189618971898189919001901190219031904190519061907190819091910
  • Page 39
    The fatality was greatest among males aged 0—1, and females aged 1—2, if the obviously abnormal rate among females aged 55 and upwards, depending upon the smallness of the figures be disregarded.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 40
    If the number of cases in the four weeks preceding, and the four weeks subsequent to, the weeks most subject to holiday influence be compared, the following results are obtained for the age periods of 0—3, 3—13, and 13 years and upwards.
    Period.Notified cases—Age periods.Increase (+) or decrease (- ) per cent.
    0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.
  • Page 41
    Information concerning the number of specimens examined for diphtheria bacilli at the expense of the sanitary authorities is contained in the reports relating to the following districts :—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of specimens examined.Number found positive.Metropolitan borough.Number of specimens examined.Number found positive.
  • Page 41
    Cases certified to be those of diphtheria and admitted into the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, but in which the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed, constituted the following percentage of total cases admitted in successive years :—
    Year.Percentage.Year.Percentage.
    190112.8190615.5
    190213.5190717.0
    190314.7190818.1
    190416.1190916.8
    190518.0191014.2
  • Page 41
    The death-rates from this disease in 1910 and preceding periods have been as follows :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 41
    The following are the death-rates of children under five years of age.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 children living at ages 0-5.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 children living at ages 0-5.
  • Page 42
    It will be seen from the following table that in the quinquennium 1905-9 the London whooping-cough death-rate was exceeded by that of all the undermentioned towns except Leeds, Bristol, Bradford, Nottingham and Leicester, while in the year 1910 it exceeded that of all except Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle and Salford:—
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 42
    The following table shows that the London whooping-cough death-rate was, in the quinquennium 1905-9, higher than that of any of the undermentioned foreign towns except Copenhagen, and in the year 1910 higher than all.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 42
    The following table shows the whooping-cough deaths and death-rates for the year 1910 and the death-rates for the period 1905-9 in the several sanitary districts :—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 43
    The following table shows that when the London sanitary districts are grouped according to the social condition of the population, the incidence of whooping-cough mortality progressively increases from the highest to the lowest social group.
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition." (a)Whooping-cough death rate (b) at ages 0-5 per 1,000 living, 1901-10.
    I.2.33
    II.2.74
    III.2.80
    IV.3.05
    V.3.21
  • Page 43
    The number of cases reported, so far as stated in the annual reports, was as follows :—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of cases.Metropolitan borough.Number of cases.
    Paddington518Finsbury208
    Kensington365Shoreditch256
    Hammersmith200Southwark475
    Chelsea152Bermondsey300
    Westminster, City of163Lambeth719
    St. Marylebone278Battersea509
    St. Pancras941cWandsworth919
    Islington892Greenwich302
    Hackney446Lewisham498
    Holborn91Woolwich377
  • Page 43
    Typhus. There were no deaths from typhus registered in the Administrative County of London during the year 1910. The death-rates from this disease in successive periods have been as follows :—
  • Page 44
    The case-rates and death-rates per 1,000 persons living and the case-mortality per cent, in 1910 and preceding periods were as follows :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 44
    The following table shows the enteric fever cases, deaths, case-rates and death-rates for the year 1910, and the case-rates and death-rates for the period 1905-9 in the several sanitary districts—
    Metropolitan borough.Notified cases, 1910 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 45
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health . 45
    Metropolitan borough.Notified cases, 1910 (52 weeks).Case rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 45
    The fatality was greatest among males and females aged 55 and upwards:—
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Casemortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case- mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 46
    The number of cases in which blood was examined by the Widal test at the expense of the sanitary authority is shown in the reports relating to the following districts:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of specimens examined.No. found positive.Metropolitan borough.No. of specimens examined.No. found positive.
  • Page 46
    Cases certified to be those of enteric fever admitted into the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, but in which the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed, constituted the following percentage of total cases admitted in successive years:—
    Year,Percentage.Year.Percentage.
  • Page 47
    The age-distribution of such of these deaths as belonged to London was, in 1910, as follows:—
  • Page 47
    The following table shows that the London diarrhoea death-rate was in the quinquennium 1905-9 lower than the death-rate of any of the undermentioned large English towns, except Bristol, Bradford and Newcastle-on-Tyne, and in 1910 was lower than that of any except Bristol.
    Town.1905-9.1910.Town.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 47
    The deaths and death-rates from diarrhoea for the year 1910, and the death-rates for the period 1905-9 in each of the sanitary districts of London, are shown in the following tabl:—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1910 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 48
    The age-distribution of such of these deaths as belong to London was as follows—
    Under 1 Year.1-5.5-20.20-40.40-60.60-80.80 and upwards.All ages.
    321 7f 412283611130
  • Page 48
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered from this disease since 1890 have been as follows—
    Year.Notified Cases.Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths. (a)Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 48
    The number of cases of erysipelas notified and the case-rate for the year 1910, together with the case-rate for the period 1905-9, in the several sanitary districts are 6hown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Notified Cases, 1910 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 49
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health.
    Metropolitan borough.Notified Cases, 1910 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1905-9.1910.
  • Page 49
    The following table shows the age and sex distribution of the notified cases of erysipelas in 1910—
    Sex.All Ages.0-O-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75 and upwards.
  • Page 49
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered from this cause since the year 1890 have been as follows—
    Year.Notified cases.Deaths, (a) 1
  • Page 50
    Year.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 births.Death-rate (a) per 1,000 living.Death-rate (a) per 1,000 births.
  • Page 51
    There are, however, wide differences in these respects, as will be seen from the following table, which shows the number of cases of scarlet fever and diphtheria notified during the month of holiday influence and the succeeding month among children aged 3—13, per cent, of cases in the preceding four weeks:—
    Year.Scarlet fever.Diphtheria. 1
    Month of holiday influence.Post-holiday month.Month of holiday influence.Post-holidaymonth.
  • Page 51
    The total figures showing the number of cases of scarlet fever and diphtheria notified in the London population in the 19 years 1892-1910 (6) were as follows:—
    Period.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.
    Notified cases.Increase (+) or decrease (—) —___. ._ ___________ _ _Notified cases.Increase ( + ) or decrease (—)
    Cases.Per cent.Cases.Per cent.
  • Page 52
    The deaths and death-rates from these diseases since 1889 have been as follows:—
    Year.Influenza (a).Bronchitis (a).Pneumonia (a).
    Deaths.Death-rate.Deaths.Death-rate.Deaths.Death-rate.
  • Page 52
    The distribution ot deaths (a) from influenza throughout the year (b) for each of the years 1890 to 1910 is shown in the following table:—
    No. of weeks.189018911892189318911895189618971898189919001901190219031904190519061907190819091910
  • Page 52
    The death-rates from this disease in successive periods nave been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons ! living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 53
    The following table shows the crude phthisis death-rate , and the rate corrected for differences in the age and sex constitution of the population of the various sanitary districts, (a) The factors for correction, also shown in the table, have been calculated by applying the population at each age and for each sex of each of the London sanitary districts to the death-rates at each age and for each sex obtaining for London in the five years 1897-1901
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death-rate. (h)Factor for correction for age and sex distri-tribution.Crude death-rate.Corrected death-rate.Comparative mortality figure. (London 1,000.)
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 54
    Annual Report of the London County Council , 1910.
    Metropolitan borough.Corrected phthisis death-rates per 1,000 persons living (1901-1910).
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.
  • Page 54
    The following table shows the number of deaths from phthisis at several age-periods in each of the 6anitary districts.
    Metropolitan borough.Phthisis—Deaths at the several age-periods in sanitary areas—1910 (365 days).
    0-5-10-15-20-25-36-45-55-66-75-85and upwardsAll Ages.
  • Page 55
    The following table shows the mortality from phthisis during the period 1901-1910 in groups of London sanitary districts, arranged in order of "social condition"' (a)
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition"Crude phthisis death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate (London, 1,000).
  • Page 55
    In the years 1909 and 1910 these proportions in London were as follows:—
    Place of death.Deaths—per cent, of total, 1909.Deaths—per cent. of total, 1910.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 55
    In the following table the districts are arranged in order, according to the proportion in which deaths occur in the homes:—
    Deaths from phthisis occurring in the homes per cent, of total deaths from phthisis, males and females, 1910.
    Metropolitan borough.Percentage.Metropolitan borough.Percentage.Metropolitan borough.Percentage.
  • Page 56
    This fact is especially indicated if the place of death be observed in groups of districts, arranged in relation to "social condition," (a) as will be seen from the following table:—
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "sooial condition."Place of death of persons aged 25-55 in relation to "social condition," 1909-1910.
    Males.Females.
    At home.In workhouse.In hospital or asylum.At home.In workhouse.In hospital or asylum.
  • Page 56
    The deaths in hospitals for consumption in the five groups were as follow:—
    Group.Deaths in hospitals for consumptives.
    1909.1910.Total.
  • Page 56
    In his report for the year 1910 Dr. Dudfield gives like particulars in respect of 35 persons dying in Poor Law institutions, the length of institutional treatment immediately prior to death being as follows:—
    Duration of treatment in Poor Law Institutions —Paddington, 1910.
    Under 1 week.1—4 weeks.1—3 months.3—6 months.6—9 months.9—12 months.Under 1 year.1—2 years.2—3 years."Years."
  • Page 56
    Moreover, Dr. Dudfield states the duration of isolation in months of 21 patients, the period of whose illness had lasted less than three years. Thus:—
    Duration of disease in years.Duration of isolation in months.
    0—1—3—6—9—12 +
  • Page 57
    The following figures are thus obtained:—
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition."Death-rate corrected for difference in population from year to year.Percentage decrease in rate.
    1901-1905.1906—19 J 0.
  • Page 57
    The figures relating to deaths in workhouse establishments have been derived from the Annual Summary of the Registrar-General:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of persons notified under the Order.Voluntary.Deaths in Workhouse Establishments.
  • Page 58
    The number of persons at the several ages cannot be shown, but if the fact be ignored that several notifications were often received in respect of the same person, the following figures are obtained:—
    Sex.Age-distribution of poor-law notifications during 1910.
    0-0-10—15 —20—25—35—45—55—65—75 +All ages.
  • Page 58
    The number of patients at the several ages was as follows:—
    Sex.Age-distribution of voluntary notifications, 1910.
    0—15—20—25—35—45—55—65 +All ages.
  • Page 59
    The figures showing the decline in the death-rate during more recent vears are shown in the following table:—
    Area.Average annual death-rate.Decrease per cent.
    1901-4.1906-9.
  • Page 60
    The following table shows the number of instances in which material was sent to the medical officers of health with a view to examination for tubercle bacilli, and the number of instances in which the result was positive:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of specimens examined.No. found to be tuberculous.. Metropolitan borough. tNo. of specimens examined.No. found to be tuberculous.
  • Page 60
    The death-rates from this disease in successive periods have been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 60
    These factors are shown in the following table, together with the death-rates tor each sanitary district, corrected by their application. (b)
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death-rate. (c)Factor for correction % for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Comparative mortality figure (London 1,000).
    1905-91910.1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 61
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health .
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death-rate.(a)Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected doath-rate per 1,000 persons living.Comparative mortality figure (London 1,000)
    1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.1905-9.1910.
  • Page 61
    The following table shows the corrected death-rate from cancer in each of the sanitary districts o: London, annually for the last ten years:—
    Metropolitan borough.Corrected Cancer death-rates.
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.
  • Page 62
    The following tables show the deaths during 1910 (365 days) in each of the sanitary districts from cancer at several age-periods under three headings, viz., sarcoma, carcinoma, and cancer, deaths classified under the last-named term being those for which the information given on the certificate of death was insufficient to distinguish them further for purposes of classification:—
    Metropolitan borough.Sarcoma—Deaths at ages—1910 (365 days.) |
    0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85 and upwardsAll Ages
  • Page 63
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health.
    Metropolitan borough.Cancer (otherwise undistinguished).—Deaths at ages—1910 (365 days).
    0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85 and upwardsAll Ages.
  • Page 63
    The following table shows the proportional age-distribution of the deaths in London during 1910 (365 days) classified under the three headings—
    Type of cancer.All ages.Under 35.35-45-55-65-7585 and upwards.
  • Page 63
    The following table shows the death-rates for the period 1901-10 according to "social condition" as defined in footnote (a) page 24.
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition."Crude cancer death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate (London, 1,000).
  • Page 64
    The age distribution of the 115 cases notified in 1910 was as follows:—
    Sex.Cerebro-spinal fever—Age distribution of notified cases, 1910.
    All ages.0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-13-15+
  • Page 65
    The temperature and rainfall in each month of the year 1910 are shown in the following table:—
    Month.Temperature of the air.Departure of mean monthly temperature from average of preceding 65 years.Rain and other forms of precipitation.Departure of mean monthly rainfall from average of preceding 65 years.
    Absolute maximum.Absolute minimum.Mean for the month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
  • Page 66
    It will be seen that the number of these premises in London is continually decreasing.
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of premises for which licences were granted.
  • Page 66
    The following table relating to cowsheds has been thus prepared:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of cowshed premises.Number of inspections by the sanitary authority. 1910.Number of prosecutions by sanitary authority, 1910.
    On register at end of 1909.Added in 1910.Removed in 1910.On register at end of 1910.
  • Page 67
    The table has mainly been compiled from information contained in the annual reports:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of premises. (a)Number of inspections, 1910.Number of notices, 1910.Number of prosecutions, 1910.
    On register at end of 1909,Added in 1910.Removed in 1910.On register at end of 1910.
  • Page 68
    During the year 1910 there were five inspections of all the cows in the London cowsheds, and the results of the veterinary inspector's examination are shown in the following table:—
    Details of Examination.1st period, 1st Dec., 1909 to 4th Feb., 1910.2nd period, 6th Feb. to 14th June., 1910.3rd period, 15th June to 4th August, 1910.4th period, 6th August to 22nd Oct 1910.5th period, 23rd Oct. to 10th Dec., 1910.
  • Page 69
    The following table shows the number ox samples taken during the year under review, the counties from which they were derived, and the results of bacteriological examination at the Lister Institute.
    County.No. of samples taken from churns for examination.No. of samples found to be tuberculous.No. of samples found not to be tuberculous.No. of samples the examination of which was not completed owing to accident and other causes.
  • Page 69
    The following table shows the number of farms visited, the number of cows inspected and the number of cows certified to have tuberculosis of the udder during the year:—
    County.No. of farms inspected.No. of cows inspected.No. of cows with tuberculous udders.
  • Page 70
    Annual Report of the London County Council, 1910.
    County.No. of farms inspected.No. of cows inspected.No. of cows with tuberculous udders.
  • Page 70
    It will be seen that the number of these premises is con- tinually decreasing:—
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of premises for which licences were granted.Year.No. of applications received.No. of premises for which licences were granted.
  • Page 71
    The number of slaughter-houses in each metropolitan borough (other than those at the ( ity Corporation Markets in Islington and Deptford), and the frequency with which these slaughter-houses, in most of the boroughs, were inspected, is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of slaughter-houses (a).No. of inspections, 1910.No. of notice, 1910.
    Licensed at end of 1909.Licence lapsed or refused in 1910.Remaining at end of 1910.
  • Page 71
    The boroughs in which these premises are situated, the number of premises, and for most boroughs, the number of inspections, are shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. on Register at end of 1910.No. of inspections, 1910. JMetropolitan borough.No. on Register at end of 1910.No. of inspections, 1910.
  • Page 72
    The following table, which is compiled mainly from information contained in the annual reports, shows the action taken by local authorities in respect of smoke nuisance during the year:—
    Metropolitan borough.Observations and inspections.Nuisances and complaints.Intimations.Notices.Summonses.
  • Page 74
    Particulars of the death-rates in the three areas, as compared with the death rates in their respective boroughs and in the whole of London, are given in the following table:—
    AreaAverage yearly death-rate per thousand.
    All causes.Phthisis.Principal epidemic diseases.
  • Page 75
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health.
    Metropolitan borough.No. of houses inspected.No. of houses unfit for habitation.No. of representations.No. of closing orders.No. of houses, defects remedied wthout closing orders.No. of houses, defeots remedied after closing ordersRemarks.
  • Page 75
    The population thus dealt with comprised 28,370 persons, and the death-rate at "all ages," after correction for age and sex distribution, was 9.5 per 1,000 living, compared with 13.7 for London:—
    Cause of death.Death-rate per 1,000 living, 1910.
    Council's dwellings.London.
  • Page 76
    In the following table will be seen the number of houses, the authorised number of lodgers, the number of convictions, with the penalties inflicted, and other particulars during each year since 1894:—
    Year.No. of houses on register.Authorised number of lodgers.No. of day visits by inspectors.No. of night visits.No. of prosecutions.No. of convictions.Penalties and costs.No. of cases of infectious disease.
    £s.d.
  • Page 76
    The following table shows the total number of common lodging-houses, and the authorised accommodation for the different classes of lodgers in the several districts, other than the City of London, on 31st December, 1910:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of houses.Authorised accommodation.
    Men.Women.Couples.Total.
  • Page 77
    It has not been found possible to calculate reliable death-rates in connection with inmates of common lodging-houses owing to the difficulty in arriving at an accurate estimate of the population at risk, in consequence of the migratory character of persons of the common lodging-house class.
    Cause of death.Age 25 to 35.Age 35 to 45.Age 45 to 55.Age 55 to 65.Age 65 and upwards.
    London 1909.C.L.H 1909.C.L.H. 1910.London, 1909.C.L.H. 1909.C.L.H. 1910.London, 1909.C.L.H. 1909.C.L.H. 1910.London 1909.C.L.H. 1909.C.L.H 1910.London, 1909.C.L H. 1909.C.L.H. 1910.
  • Page 78
    At the end of the year the number of seamen's lodging-houses under supervision was 37, situated in the following metropolitan boroughs:—
    Metropolitan borough.Houses.Lodgers.
  • Page 78
    In the following table will be seen the number of houses, the authorised number of lodgers, the number of convictions, with the penalties inflicted, and other particulars, during each year since the supervision of seamen's lodging-houses was undertaken by the Council:—
    Year.No. of houses on register.Authorised number of lodgers.No. of day visits by inspectors.No. of night visits.No. of prosecutions.No. of convictions.Penalties and costs.No. of cases of infectious disease.
    £s.d.
  • Page 79
    In the following table are shown the number of houses let in lodgings on the register in each metropolitan borough, and the number of inspections and of proceedings under the by-laws relating to such houses:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of places.No. of Inspections, 1910.No. of Notices, 1910.No. of Prosecu-tions, 1910,
    On register at end of 1909.Added in 1910.Removed in 1910.On register at end of 1910.
  • Page 80
    80 Annual Report of the London County Council, 1910.
    Metropolitan borough.Number of places.No. of Inspections, 1910.No. of Notices, 1910.No. of Prosecutions, 1910.
    On register at end of 1909.Added in 1910.Removed in 1910.On register at end of 1910.
  • Page 81
    The following table shows the extent to which the powers referred to have been applied during 1910:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of premises caused to bo supplied.No. of legal proceedings.
  • Page 81
    The following table has been compiled mainly from information on this subject contained in the annual reports of medical officers of health:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of rooms or premises cleansed.Metropolitan borough.Number of rooms or premises cleansed.
  • Page 82
    The number of applications received and certificates granted during 1910 is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of houses for which applications for certificates were received during 1910.No. of tenements comprised therein.No. of tenements for which applications for certificates were
    Granted.Refused.Deferred or withdrawn.
  • Page 83
    Underground rooms. The number of underground rooms dealt with in 1910 in the several metropolitan boroughs is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of rooms illegally occupied.No. of rooms closed or illegal occupation discontinued.Metropolitan borough.No. of rooms illegally occupied.No. of rooms closed or illegal occupation discontinued.
  • Page 83
    The following table, showing the number of dwelling rooms found overcrowded in each metropolitan borough, is compiled from information supplied by the medical officers of health, mainly in their annual reports:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of dwelling-rooms overcrowded.No. remedied.No. of prosecutions.
  • Page 84
    This will be seen by reference to the following table:—
    1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.
  • Page 85
    In the following table the number of these premises in each metropolitan borough, and other particulars, are shown:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of places.No. of inspections, 1910.No. of notices, 1910.No. of prosecu-tions, 1910.
    On register at end of 1909.Added in 1910.Removed in 1910.On register at end of 1910.
  • Page 85
    The annual reports of medical officers of health supply information as to the number of premises inspected and the number of inspections as shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Premises used for the preparation and sale of food. (a)Number of inspections.Metropolitan borough.Premises used for the preparation and sale of food. (a)Number of inspections.
  • Page 87
    The following figures, which are mainly taken from the annual reports, show the extent to which the existing shelters were used during the year 1910:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of persons accommodated.Metropolitan borough.No. of persons accommodated.
  • Page 87
    Mortuaries. The number of bodies received into the mortuaries of the metropolitan borough councils during the year is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Total number of bodies received into mortuary.Number of infectious bodies received into mortuary.Metropolitan borough.Total number of bodies received into mortuary.Number of infectious bodies received into mortuary.
  • Page 87
    The number of verminous persons cleansed in 1910 is shown in some of the annual reports, and the following table has been compiled from the information thus supplied:—
    Metropolitan borough.Adults.Children.Metropolitan borough.Adults.Children.
  • Page 89
    The qua lification o f t h e London mi d wives is as f o ll ws :—
    Qualification of Midwife.Number not giving notice of intention to practise.Number giving notice of intention to practise.Total.
  • Page 92
    Condition of child.Total cases.Period of gestation.
    Full term.8 months.7 months.6 months or less.Not stated.|
  • Page 93
    Confinement conducted byTotal number of inquests.Deaths of mothers.Deaths of infants.
    Censured.No censure.Censured.No censure.
  • Page 94
    The following table gives the results of these inquiries which relate to the 292 notified cases and 60 deaths of cases not notified in London :—
    Delivery conducted byCases.Deaths.
  • Page 94
    The cause of death as stated in the death certificates in the 154 fatal cases where the deceased was confined in London is shown in the following table :—
    Cause of death.Notified cases.Unnotified cases.Total.
  • Page 94
    The age incidence of the 352 cases was as follows :
    Total.15-2020-2525-3030-3535-4040-15Over 45Age not given.
  • Page 95
    The 64 cases attended by midwives were diagnosed as follows :—
    Diagnosis.Recovery cases.Fatal cases.
  • Page 95
    The following table shows the day of the puerperium in which (a) the rise of temperature occurred, (b) medical aid was obtained, (c) the case was notified as puerperal fever, and (d) the death took place if the case were fatal.
    Day of confinement.2nd day.3rd day.4th day.5th day.6th day.7 th day.8th day.9 th day.10th day.After 10th day.Total.
  • Page 96
    TotalPrimipara.2 para.3 para.4 para.5 para.6 para.7 para.8 para.9 para.10 para.Over 10 para. . .Multipara no definite statement.No statement.
  • Page 102
    The list is as follows:—
    Shop.Number of times shop was entitled to be named. (9)Number of times shop was named.Shop.Number of times shop was entitled to be named, (d)Number of times shop was named.
  • Page 114
    Table 1 .—Analysis of cases diagnosed in the County of London.
    Year.Year.Year.Year.
  • Page 114
    Table II .—Occupations of these.
  • Page 115
    The figures correspond to successive groups of 500 samples in which the examination for the presence of tubercle bacilli was completed.
  • Page 127
    The percentage distribution of nutrition has been—
    Group.1909.1910.
  • Page 128
    The following figures show, in round numbers, the average results obtained from the boys in some 28 schools:—
    Age.Grams per cm.Age.Grams per cm.
  • Page 128
    The actual average values tor the age groups generally examined may be compared with averages from the 1883 report of the Anthropometric Committee:—
    Grams per centimetre of stature.
    Boys.Girls.
  • Page 128
    The following table shows the weight in grams per centimetre of stature in nutrition groups:—
    Nutrition Estimate.1234
  • Page 128
    The average value of this index is said at all ordinary school ages (8-14) to be between 2.3 and 2.4 and to be independent of racial influences. Tested on a random sample of cards the following figures are obtained:—
    Index.Actual number.Percentage.
  • Page 129
    Oppenheim's Nutritional Quotient.
    Age.London Secondary School.Marlborough College.
  • Page 130
    The nutrition which had been noted at the medical inspection was re-assessed at the end of the year as follows—
    Nutritional condition. (1)Good. (2)Average. (3)Bad. (4)
  • Page 133
    The averages for all London children obtained so far are shown on the accompanying table and compared with the averages given in the British Association Report of 1883:—
    L.C.C. schools and British Association Reports.Stature.Weight.
    Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.
    812812812812
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
  • Page 133
    The following table shows the percentage of adult stature attained at each age for several different races.
    Boys.Girls.
    812812
  • Page 134
    A variation between groups of individuals amounting to 11.7 centimetres and 4.8 kilos. (4½ in. and 10½ lbs.) was accounted for by difference in physiological age in the following table from Crampton's work:—
    Number of teeth cut01234
  • Page 135
    Omitting 37 cases whose age was not noted, the numbers were at each age—
    Age34567891011121314
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)
  • Page 136
    As far as obtainable the frequency of different rheumatic manifestations was—
    Numbers.Percentage of all children.Percentage amongst rheumatic cases only.
  • Page 137
    The following table shows the estimated percentages of nutrition:—
    Department.Bad or Very Bad.Average.Good.Very Good.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 138
    Owing to the apparent malnutrition of 13 boys Dr. Hawkes had them weighed regularly every week from November, 1909, till May, 1910.
    Ages.Number of boyCommencing weight.Final weight.Gain kilos.Normal gain.Remarks.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
  • Page 140
    The care committee of the Stockwell College Practising School asked for an inspection of the teeth of the older girls in March. The results noted were as follows:—
    Standard.No. of girls.Perfect teeth.Satisfactory.No. requiring extraction only.No. requiring stoppings only.Requiring both extraction and stopping.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)JL (7)
  • Page 142
    Of the 839 junior scholars who were referred back for various defects, excluding those (38) whose scholarships were finally withdrawn, 29 (13 boys and 16 girls) were referred again owing to the conditions not having been remedied. A further analysis of these numbers shows that the causes of the second reference were—
    Sex.Want of cleanliness.Vision.Teeth.Throat.Ears.Ringworm.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
  • Page 142
    Of the 142 supplementary junior scholars who were referred back for various defects, 11 (4 boys and 7 girls) were referred again owing to the defects not having been remedied. The following table shows the nature of these defects—
    Sex.Want of cleanliness.Vision.Teeth.Chest.Throat.Anaemia.Skin.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
  • Page 143
    The following table shows the nature of the defects of 38 junior county scholars who we re rejected—
    Sex.Want of cleanliness. 1Vision. 2Teeth. 3Throat. 4Spinal curvature. 5Heart. 6Chest. 7Ears. 8
  • Page 143
    Of the 175 who were referred, 10 (5 boys, 5 girls) were referred a second time owing to th( conditions not having been remedied. An analysis of these numbers is given in the following table—
    Scholarship.No. referred a second time.Referred for
    Want of cleanliness.Vision.Throat.Teeth.Sundry.
    l234567
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 143
    17 candidates (15 boys, 2 girls) were rejected for reasons set out below. Some of the candidates were rejected for more than one defect—
    Scholarship.No. rej ected.Reason of rejection.
    Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Chest.Sundry.
    l2345678
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 144
    Of the 346 special scholarship candidates who were referred 14 (2 boys and 12 girls) were referred a second time owing to defects not having been remedied. An analysis of these numbers is given in the subjoined table—
    Scholarship.Number referred a second time.Referred for
    Want of cleanliness.Vision.Throat.Teeth.Sundry.
    1234567
    m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.
  • Page 144
    Thirty-six girls were rejected for reasons set out below. Some of the candidates were rejected for more than one defect—
    Scholarship.Number rejected.Reason of rejection.
    Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Chest.Sundry.
    l2345678
  • Page 144
    Of the 666 candidates who were referred 30 (5 males and 25 females) were referred more than once for reasons indicated below—
    Awards.Number referred a second time.Referred for
    Want of cleanliness.Throat and nose.Teeth.Vision.Anaemia.Sundry.
    12345678
  • Page 144
    Thirty candidates (2 males, 28 females) were rejected for the reasons given in the subjoined table—
    Awards.Number rejected.Cause of rejection.
    Want of cleanliness.Teeth.Vision.Heart and lungs.Sundry.
    l234567
    m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.
  • Page 145
    The following table shows the conditions found during the past year:—
    Examination.No. of pupils.No. of verminous heads found.Percentage of unclean heads on number of pupils examined.
    (l)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 148
    The probable errors, standard deviations, and degree of variation have been calculated and are exactly comparable with the tables on p. 10 of the Annual Report for 1907, in which the procedure adopted for their calculation is explained.
    Age last birthday.Heights in centimetres. jWeights in kilograms.Age last birthday.
    Number examined.Average height in cm.Probable error + -Standard deviation.Coefficient of variation.Number examined.Average weight in kilos.Probable error +Standard deviation.Coefficient of variation.
    123456789101112
  • Page 149
    Average Stature in Centimetres.
    Age.L.C.C. Secondary Schools.North London Collegiate School.Worcester U.S.A.Berlin (Rietz).Stockholm (Key).Russia (Michaeloff)Turin (Pagliani).
    l2345678
  • Page 149
    Average Weight in Kilos.
    Age.L.C.C. Secondary Schools.North London Collegiate School.Worcester U.S.A.Berlin (Rietz).Stockholm (Key).Russia (MichaelofT).Turin (Pagliani).
    l2345678
  • Page 150
    The following table shows the result of the cleansing scheme as applied to heads (1910):—
    DepartmentsNumber of Children ExaminedNumber Clean.Number with very few nitsNumber VerminousNumber of White Cards served (First Notice)Number of Red Cards served (Final Warning)Number Proposed by Nurse for ExclusionNumber Excluded for Prosecution
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)C-i ^ (7)(8)(9)
  • Page 151
    The cleansing scheme was applied at 23 schools from 1st January to 30th September, 1910, with the following results—
    Department.Number examined.Number clean.Number verminous.Number of cards M.O. 24 served.Number returned clean.Number on whom statutory notices w ere served.Number cleansed at L.C.C. stations.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
  • Page 151
    The following table shows the results obtained at the "Chaucer" station during the twelve months ended 31st December, 1910:—
    Department.Number examined.Number clean.Number verminous.Number of cards M.O. 24 served.Number returned clean.Number of statutory notices served.Number cleansed at station.Number prosecuted.
    123456789
  • Page 152
    The following table shows the results obtained at the Finch-street station during the twelve months ended 31st December, 1910:—
    Department.Number examinedNumber clean.Number verminous.Number of cardsM.O. 24 served.Number returned clean.Number of statutory notices served,Number cleansed at station.Number prosecuted.
    (1)(2)(9)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
  • Page 152
    The Bath-street station, transferred from the Pulteney, was opened on the 3rd October, and the table shows the results obtained up to 31st December, 1910:—
    Department.Number examined.Number clean.Number verminous.Number of cards M.O. 24 served.Number returned clean.Number of statutory notices served.Number cleansed at station.Number prosecuted.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
  • Page 156
    The following figures show the number of fresh cases of ringworm reported by school nurses during the year, together with the results of the microscopical examination of hair stumps.
    Number of fresh cases reported.Number of specimens of hair stumps examined.Found to be forms of ringworm.No fungus found.Favus.Suspicious
  • Page 156
    The results of the medical examinations of children nominated as suitable for admission to special schools may be classified as follows:—
    m.d.m.d. and P.D.P.D.Blind.Blind and M.D.Myopes.Deaf.Deaf and M.D.Hard of Hearing.Industrial School.Elementary School.Imbeciles.Invalids or Epileptics.Total.
  • Page 157
    Including 89 mentally defectives mentioned in the table of children leaving the P.D. schools last year and 92 who have left during 1910 or are still in the schools, the following distribution of combined mental and physical defect is found:—
  • Page 158
    Children suffering from spastic paralysis form a difficult educational problem. The number of cases amongst 3,244 children was—
    Total.M.D.Very Dull.Epileptic.
  • Page 159
    The following table shows the numerical relations of the various lesions:—
  • Page 160
    In early childhood the apex-beat is commonly in the fourth intercostal space and in the nipple line, moving downwards and inwards as growth advances. Examination of 50 consecutive girls in Standards I. and II. gave the following results—
    Apex beat in 4th space.Apex beat in 5th space.
  • Page 160
    number of examinations held was 32 and 562 children reported upon. Some of them were seen on several occasions. Their educational disposal was as follows:—
    Number.E.S.E.S. (front row).Hard of Hearing.Deaf.M.D.Imbecile.Invalided.P.D.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
  • Page 161
    The following table analyses these cases according to the causation of their deafness and according to the amount of hearing they possessed, a certain number being doubtful in both respects:—
    Causation of Deafness.Condition of Hearing.Total.Totals.
    Totally Deaf.Semi-Deaf.Doubtful.
    B.G.B.G.B.G.B.G.
    l23456789
  • Page 164
    This test has been applied to 548 children in deaf schools, and the results as regards articulation and lip-reading alone are shown in the following table:—
    Mentality.Normal.Poor, Subnormal, or M.D.
    Speech at commencement of education.None.Residual.Natural.Not specified.
    l2345
  • Page 166
    The Daniel-street class of 25 had 22 children present at both examinations on July 1st and October 12th, the results of which were as follows :—
    Age last birthday.Number examined.Heights in centimetres.Weights in kilograms.
    Average on admission.Average gain in 3 monthsStandard for L.C.C. schools, 1906.Average on admission.Average gain in 3 months.Standard for L.C.C. schools, 1906.
    12845678
  • Page 166
    Continuous records were obtained of 34 boys, the results being as follows :—
    Age last birthday.Number measured.Heights in centimetres.Weights in kilograms.
    Average height 30.6.10.Average increase in four months.Standard for L.C.C. schools, 1906.Averageweight 30.6.10.Average increase in four monthsStandard for L.C.C. schools, 1906.
    l2345678
  • Page 168
    Average Heights in Centimetres.
    Age last birthday.BOYS.GIRLS.
    Birley House, 1910.Shrewsbury House, 1910.Open Air Schools, 1907-8.London Elementary Schools, 1906.Birley House, 1910.Shrewsbury House, 1910.Open Air Schools, 1907-8.London Elementary Schools, 1906.
  • Page 168
    Average Weights in Kilograms.
    Sex.Age last birthday.Average Weight at Entrance.Average Weekly Increase -Percentage of Body Weight.
    Birley House, 1910.Shrewsbury House, 1910.Open Air Schools, 1907-8.London Elementary Schools. 1906.Birley House, 1910.Shrewsbury House, 1910.Open Air Schools, 1907-8.London Elementary Schools. 1906.
  • Page 172
    The following table shows the causes of absence of 521teachers in Schools under various systems of Heating and Ventilation:—
    Causes of absence.Nine Plenum schools.Nine heated with radiators.Nine heated by open fires.Culloden-street.
    Percentage of teachers absent.Average number of days absent.Percentage absent.Days absent.Percentage absent.Days absent.Percentage absent.Days absent.
    (i)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
  • Page 174
    The following table shows the number of cases of scarlet fever, diphtheria and measles for the past five years, the incidence among school children being compared with the total number of cases occurring among p3rson3 of all ag33 in the metropolitan area.
    Disease.Year.Total number notified.Weekly mean.Per cent, of school children to persons of all ages.
    All ages.Children attending public elementary schools.All age3.Children attending public elementary schools.
    (i)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
  • Page 175
    The number of schools under observation for the above diseases were : measles 749, scarlet fever 239, and diphtheria 81. The departmental distribution was as follows:—
    Disease.Boys.Girls.Mixed.Infants.Special.
    (i)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
  • Page 175
    The following table shows the numbers of such closures:—
    Dept.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Measles.M amps.Scarlet Fever and Measles. 1Diphtheria and Measles.Measles and Mumps.
    Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms
    (1)(2)1 (3)! (4)(5)(6)(7) 1(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(IS)(14)(15)
  • Page 175
    The subjoined table shows the number of occasions on which these exclusions were ordered.
    Exclusion of unprotected children from individual classes.Exclusion of all unprotected children under live years of age.
  • Page 183
    The area drained by the system and the resident population thereof (1901) are approximately
  • Page 184
    The following table shows the quantity of crude sewage treated, chemicals used in precipitation, and sludge sent to sea, together with the quantity of refuse intercepted at the gratings at the outfall works at Barking and Crossness respectively during the year 1910:—
  • Page 186
    North of the Thames.
  • Page 186
    Flood Relief Scheme.
  • Page 186
    South of the Thames.
  • Page 186
    Flood Relief Scheme.
  • Page 186
    The subjoined table shows the total length and sizes of the local sewers, the construction of which were sanctioned by the Council during the year.
  • Page 187
    The prevalence of contagious disease in animals in London during the year 1910 and certain preceding years is shown by the following statement—
  • Page 188
    The following table shows the number of animals attacked by glanders in London and the adjoining counties, together with the total cases for Great Britain, during each of the past ten years—
  • Page 197
    Considering the operations as a whole, the results of the year 1910-11, after interest sinking fund charges have been met, as shown by the Revenue Accounts, are as follows—
  • Page 197
    The results of the year's working under the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, are as Results of follows:—
  • Page 198
    The total expenditure on dwellings was £129,084.
  • Page 198
    The following statement shows, as nearly as may be, the financial results of the brickfield— %
  • Page 200
    Expenditure. The total expenditure on dwellings was £50,476.
  • Page 200
    Financial results to 31st 6 March , 1911.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX I. TABLE SHOWING PROCEEDINGS OF LONDON SANITARY j AUTHORITIES UNDER THE FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901.
    Premises, Particulars, Class, &c.City of LondonBattersea.Bermondsey.Bethnal Green.Camberwell.Chelsea.Deptford.Finsbury.Fulham.Greenwich.Hackney.HammersmithHampstead.Holborn.Islington.Kensington.Lambeth.Lewisham.Paddington.Poplar.St. MarylebontSt. Pancras.Shoreditch.South wark.Stepney.Stoke Newington.Wandsworth.City of Westminster.Woolwich.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX II. CASES OF HUMAN GLANDERS IN LONDON-1893-1911.
    Date (usually that of death).Initials and age.Employment and where employed.Institution where treated.Symptoms. Course of disease. How long it was recognised before death.Post mortem appearances. Whether bacillus mallei found.Evidence, if any, as to manner in which disease was contracted, and general remarks.
    24.x.93W.W., 46Stables of L.R. Car Co., HammersmithWest London HospitalEruption on forehead, neck, arms and thighs. Illness only diagnosed two days before deathUlceration of nasal septum, larynx and trachea. Nodules in lungs. Pus in elbow joints. Intramuscular abscessBitten in finger of right hand by a glandered horse. The post mortem showed a predominance of disease on right side of body. There had been a number of cases of glanders in the stables recently.
    8.X.94M.B.M., 43Cab proprietor of Paddingtonv. "Times" of 8.X.94Injury to thumb, followed by inflammation in armpit-Two of M.B.M.'s horses said to have died from glanders He was kicked on the thumb when attending to them.
    18.vii.97J.T.L., 35Stables in New King's Road, Ful-hamFulham InfirmaryHeadache, difficulty of breathing, swelling on forehead. Day before death glanders diagnosedExamination of pus from swelling on forehead made nature of disease apparentHad been in attendance on glandered horses. During July nine horses were condemned at the premises at which J.T.L. worked.
    17.vi.98T.B., 18Costermonger, Bag- ley's-lane FulhamSt. George's HospitalAbscess in head. Pustules on body. Fever. Nature of disease not recognised before deathDiagnosis made on evidence found at the post mortem examinationOn May 9th two animals, which had been stabled with deceased spony, were condemned as being glandered. The man's own pony showed no sign of disease.
    6.viii.98G.H., 32Carman, WandsworthSt. Thomas' HospitalIll three years. Breaking out on arms seven months. At close of illness pustules broke out over bodyDiagnosis only made after death. During life it was believed he had typhoid feverA horse in the stable at which he worked was condemned as being glandered on 6.viii.95.
    21.iii.99E.V.N., 25Carman, Camden TownLondon Temperance HospitalCold and congestion of lungs. Later a rash appearedDiagnosis only made after deathIn Norwich until February, attended a sick horse when there. No evidence of contact with glandered
    10.viii.00W.M., 45Cab proprietor, Fitzroy-mewsGuy's Hospital •Swellings in arms and legs and high feverSubcutaneous swellings, furuncles, small abscess in forearm. Fluid in knee jointhorses subsequent to arrival in London. Glanders existed in W.M.'s stud of 54 horses at Fitzroy- mews at time of his death. Nine animals in all were killed.
    ll.x.00G.B., -Carman, Rygate-street, E.London HospitalAt first supposed to have "influenza," and then to have typhoid feverAdmitted to hospital with pyrexia and multiple abscesses. Death on third day. B. mallei foundPure growth of B. mallei obtained from pus from abscesses. Orchitis produced, by loopful of this growth, in guinea pig. See cntlbl. fur Bakt, Orig. Bd. xxxix. 1. Paper by Drs. Bulloch and Twort.
    (a)31.x.00J.A., -Stable in Kensal-road-At first supposed to have plague and then to have glandersThe case proved to be one of scleroderma-
    7.i.01H.S., 25Horsekeeper, HackneyWestminster HospitalIntramuscular abscesses in right arm and legTypical cultures were obtained from the pus, and these inoculated into g.p.'sThe man was discharged well. The horses he had charge of were healthy. This is Case III. in Bern stein and Carling's paper (1909).
    23.i.01W.W.D., 38Horsekeeper, HammersmithFulham InfirmaryPains and swellings in various parts of body. Diagnosed after death "chronic glanders "gave positive characteristic reactions Lungs were saved for examination, but were too decomposed to be usedNo evidence of contact with glandered horses.
    12.i.02 21.ii.02J.R. 47 G.C., -Employed in stable at Norwood CoachmanCroydon Infirmary Royal Chest HospitalSwelling on inside of leg and on headDeath was certified to be due to "pyæmia"The horse he had tended died on 23.xii.01 from glanders.
    22.viii.02R.N., 46At coal merchants, BowPoplar Sick AsylumAdmitted with "lumbago" 7th June, discharged himself, re-admitted on 11th and died on 17th August. Discharge from right nostrilLungs infiltrated. Lymphatic glands enlarged. Larynx and pharynx hæmorrhagic spots. B. mallei cultivatedNo evidence that the horses he tended had glanders.
    10.V.03C.F., 34Organ grinder, Pim-licoSt. George's Infirmary"Influenza" and later sore on forehead (three days before death)Nodules in lungs. Pus on surface of brain. Intramuscular abscessesKept his organ in empty stable in mews. Several glandered horses removed from within a short distance and one from adjoining stable.
    30.V.03A.D., 31Packer, Waltham- stowLondon HospitalChronic pyæmia, multiple abscessesB. mallei isolated from abscess. Inoculation gave positive result, g.p. died on third dayThe man was discharged well. See paper by Drs. Bulloch and Twort referred to above.
    Three other chronic cases are mentioned in Drs. Bulloch and Twort's paper as having been treated at London Hospital between 1900 and 1903 A.F. had abscesses of thighs lasting for months. F.R. (23) a carman, was ill many months. Intramuscular abscesses. Another carman suffered similarly from chronic pyæmiaIn all three cases the bacillus mallei was isolated by Drs. Bulloch and Twort.
    31.X.03C.P., 55Printer, Bethnal GreenEastern HospitalAdmitted as enteric fever. Intramuscular abscesses developedB. mallei was isolatedNo evidence of contact with glandered horses. See Vet. Record 2.ix.05. Paper by Dr. Goodall.
    3.ii.04H.B., 51Tram conductor. LeytonstoneLondon HospitalIll three weeks, shivering and fever. Pustules on arms, legs and forehead. Erythematous rash. Death two days after admissionFarcy nodules in skin. Acute glanders nodules diffused throughout the lungs. B. mallei isolatedSee paper by Drs. Bulloch and Twort referred to above. No evidence of contact with glandered horses.
    6.V.04S.S., 30Tram driver, ClaptonHackney InfirmaryIntramuscular abscesses (thigh and chest wall)No nodules in lungs. No ulcerations of trachea or of septum nasiNo evidence of contact with glandered horses. Inquest verdict left nature of disease open to doubt.
    25.viii.04D.O'C., 28Farrier, ShoreditchShoreditch InfirmarySupposed to have septicæmia. Dr. Bryett suspected case was one of farcyB. mallei foundHad been in contact with glandered horse seven or eight weeks prior to illness.
    14.xi.04H.A.L., 24Horsekeeper, Great Ormond-yard :Westminster HospitalOn 31.X.04 fell and bruised ribs. Two days later "alveolar abscess." Pustular eruption. Sores on mouth. Nasal dischargeDiffuse browny dark purplish swelling of face and neck. Pustular eruption. Multiple subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules. B. mallei foundStud of 130 horses was tested and 20 reacted to mallein and were slaughtered. This is Case I. in Bernstein and Carling's paper (1909).
    l.iii.05W.H., 33Ostler, LimehouseEastern Hospital...Thought to have enteric fever. Swelling knee joint and forearmB. mallei isolatedPatient recovered. Last case of glanders reported from stables 15.iii.04.
    16.V.05G.C.N., 52Horsekeeper, FulhamSt. George's HospitalBelieved to be pleurisy, then rheumatic fever, then septicaemia. Pustules developed. Glanders diagnosed day before deathB. mallei found in pusBitten by a horse on hand in January, 05. Stud was badly glandered.
    3.vi.05E.A.C., 44 (female)Wife of carman, FulhamSt. George's HospitalThree weeks' pain in knee and side. Pyrexia. Indurated patches and vesicles on skinB. mallei isolated. No nodules in lungs"Passionately fond of horses." One of her husband's horses was glandered. She lived in mews.
    1l.viii.05A.A., 45Horsekeeper, LambethWestminster HospitalSeven weeks' headache, muscular pains. Two weeks' swellings in left leg and forearmIntramuscular abscesses. B. mallei found. Dark hæmorrhagic firm areas in lungsNo clear evidence of contact with glandered horses. This is Case II. in Bernstein and Carling's paper (1909). See also Lond. Vet. Record 19.viii.05.
    19.viii.05A.B., 22CarmanWestminster HospitalFirst seen May, 1904. Then ill nine months. Erosion of oral and nasal pharynx. Mercury and iodides prescribedLower jaw extensively necrosed, central portion of tongue sloughed. B. mallei found. Lungs clearMallein reaction obtained January, 05. Death in Lambeth Infirmary. This is Case V. in Bernstein and Carling's paper (1909).
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    Date (usually that of death).Initials and age.Employment and where employed.Institution where treated.Symptoms. Course of disease. How long it was recognised before death.Post mortem appearances. Whether bacillus mallei found.Evidence, if any, as to manner in which disease was contracted, and general remarks.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX III. SUMMARY OF DEFECTS IN CHILDREN AS FOUND BY SCHOOL DOCTORS.
    Scheme A. (140 Schools).Vision.Cleanliness.Clothing.Nutrition.Teeth.Throat and Nose.Hearing and ears.Skin.Normal children.Other defects.
    Defective Vision.Disease of eyes.12345123451234512345Adenoids.Tonsils.disease of nose.Other defects.Deaf.Discharging.Other defects.Ringworm.Other disease.
  • Page -
    SUMMARY OF DEFECTS IN CHILDREN AS FOUND BY SCHOOL DOCTORS —continued.
    Scheme C. (130 Schools).Vision.Cleanliness.Clothing.Nutrition.Teeth.Throat and nose.Hearing and ears.Skin.Normal children.Other defects.
    Defective vision.Disease of eyes.1234512345123401o345Adenoids.Tonsils.Disease of nose.Other defects.Deaf.Discharging.Other defects.Ringworm.Other disease.
    12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334
  • Page -
    Annual Report of the London County Council, 1910. APPENDIX IV. COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICAL INSPECTION. •
    [All children in attendance at schools.Entrants, children aged 8-9, 12-13, and cases presented by teachers only.
    A 140 schools.B 123 schools.C 130 schools.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page -
    APPENDIX V. FORM M.O. 190.
    Defect.Number of children examined.rbmarks. (State age of urgent cases.)
    Boys.Girls.Infants.Urgent Cases.
    8-912-138-912—13Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.Infants.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX VI. GENERAL REPORTS ON 356 SCHOOL BUILDINGS WHERE MEDICAL INSPECTION WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE YEAR 1910.
    Departments.Sanitation.Lighting.Heating.Ventilation.Furniture.
    Artificial.Natural.
    Good.Fair.Bad.GoodFair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(10)
  • Page -
    APPENDIX VII. NUMBER OF CANDIDATES EXAMINED FOR THE PERMANENT SERVICE AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Status. 1No. Examined. 2No. of Examinations. 3Fit. 4Vaccination.Referred Back.Rejected. 16Withdrawn prior to ex ami nation or not yet reported. 17
    Not vaccinated. 5No marks. 6Want of cleanliness. 7Teeth. 8Vision. 9Heart. 10Vaccination. 11Sundry. 12For one defect. 13For two or more defects. 14Total. 15
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    APPENDIX VIII NUMBER OF COUNTY SCHOLARSHIP CANDIDATES EXAMINED AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Scholarships.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.Rejected.Withdrawn before re-examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Heart.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
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    APPENDIX IX. NUMBER OF TRADE SCHOLARSHIP CANDIDATES EXAMINED AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Designation of scholarship.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.RejectedWithdrawn prior to re-examinution or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Heart.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    1234567891011121314151617
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
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    APPENDIX X. NUMBER OF SPECIAL SCHOLARSHIP CANDIDATES EXAMINED AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Designation of scholarship.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back. •Rejected.Withdrawn prior to re-examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Heart.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    1234567891011121314151617
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F. |M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
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    Awards.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.Rejected.Withdrawn prior to re-examination or not yet reported.]
    Not vaccinated.No. marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Vaccination.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    1234567891011121314151617[/###
    Bursarsm.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.M.f.m.f.
    653538650164341310......133...16811247310...718118229 (3 for 3)2014718...4
    Domestic economy training...1...9...7...........................1...1...............2...• • •...2............
    Pupil teachers63207762716220115......171163981912...1110453 (1 for 3)(2 for 3)1361...313
    Pupil teachers, art536353........................1.....................1.........1...............
    Pupil teachers, handicraft10...12...9...........................3...1...............2...1...3.........1...
    Student teachers145454179552145444110...1111...521421230...41113385193494...7...3
    Training college students277744356926251721711...1130l184131234256510851601729 (2 for 3)1021891102513
    Totals5651,7687152,2625361,7171236...2481281212945613992263914941024 (1 for 3)83 (7 for 3)1734932282723
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    APPENDIX XII. TRAINING COLLEGES, PUPIL TEACHER CENTRES, SECONDARY AND TRADE SCHOOLS—DEFECTS NOTED ON MEDICAL EXAMINATION.
    Institutions.Number of Pupils.Defects.
    Roll.Returns analysed.Two or more defective teethVision.Throat and Nose.Ears.Heart.Lungs.Anaemia.Nutrition.Cleanliness.Back.General physique.
    DefectiveSuitable glasses.Unsuitable glasses.Strain.Hearing.Discharge.Round.Curvature.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)
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    APPENDIX XIII. RESULTS OF INQUIRIES INTO THE HISTORY OF 5,093 CHILDREN UNDER MEDICAL TREATMENT.
    Defect ofNo treatment obtained at time of revision.Stated to have been advised that no treatment needed.Treatment completed. Result satisfactory.Still under treatment.Treatment received, but symptoms recurred or not alleviated.Glasses fail to correct vision.Treatment received—no more can be done.Treatment incomplete, as children did not return. Still needed.Glasses prescribed but not yet obtained.Home and other treatment not under medical supervision.Left or absent, but history that treatment had been obtained.Left or absent—no history of treatment.
    Treatment still neededTreatment not now-needed.Symptoms unrelieved, treatment still needed.Symptoms alleviated.Treatment no longer needed.Treatment still necessary.
    Not commenced.Said to have been refused treatment at hospital.Absent. History of no treatment.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)
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    appendix xiv. housing accounts. A- HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE, WORKING CLASSES ACT 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES, ACT, 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    XI.-Balance Sheet, 31st March, 1911.
    liabilities.assets and capital outlay.
  • Page -
    B.-DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS (a).
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
  • Page -
    DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS.
    Dr.Cr.
    Expenditure.Income.
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    DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS.
    Dr.Cr.
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    Dr. C.—DWELLINGS UNDER THE HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890, AND IMPROVEMENT ACTS COMBINED. Dr.
    Expenditure.Income.
    I.—Revenue Account.
    (Apportionment calculated on basis of accommodation.)
    Millbank Estate (Westminster)—£.s.d.£s.d.Millbank Estate (Westminster)—£s.d.£s.d.
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    D.—DETAILS OF REVENUE ACCOUNT. I. —Housing of the W orking C lasses A ct, 1890.
    Dwellings.Income.Expenditure.Result ofYear's Working, 1910-11. Surplus ( + ). Deficiency (-).
    GrossRental.1 Deductions.NetRental.| Maintenance and Management.DebtCharges, transferredtoConsolidatedLoansFund.Total. (Columns 13 and 18.)
    Empties.Caretakers' Quarters.Amounts irrecoverable.Total.Supervision and Collection ofRent.RatesandTaxes.Lighting, Heating, Waterand Insurance.Stores and IncidentalsTransferto Repairsand Renewals Fund.Total.Interest.Sinking Fund.Total.
    Land.Buildings.Land.Buildings.
    1234567891 011121314151617181920
    Part I.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
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    E.—Percentages on gross rental of the several items of income expenditure in respect of dwellings in the detailed revenue account.
    Dwellings.Income.Expenditure.Result of Year's Working (excluding interest on cash balances).
    Gross Rental.Deductions.Maintenance and Management.Debt Charges.
    • Empties.Caretaker's Quarters.Amounts irrecoverable.Total.Net Rental.Supervision and Collection of Rent.RatesandTaxes.(c)Lighting, Heating,, Water and In- surance.Stores and Incidentals.Transfer to Repairs and Renewals Fund.Total.Interest, less taxSinking fund.Total.Total (cols. 13 and 18).Surplus.Deficiency.
    Land.Build- ings.Land.Build-ings.
    123456789101112131415161718192021
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    F.—SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS. L—Housing of the Working 1 classes act, 1890.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Accom-modation (persons) (a)Persons in occupation 31st March, 1911.Date of opening.Aggregate Capital Expenditure to 31st March, 1911.Aggregate Balance on Revenue Account, 1st April. 1910. Surplus ( + ) Deficiency (—).Result of Year's Working. Surplus ( + ) Deficiency (—) (page col. 20).Aggregate Balance on Revenue Account, 31st March, 1911. Surplus (+) Deficiency (—).Accumulations of Sinking Fund to 31st March, 1911, (excluding proceeds of Sales).Repairs and Renewals Fund.
    Unspent Accumulations on 1st April, 1910.| 1910-11.Unspent Accumulations on 31st March, 1911.
    Land.Buildings.Total.Transfers from Revenue Account (page col, (12)Actual Expenditure.Dirference,being further amount set aside.
    1234567891011121314151617
    Part I.£s.d.£s.d..£s.d.
    Boundary-streetBethnal Green and Shoreditch5,3804,4201895-190062,010275,5266337,5366£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
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    G.—DETAILS OF INVESTMENTS OF REPAIRS AND RENEWALS FUND
    Name of Stock.Amount of Stock.Cost Price.Market Value, 31st March, 1911 (after deducting accrued interest).
    Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890.Dwellings (Improvement Acts).Total.
    Part I.Part II.Part III.Total.
    London County Consolidated—£s.d.£s.d.£8.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.££
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    H.—CONTRIBUTIONS FROM AND TO RATES.
    YearHousing of the Working Classes Act, 1890.(Improvement Acts).Total.
    Part I.Part II.Part III.
    Dwellings.Estates in course of development.
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    APPENDIX XV. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ON CLEARANCE SCHEMES UNDER THE HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890.
    Clearance Scheme.Date of Act sanctioning Scheme.Capital Expenditure to 31st March, 1911.
    Gross.Receipts applied to Capital Expenditure.Net. (a)
    Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890. Part I.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
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    Clearance scheme or street improvement.Commercial value (estimated).Housing value. (Cash received from Dwellings Companies.)Difference charged to clearance scheme or improvement, (cost of writing down value of cleared site.)Dwellings.Commercial value. (Estimated.)Housing value. (Estimated.) Amounts charged to Dwellings Accounts.Difference charged to clearance scheme or improvement (cost of writing down value of cleared site).
    Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890.Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890.
    Part I.—Clearance Schemes.£££Part I.£££
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    APPENDIX XVII. HOUSING STATISTICS. A.—Number of Tenements Comprised in the Dwellings in Occupation on 31st March, 1910, together with Particulars of the Dwellings Opened between that date and 31st March, 1911.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenements.Total rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.StablesSheds.Cupboards[/###
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms3 rooms with additional small bedroom.4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
    Total number of tenements, etc., in occupation on 31st March, 1910..• •(o) 1913,4583,492(b) 159774(c)4621 38,53923,5651,84648,97110297• 1219217
    Dwellings opened during the year 1st April, 1910, to 31st March, 1911—
    Totterdown Fields Estate— Church-laneWandsworthJune, 1910• •• •• •• •• •10• •1050• •100• •• •• •• •• •
    Coteford-streetOct. & Nov., 1910• •• •2422• •• •• •46149• •298• •• •• •• •
    Derinton-road fApl., 1910• •• •22• •• •• •• •2266• •132• •• •• •• •
    Lessingham-avenueJune & July, 1910• •• •• •42• •• •42168• •336• •• •• •• •I • •
    Okeburn-roadMar. to Jan., 1911• •• •• •38• •• •• •38133• •266• •• •• •• •
    46604910158566lt1329
    Norbury Estate—Croydon!••••••• ••••••• • «
    Bavant-roadJune & Aug., 1910• •• •464• •• •14• •• •98• •• •• •• •• •
    Newlands-roadJune, 1910• •A A• •101• •■ a1139a A78• •• •• •A A
    Norton-gardensOct., 1910• •m w • •• ••• •4• •..416• •32• •• •• •w W• •
    Tylecroft-roadJune, 1910 to Jan., 1911'• •• 9263816• •• •80275• •550• •• •..• •• •
    305425109379758
    White Hart-lane Estate— Awlfield-avenueTottenhamApl., 1910• •• •• •• •16• •• •1664• •128• •• •• •• •• •
    Baliol-roadJuly, 1910 to Jan., 1911• •• •29• •• •• •• •2987• •174• •• •• •• •• •
    Benington-roadFeb., 1911• •• •• •• •12• •• •1248• •96• •• •• •• •• •
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    B.—Accommodatio n Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1911.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementsTotal rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.Stables.Sheds.Cupboards
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
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    B — Accommodation Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1911— {continued).
    • Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementsTotal rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.StablesSheds.Cupboards.
    1 room.2 rooms.i * 3 rooms. 1 *3 rooms rith small j additional bedroom.[ rooms«3 rooms (t 3 rooms
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    B.—Accommodation Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1911— (continued).
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementsTotal rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Work-shops.StablesSheds.Cupboards.
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
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    C.—Rents Charged at the Council 's d wellings.
    Dwellings.Borough.Rent per week of tenements.Rent _per night of cubicles.Rent per week of s. workshops.Rent per week of stables._Rent per week of sheds.Rent per week of cupboards.Gross rent per annum on 31st March, 1911.
    1 room.2 rooms.3 room-.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms.5 rooms.6 rooms.
    £s.d.
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    D.—Accommodation Provided in the Council's Dwellings, and the Gross Rent per annum on 31st March, 1893, and each subsequent Year.
    Year.Tenements.Rooms.Cubicles.Persons provided for.Gross annual rent.
    £s.d.
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    E.—Number of Persons Rehoused by the Council a f ter being Displaced by Improvement or Clearance Schemes.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Number of displaced persons re-housed.
    Before 31st March, 1910.During year 1910-11.Total.
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    F.—Number of Tenants who Vacated their Tenements during the Year 1910-1911 and Number of Tenants who were Transferred to other Tenements in the Council's Dwellings.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Number of tenementsNumber of vacations, excluding transfers.Number of Transfers.
    Tenant's notice.Council's notice.Total.Percentage.
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    G . Percentage of Total Outgoings for Maintenance on the Rent Receivable for the last Five Years.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.1906-7.1907-8.1908-9.1909 101910-11.
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    H. Population of the Council's Dwellings According to the Census taken in March, 1911.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Accommodation.Number of persons in occupation (including children).Number of children under 14 years of age in dwellings.
    Tenements.Rooms.Boys.Girls.
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    k. .—Particulars of Cases of Infectious Diseases Reported by Superintendents and Caretakers as having been removed from the councils dwellings during the year ended 31st March, 1911.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Erysipelas.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Typhoid. 1Diphtheria.Chicken-pox.
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    L.—Particulars of Births and Deaths in the Council's Dwellings during the Year ended 31st March, 1911. (a)
    Dwellings.Borough.Births.Deaths.
    Total.Deaths occurring in the dwellings.Deaths of residents occurring in institutions.Total.