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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Walthamstow 1935

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Walthamstow]

Published
1936
Pages
154
Tables
121

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121 tables in this report

  • Page 7
    The following data refer to the whole Exchange Area.
    Date.No. Men.remaining on Women.Register. Total 1935.Total 1934.Amount of benefit paid during month. £
  • Page 8
    Mr. Dempsey states that the following were the registrations at the Juvenile Employment Bureau:—
    Fresh Applications—Boys.Girls.Total.
  • Page 9
    Death-rate of infants under one year of age:—
  • Page 10
    (Provisional Figures based on Weekly and Quarterly Returns.)
    England and Wales.121 County Boroughs and Great Towns (including London)140 Smaller Towns (Resident Populations 25.000 to 50,000 at 1931 Census).London Administrative County.Walthamstow
  • Page 11
    Continued from previous page...
    Causes of Death.Net Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents whether occurring within or without the district.WARDS
    All Ages.Under 1 year1 and under 2 years2 and under 5 years5 and under 15 years15 and under 25 years25 and under 45 years45 and under 65 years65 years and upwardsSt. James StreetHigh StreetHoe StreetWood StreetHale EndHigham Hill
    1MF345678910
  • Page 14
    The attendances have been as follows:—
    New Cases.Total Attendances.
  • Page 16
    The following operations were performed by Miss-Basden at the South London Hospital for Women for-patients referred from the Clinic:—
    Diagnosis.No.Operation.
  • Page 17
    The following figures show the progress of the Hospital during 1935, as compared with the previous year:—
    In-Patients.Out-Patients.
    No. Admitted.Average stay.Daily Average.New. Cases.Attendances.
  • Page 20
    Sanitary Inspection of the Area. Mr. M. E. Duncan, Chief Sanitary Inspector, reports as follows:—
    No. of Inspections made.No. of nuisances detected.No. of complaints received.No. of Informal Notices.No. of Statutory Notices served.Total Visits.
    Served.Complied with.
  • Page 22
    Infectious Disease.
  • Page 28
    Bacteriological and chemical analyses were carried out on four occasions with the results given in the following table (samples 4-7), from which it will be noted that all the four samples were quite satisfactory.
    Number of Samples.MUNICIPAL BATHS.KINGFISHERS POOL.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
    24.6.358.7.3522.8.3524.6.358.7.3525.7.3522.8.35
  • Page 39
    TABLE I. Number of Forms B completed—2,354.
    Ward.No. of houses enumerated.No. of houses overcrowded.% houses overcrowded.No. of familiesNo. of families overcrowded.% families overcrowded.Empty Houses.
  • Page 40
    The following table has been compiled from Form C relating to the whole of the Borough by adding the numbers appearing on the lines of the form and falling below the diagonal line:—
    Number of Rooms required.1234567Total.
  • Page 40
    Existing accommodation to be vacated by rehousing of overcrowded families.
    No. of Rooms in Dwelling.One.Two.Three.Four.Five.Six.
  • Page 41
    TABLE IV. Estimated Accommodation in houses wholly or partly empty at date of Survey.
    No. of Rooms.Private Houses.Rooms over Business Premises
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.Total.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
  • Page 42
    TABLE V. Nett New Housing Requirements.
    1. Rooms per House.One.Two.ThreeFour.Five.Six.Seven.Eight & over.
  • Page 42
    TABLE VI. The following table shows the overcrowded families occupying the number of rooms shown, and the total units of population in each family:-
    Families.Units of Pop.Families.Units of Pop
  • Page 43
    The following Tables show the results of the 1935 Survey-compared with those of the 1931 Census:—
  • Page 43
    Distribution of Private Families according to Number of Rooms occupied (compared with 1931 Census).
    Units of Occupation (rooms)1935 Survey.1931 Census.
  • Page 43
    Distribution of Private Families according to Number of Persons-in Family (compared with 1931 Census).
    No. of persons in family.1935 Survey.1931 Census.
  • Page 44
    Private families per occupied dwelling.
    1935.1931.1921.
  • Page 44
    Distribution of Private Families according to Number of Persons in Family.
    No. of "persons" in family.No. of Private Families.Distribution per cent.
    1935.1931.1921.1935.1931.1921.
  • Page 45
    The samples taken are summarised below.
    Grade of Milk.No. of Samples.No. tested for T.B.
  • Page 50
    Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Occupiers Prosecuted.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 51
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.No. of offences in respect to which Prosecutions were inst[]ituted.
    Found.RemediedReferred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 51
    NUMBER AND TRADES OF OUTWORKERS NOTIFIED DURING 1935.
  • Page 52
    Outworkers were notified from the following areas:—
  • Page 52
    General. —The accompanying tables show the age and ward incidence of the various infectious diseases which are discussed separately in later pages of the Report:—
    Disease.All ages.Under 1 yr.1—5 yrs.5—15 yrs.15—25 yrs.25—45 yrs.45—65 yrs.65 & over
  • Page 53
    Continued from previous page...
    Disease.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.Totals
  • Page 53
    The Registrar-General gives the statistics for the 52 weeks ended 28th December,, 1935, and these are given in the following table, together with the case rates per 1,000 population both for England and Wales and for Walthamstow:
    Disease.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Enteric Fever.Pneumonia.Puerperal Fever.Puerperal Pyrexia.Erysipelas.
  • Page 53
    The rates for Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia are better expressed in relation to the number of births (i.e., live and stillbirths) registered than to population. When calculated on this basis the rates are:—
    Puerperal Fever.Puerperal Pvrexia.
  • Page 54
    Continued from previous page...
    Disease.Total.Removed to Hospital.Per cent, removed to Hospital.Deaths.Deaths per cent, of cases notified.
  • Page 60
    The following numbers of diphtheria swabs were examined during 1935:—
    Swabs.Negative.Positive.Totals.
  • Page 61
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.All Ages.Under l yr.1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65 & over.
  • Page 62
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:—
    Month.All Ages.Under 1 yr.1-5 yrs.5-15 yrs.15-25 yrs.25-45 yrs.45-65 yrs.65 & over.
  • Page 63
    Continued from previous page...
    Month.St James' StreetHigh Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 64
    The table below shows the number of immune (i.e., Schick negative and protected) persons each year, diphtheria notifications, attack rates and mortality:—
    Year.No. immunised + Schick neg.Notified cases.Attack rate per 1,000 population.Deaths.Percentage of deaths to notifications.
  • Page 64
    ENTERIC FEVER. Four cases were notified.
    No.Ward.Age.Date of Notification.Diagnosis. ParaWhere treated.Result.
  • Page 64
    The tables following show the incidence by months, ages and wards. Most of the cases removed to Hospital received treatment at Whipps Cross Hospital:—
    Month.All ages.Under 1 year1-5 years.5-15 years.15-25 years.25-45 years.45-65 years.65 & over.
  • Page 65
    Continued from previous page...
    Month.St. James Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale EndHigham Hill.
  • Page 66
    The following tables show the incidence by months, ages and wards:-
    Month.All ages.Under 1 year1-5 years.5-15 years.15-25 years.25-45 years.45-65 years.65 & over.
  • Page 67
    CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. Four cases were notified:—
    No.Ward.Age.Date of Notification.How notified.Result. (i.e., recovered or died).
  • Page 67
    ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS. Five cases were notified:—
    No.Ward.Age.Date of Notification.How notified.Result. (i.e., recovered or died).
  • Page 67
    ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA. Two cases were notified:—
    No.Ward.Age.Date of Notification.How notified.Remarks.
  • Page 68
    In addition, there were 236 cases of Measles reported by Head Teachers, and mainly in school children of 5-14 years.
    Month.Total.Under 1 yr.1-5 yrs.St. James' St.High St.Hoe St.Wood St.Hale End.Higham Hill.
  • Page 69
    The table given below shows particulars of new cases of Tuberculosis and of all deaths from the disease in the Borough during 1935:—
    Age Periods.New Cases.Deaths.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
  • Page 69
    The returns for the past two years are compared below:-
    Year.New Cases.Total.Deaths.Total.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 70
    The periods elapsing between notification and death, and the number of cases not notified were as follows:—
    Under 3 months.3 to 6 months.6 to 9 months.9 to 12 months.Over 12 months.Not Notified.Notified after death.
    Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.Pul.Non-Pul.
  • Page 70
    The table given below shows the number of cases on the Register at the beginning and end of 1935:—
    PulmonaryTotal.Non-PulmonaryTotal.Grand Total.
    M.F.M.F
  • Page 70
    One hundred and seventy-four removals from the Register were made up as follows:—
    Deaths.Removals.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 71
    Treatment is given under the Essex County Council's Scheme. The admissions to Hospital during 1935 were:—
    Pulmonary.Non-PulmonaryTotal.
    M.F.M.F.
  • Page 73
    Financial Statement. —A financial statement for the year vended 31st March, 1935, is given below:— LOAN CHARGES.
    Amount of Loan outstanding on 31st March,£s.d.
  • Page 73
    The following table shows the admissions, discharges and deaths during 1935:—
    Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Other Diseases.Tuberculosis.Totals.
  • Page 74
    DAILY AVERAGE NUMBER OF PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL. (including Tuberculosis cases.)
  • Page 75
    AGE AND SEX OF PATIENTS ADMITTED DURING 1935
    Disease.Under 5 years.5—10 years.10—15 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F
  • Page 75
    AGE AND SEX AT DEATH.
    Disease.Under 5 years.5—10 years.10—15 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 76
    MONTHLY ADMISSIONS OF DIPHTHERIA CASES.
    Month.Under 5 years.5—10 years.10—15 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
    M.F.' M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 77
    MONTHLY ADMISSIONS OF SCARLET FEVER CASES.
    Month.Under 5 years.5—10 years.10-15 years.Over 15 years.Total.Total.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.MF.
  • Page 78
    Number of Outside Authorities' Cases and Nature:—
    Diphtheria.Scarlet Fever.Total.
  • Page 79
    The County Medical Officer has kindly furnished the following return of patients treated in the Tuberculosis Pavilion during 1935
    Classification in accordance with Ministry of Health Memorandum 37.T. (Rev.).In Hospital on 1st January, 1935.Admitted during year.Discharged during year.Died during year.In Hospital 31st Dec. 1935.
  • Page 80
    which represents a yearly average of 25.2 inches over the thirty years.
    Jan.Feb.Mar.AprilMayJuneJulyAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.Year.
  • Page 85
    2. REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS. The Registrar-General's returns show the following registrations during the calendar year:—
    (a) Live Births.Males.FemalesTotals.
  • Page 86
    Of the 1,628 local registrations, 171 are excluded, leaving a net total of 1,457, which are allocated to the Wards as follows:—
    Births Registered Locally, 1935.St. James' Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham Hill.Totals.Grand Total.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 87
    3. INFANT MORTALITY. The deaths of infants under one year of age were:—
    Males.Females.Totals.
  • Page 87
    Infant Deaths Neo-Natal Mortality and Stillbirths:—
    Year.Live BirthsBirth RateStillbirths.Neo Natal DeathsInfant Deaths.
    No.per 1000 live birthsper 1000 populationNo.per 1000 live birthsNo.per 1000 live births
  • Page 88
    SUMMARY, 1935. Causes of Death of Children under 1 year of age.
    Cause of Death.Under 1 week1-2 weeks2-3 weeks3-4 weeksTotal under 4 weeks4 weeks and under 3 months3 months and under 6 months6 months and under 9 months9 months and under 12 monthsTotal Deaths under 1 year.WARDS.
    St. James StreetHigh StreetHoe StreetWood StreetHale EndHigham Hill
  • Page 89
    The following table gives a list of the current Ante-Natal and Welfare Clinics:— MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE CLINICS.
  • Page 89
  • Page 90
    Continued from previous page...
    WARD.How Fed.Sleeping Accommodation.Condition of Baby.Accommodation
    Breast.Breast and Hand.Hand.With Mother.Cot or Cradle.Good.Fair.Bad.Whole House.Flat.Half-house.3 Rooms.2 Rooms.1 Room.
  • Page 91
    The following table shows the number and nature of visits paid in Wards during 1935:—
    WARD.Visits to Children under 1 year.Visits to Children 1-5 yearsGrand Total.Unsuccessful Visits.Visits to Nurse Children.Ante-Natal VisitsOther Visits.Total Visits.
    First.Re-visits.Total.Not at home.Dead.Removed.Visits re Milk Scheme.First Visit.Subsequent VisitsTotal Visits.
    123456789101112Cols. 5-12.
  • Page 93
    SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCES AT WELFARE CENTRES.
    Centre.First Attendances of new cases.Re-attendances.
    Under 1 yr. of age1—5 yrs. of age.Total.Under l yr. of age.1—5 yrs. of age.Total.Grand Total.
  • Page 93
    Sale of Milk, etc., at Clinics. — The quantity and value of milk and food sold and issued free during 1935 was as follows:—
    Sales.Value.FreeIssue.
    Lbs.ozs.£s.d.Lbs.ozs.
  • Page 94
    Defects seen at Orthopedic Clinic in Children under 5 Years of Age.
  • Page 94
    Admissions to Brookfield Orthopedic Hospital. (Under 5 Years of Age.)
  • Page 94
    Number and Classification of Operations, at Brookfield Orthopedic Hospital. (Under 5 Years of Age.)
    Tenotomy—Osteotomy—
  • Page 94
  • Page 95
    Continued from previous page...
    Mothers.Children under 5.
  • Page 98
    CLINICS.
    First Attendances of New CasesRe-Attendances.Grand Total.
    Under 1 yr.1—5 yrs.Total.Under l yr.1—5 yrs.Total.
  • Page 98
    SPECIAL TREATMENT, ETC.
    Attendances at Lectures.Massage Treatments.Sunlight Treatments.Total cases admitted to Observation Ward.Local Authority's cases admitted to Observation Ward.
  • Page 98
    HOME VISITS.
    Visits to Children under 1 year.Visits to Children 1—5 years.Grand Total.
    First.SubsequentTotal.
  • Page 99
    ATTENDANCES AT CLINICS.
    First Attendances.Re-attendances.Grand Total.
    Under 1 year of age.1—5 years of age.Total.Under 1 year of age.1—5 years of age.Total.
  • Page 99
    HOME VISITS.
    To Children under 1 year of ageTo Children 1—5 years of age.Total.
  • Page 101
    Of the 6,051 applications, approximately 47 per cent. were from families where the father was unemployed.
    Scale.Amount.Approximate Cost to Authority.
    £s.d.
  • Page 103
    The lecturers were as follows : —
  • Page 104
    The table below gives particulars in respect of each case :—
    No.Diagnosis.Where treated.Infant.
  • Page 105
    The conditions for which Medical Aid was summoned by Midwives in domiciliary practice have been summarised and were as follows :—
    Ante-Natal.Labour.
  • Page 106
    The Walthamstow rates are set out in comnarison : —
    Area.Per 1,000 live and still-births.
    Puerperal Fever.Puerperal Pyrexia.Total.
  • Page 107
    The notifications and rates for Walthamstow for the past five years have been as follows :— Per 1,000 Total Births (Live and Still).
    Year.Puerperal Fever.Puerperal Pyrexia.Total.
    No.Rate.No.Rate.No.Rate.
  • Page 108
    PUERPERAL FEVER AND PYREXIA INCIDENCE, 1935 (Excluding Maternity Home).
    No. of case.Fever or Pyrexia.Date of Notification.Date Notification Received.Age.Ward.Facilities requisitioned as per notification.Date of Birth or MiscarriageCnset of Pyrexia.Date removed to Hospital.Remarks.
  • Page 109
    14. OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. The number of cases notified during the last two years were : —
    Year.Totals.St. James' Street.High Street.Hoe Street.Wood Street.Hale End.Higham. Hill.
  • Page 109
    The net result is to alter the maternal mortality rates for 1934 as follows :—
    Births Registered.Deaths of Women due to Pregnancy and Child-Bearing.
    WALTHAMSTOW.England and Wales.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Rates per 1,000 Births Registered.Rates per 1,000 Births Registered.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.
  • Page 110
    The following table shows the maternal mortality rates for 1935 (calculated on five deaths) :—
    Births Registered.Deaths of Women due to Pregnancy and Child- Bearing.
    WALTHAMSTOW.England and Wales.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Rates per 1,000 Births Registered.Rates per 1,000 Births Registered.
    Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.Puerperal Sepsis.Other Puerperal Causes.Total.
  • Page 110
    The following table sets out the maternal mortality, stillbirth, and neo-natal death rates for the past five years. The normal expectation is that these three rates should show correlation
    Rate (per 1,000 live births)1935.1934.1933.1932.1931.
  • Page 111
    DEATHS DUE TO PREGNANCY AND CHILDBEARING AND ASSOCIATED THEREWITH.
    Case No.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death and Classification.Age.Ward.Circumstances.Pregnancy.Ante-Natal Care.Physical Condition.Date of Confinement or Abortion.Doctor called.Admission to Hospital.Remarks.
    Prev.Duration ofDoctorMidwife.
  • Page 117
    Ante-Natal Supervision.
    19351934
  • Page 118
    In- Patient Treatment.
  • Page 118
    Summary of Ante-Natal Cases Admitted to the Maternity Home.
    No. of Cases.No. of Cases.
  • Page 119
    Conditions Chiefly Natal. Presentations :—
    Vertex.Primiparse.Multipara.No. of Cases
  • Page 120
    MEDICAL AID NOTICES. In 293 cases medical aid was sought by midwives in the Home. During the first three months these cases were treated by General Practitioners; in the later months by the Resident Medical Officer.
    No. of Cases.No. of Cases.
  • Page 122
    CASES OF ALBUMINURIA ADMITTED FOR TREATMENT.
    Case No.Parity.Age.Past History.Onset of Symptoms.Oedema.HeadachesAlbumen.Maximum Blood Pressure.Blood Urea.No. of days in home before Labour or Discharge.Maturity when DeliveredType of Delivery.Result.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 123
    ECLAMPSIA (2 Cases).
    Case No.AgeParityPast History.No. of Fits.AlbumenCEdemaHeadaches.Eye Signs.Maximum Blood Pressure.No. of Days in Home before labourMaturity when Delivered.Type of Delivery.Result to
    before Admission.Total.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 123
    PLACENTA PREVIA (3 Cases). ANTE PARTUM HHEMORRHAGE.
    Case No.AgeParityMaturity.Condition on Admission.Variety.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 124
    TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF POSTERIOR POSITION OF THE VERTEX.
    Method of Treatment.Number of Cases.Results.
    L.Child. S.B.D.
  • Page 125
    POSTERIOR POSITION OF VERTEX.
    No.Age of Patient.Parity.Method of Treatment.Duration of Labour.Weight of Infant.Result Child.
    1st stage.2nd stage.3rd stage.
    Hrs.Mins.Hrs.Mins.Hrs.Mins.Lbs.Ozs.
  • Page 126
    BREECH DELIVERY. An uncomplicated breech is one where an additional risk to the life of the foetus is not present, e.g., such conditions as locked twins, ante-partum haemorrhage or prematurity.
    (a) Uncomplicatec cases, 21.1 (b) Complicated cases, 8.
    Stillbirths.Infant Deaths.Stillbirths.Infant Deaths.
  • Page 126
    UNCOMPLICATED BREECH PRESENTATIONS.
    No.Age of Patient.ParityMethod of Delivery.Result. Child.Remarks.
  • Page 127
    COMPLICATED BREECH DELIVERY..
    No.Age of Patient.Parity.Complications.Method of Delivery.Result. Child.Cause of Still-birth or Infant Death and Remarks.
  • Page 128
    TWINS.
  • Page 129
    CESAREAN SECTION. Caesarean Section was performed six times.
    No. of Cases.Indication.Mother.Child.
    L.D.L.S.B.D.
  • Page 129
    There was one maternal death and one still-birth. Multiple myomectomy was performed in the fatal case. A detailed report is included under Maternal Deaths. C/ESAREAN SECTION.
    No.Age of PatientParity.Indication.Weight of Infant.Result.
    Mother.Child.
  • Page 130
    CONTRACTED PELVIS (including relative disproportion between the Pelvis and the Foetal Head).
    No.Age of PatientParity.Method of Delivery.Duration of Labour.Weight of Infant.Result. Child.Remarks.
    1st Hrs.Stage. Mins.2nd Hrs.Stage. M.ns.3rd Hrs.Stage. Mins.
  • Page 132
    FORCEPS DELIVERY.
    No.Age of Patient.Parity.Indication.Duration of Labour.Weight of Infant.Result. Child.Remarks.
    1st stage.2nd stage3rd stage.
  • Page 133
    LACERATIONS OF THE PERINEUM.
  • Page 133
    POST-PARTUM HEMORRHAGE.
    Case No.AgeParity.Character of Labour.Predisposing Cause.Treatment.
  • Page 136
    PUERPERAL PYREXIA. Booked Cases.
    No.Date of Notification.Age.Gravida.Ante-Natal Condition.Type of Labour.Method of Delivery.Onset of Pyrexia.Duration.Cause.Remarks.
  • Page 137
    INFANTS.
    Total.Per cent.
  • Page 138
    CAUSES OF STILLBIRTHS (22 Cases). FULL TERM. PREMATURE.
    Recent.Macerated.RecentMacerated.
  • Page 138
    CAUSES OF INFANT DEATHS.
    FULL TERM.PREMATURE.
  • Page 139
    FULL TERM (16 Cases). STILLBlRTHS.
    No.Sex.Method of Delivery.Maternal Complications.Cause of Death.Recent or Macerated.Remarks.
  • Page 140
    PREMATURE. STILLBIRTHS.
    No.Sex.Maturity.Method of Delivery.Maternal Complications.Cause of Death.Recent or Macerated.
  • Page 141
    INFANT DEATHS.
    No.Month.Maternal Complications.Method of Delivery.Maturity of Infant.Sex.Birth Weight.Duration of life.Cause of Death.PostMortem.