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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Islington 1915

Sixtieth annual report on the health and sanitary condition of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington

Published
1916
Author
Harris, Alfred Edwin.
Pages
146
Tables
161

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161 tables in this report

  • Page 2
    T able I. Showing the Areas, Densities, and Estimated Populations of the Sub-registration Districts at the middle of the year 1914.
    Sub-Districts.Area in AcresEstimated Acres to a person, 1914Estimated Persons to an Acre, 1914.Estimated Population Mid-year 1914Population at Census 1911.Increase or Decrease on Census.
  • Page 3
    Table II. Showing the number of Persons Married and the Marriage Rates in each quarter of 1915 and in 1914.
    Quarters.No. persons married.Persons married per 1,000 inhabitants.
    1915.1914.1915.*1914.
  • Page 4
    Table III. Showing the Births ( distinguishing Males and Females) and Birth-rates of Islington in 1915, and in the four quarters of the year and of the County of London and the Great Towns during the same period; also in the year 1914 ; together with the mean Borough Birth-rates for the years 1905-1914.
    Quarter.Males.Females.Total.Birth Rates.
    Islington, 1915.Islington 1905-14.London, 191596 Great Towns, 1915.
  • Page 5
    Table IV. Showing the Births of Mala and Females in each quarter and for the year, 1915, and in the several Sub-registration Districts.
    Tufnell.Upper Holloway.Tollington.Lower Holloway.Highbury.Barnsbury.Islington South-East.The Borough
    Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 6
    The number of illegitimate births in the borough since 1841 is shown in the following statement: —
    Periods.Illegitimate births.total births.Illegitimate births per 100 registered births.
  • Page 6
    In the preceding years the figures were as follows:—
    Births.Notifications.Failures to notify.Per cent. notified.Per cent. of Failures to notify.
  • Page 7
    The following statement shows by whom the notifications were made since the Act came into operation:—
    By Medical Practitioners.By Midwives.By Parents and other Persons.Total Notifications.
  • Page 7
    Stillborn Births.
    1915.Doctors.Notified by Certified Midwives.Others.Total.1914
  • Page 8
    Table V. Showing the Deaths and Death-Rates of Islington in 1915, ami in the four quarters of the year, and of the County of London and the Great Towns during the same period, the mean Borough Death-Rates for the years 1905-14, and the deaths and death-rates in the year 1914.
    Quarter.Males.Females.Total.Death Rates.
    Islington, 1915.Islington, 1905-14.London, 1915.96 Great Towns, 1915.
  • Page 9
    Locally the Deaths from All Causes in the Sub registration Districts were as follows:—
    Sub-Districts.Quarters.The Year.
    1234
  • Page 9
    In the Wards the Death Returns were as follows :—
    Wards.Quarters.The Year.
    1234
  • Page 10
    Table VI. Showing the Deaths and Death-Rates from All Causes for each Quarter since 1888. (The Lowest Death Rate in each quarter since 1888 is printed in heavy type.)
    Years.QUARTERS.
    First.Second.Third.Fourth.Year.
    DeathsDeath Rates.DeathsDeath Rates.DeathsDeath Rates.DeathsDeath Rates.DeathsDeath Rates.
  • Page 11
    Table VII. Showing the Ages at Death during the Years 1905—1914 and in 1915.
    Years.AGES.Totals.
    0-11—5All under 5 yrs.5—1515—2525—3535—4545—5555—6565—7575—8585 upwardsAll above 5 yrs.
  • Page 12
    Table VIII. Showing the Deaths ( arranged in Classes) from All Causes, in the Ten Years 1905-14, and in 1915.
    Classified Causes of Death.Years.Corrected Mean 10 years.1915Difference.
    1905190619071908190919101911191219131914
  • Page 14
    TABLE IX. Shoving the Deaths among Infants per 1,000 Births during the year 1915, and also the mortality rates for the years 1905-14.
    Sub-Districts.1905.1906.1907.19081909.1910.1911.1912.1913.1914.Mean 1905-14.1915.Increase or decrease on mean.
  • Page 15
    TABLE X. Showing the Mortality per 1 ,000 Births among Infants under one year of age in the three years 1901-03; in the ten years 1905-14; and in 1915 from certain specified causes.
    Causes of Death.Mean rate of 3 years 1901-2-3 per 1,000 Births.1915.Mean rate 10 years 1905-14 per 1,000 Births
  • Page 16
    TABLE XI. Particulars of Investigations into the Deaths of Infants from Diarrhœa during the seven years 1909-1
    Ages of Infants in three-monthly periods.Total under twelve months.Total for 7 years.
    0—3.3—6.6-9.9-12.
    1909191019111912191319141915190919101911191219131914191519091910191119121913191419151909191019111912191319141915 |1909191019111912191319141915 11909 15
  • Page 17
    Table XI.— continued.
    Ages of Infants in three-monthly periods.Total under twelve months.Total for 7 years.
    0—3.3—6.6—9.9—12.
    190919101911191219131914191519091910191119121913191419151909191019111912191319141915|190919101911191219131914191519091910191119121913191419151909 15
  • Page 18
    XII. Summary of Investigations into the Deaths of Infants from Diarrhoea during the seven years 1909-15.
    Ages of Infants in three-monthly periods.Total under twelve months.
    0—3.3—6.6-9.9-12.
  • Page 19
    TABLE XIII. Showing the Ages at Death of Children under [one year of age and the Deaths at the several periods per 1,000 Births during io years (1906-1915).
    Ages at DeathDeaths.Deaths per 1,000 Births
    1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.1912.1913.1914.1915.Total 10 years.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.1912.1913.1914.1915.Total 10 years.
  • Page 20
    Table XIV. Showing the Deaths of Infants under a year old, the Infantile Mortality Rate in each Quarter and in each Year and in Quinquennia since 1885.
    Years.QUARTERS.ANNUAL Deaths & Mortality.
    First.Second.Third.Fourth.
    Deaths under 1 year.Deaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths under 1 year.Deaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths under 1 year.Deaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths under 1 year.Deaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths under 1 year.Deaths per 1,000 Births.
  • Page 21
    Table XV. Shtwing the Chief Causes oj Infantile Mortality in the fifteen years, 1900-1914 and in 1915.
    Cause of DeathYears.Mean 15 years.1915Difference.
    190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914
  • Page 22
    In the boroughs surrounding Islington, the infantile mortality rates were as follows:—
  • Page 23
    T able XVI. Showing the Deaths from the principal Epidemic Diseases for the Thirty years 1885-1914 and in 1915, together with Death-rates for the total deaths.
    Years.Small Pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Whooping Cough.Typhus Fever.Enteric Fever.Simple and Undefined Fevers.Diarrhœal Diseases.Totals.Death-Rate.
  • Page 24
    T able XVII. Showing the Corrected Mean Number of Deaths from the Principal Epidemic Diseases 1885-1914 and in 1915.
    Diseases.Corrected Average Number of Deaths 1885-1914.1915.Decrease.
  • Page 24
    The deaths in the Sub-Registration Districts arising from Epidemic Diseases were as follows:—
    1st Qr.Deaths.4th Qr.Year.
    2nd Qr.3rd Qr.
  • Page 26
    T able XVIII. Showing the Deaths from each oj the Principal Epidemic Diseases in the several Wards and Sub- Registration Districts during the Year 1915.
    SUB-REGISTRATION DISTRICTS.WARDS.Enteric FeverSmall Pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Whooping Cough.Diphtheria.Diarrhoea.Totals.
    Deaths.Deaths.Deaths.Deaths.Deaths.Deaths.Deaths.Deaths.
  • Page 27
    Table XIX. Shewing the Deaths from Diarrhœal Diseases together with those classed under Enteritis and its sub-headings, arranged in quarterly periods, and at three groups of ages.
    Ages.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.The Year
    Diarrhœa.Enteritis, etc.Totals.Diarrhœa.Enteritis, etc.Totals.DiarrhœaEnteritis, etc.Totals.Diarrhœa.Enteritis, etc.Totals.DiarrhœaEnteritis, etc.Totals.
  • Page 28
    INFLUENZA. During the year Influenza caused 71 deaths, which is an increase of 18 on the corrected average of the preceding ten years 1905-14; and 41 on the return for the year 1914. The record of deaths since 1856 are given below in quinquennial periods:—
    Quinquennia.Deaths.Average number of Deaths per annum.
  • Page 28
    The statement, which follows, gives the ages at which the persons who suffered from Influenza died.
    Average. 1900.
    Ages.900.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.1912.1913.19141914.1915.
  • Page 29
    Table XX. Showing the Deaths from Influenza in the Quarters of the Year 1915, together with the corrected averages of the corresponding periods 1905-1914.
    Years.Quarters.Totals
    First.Second.Third.Fourth.
  • Page 30
    APPENDICITIS. This disease caused 19 deaths, which equal the number recorded in 1914, but are 3 below the average (22.) in the preceding decennium. The ages at which people died from the disease is shown in the following statement:—
    Ages.19051906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.19121913.Average
    1914.1905-14.1915.
  • Page 31
    The returns for the last eleven years are given below:—
    Years.Deaths.Deaths per 1,000 births
  • Page 31
    Table XXI. Showing the Deaths from Puerperal Fever per 1,000 Births in the Sub-Districts for each Quarter and the Year 1915.
    Sub-districts1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Year.
    Deaths.Deaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths.Deaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths.Deaths per 1,000 Births.DeathsDeaths per 1,000 Births.Deaths.Deaths per 1,000 Births
  • Page 32
    It will be seen from the following statement that these deaths have averaged 1,023 during the preceding ten years, and represented a death-rate of 311 per 1,000 inhabitants.
    Year.Deaths.Death Rates.
  • Page 33
    The appended tabular statement gives the number of deaths at ten age periods during the past eleven years:—
    Ages.190519061907.1908.1909.1910.1911.1912.1913.1914.Average.
    1905-19141915.
  • Page 33
    T able XXII. Showing the Deaths from Cancer or Malignant Disease in the several Sub-Districts during the Quarters and the Year 1915.
    Quarters.Tufnell.Upper Holloway.Tollington.Lower Holloway.Highbury.Barnsbury.Islington, South-EastThe Borough.
  • Page 34
    The number of deaths from tuberculosis in each year for the preceding ten years has been as follows:—
    Year.Deaths.Death Rates.
  • Page 34
    Pulmonary Phthisis.—To this disease 496 deaths were ascribed, as contrasted with a decennial average of 406, while the death-rate was 1.57 per 1,000 of the civil population, as against a decennial rate of 1.28 per 1,000. Thus it is seen there was an increase of 90 on the average number of deaths, and 0.29 on the mean death-rate.
    yearsPulmonary Phthisis.Proportion of Deaths from Phthisis per 100 Deaths from All Causes.Death rates from All Causes per 1,000 inhabitants.
    DeathsDeath rates per 1,000 inhabitants.
  • Page 35
    The following return gives the deaths at each age period:—
    Age periods.Deaths.Age periods.Deaths.
  • Page 35
    Table XXIII. Showing the Deaths from Phthisis in the Sub-Districts during the Four Quarters of the Year 1915.
    QuartersTufnell.Upper Holloway.Tollington.Lower Holloway.Highbury.Barnsbury.Islington, South-East.The Borough
  • Page 36
    T able XXIV. Showing the Deaths from the Tubercular Diseases during 1915.
    Diseases.Ages.SexDistricts.Totals Deaths.
    0—11—5Over 5M.F.Tuf.U.HTollL.HH.B.S.E.
  • Page 38
    Deaths among Infants.—The deaths among infants are set out below
    Acute Bronchitis,Pneumonia,Total.
  • Page 38
    ALCOHOLISM. Eleven deaths were caused by Alcohol, which are 7 below the average of the preceding 15 years. The following statement shows the number of deaths during each year since 1901:—
    Acute.Chronic.Total.Mates.Females.
  • Page 39
    The following figures record the number of deaths for each year since 1902:—
    Under 1 year.1—5 years.Adults.Total.
  • Page 40
    Table XXV. Showing the Deaths of Inhabitants in Local Institutions and in Institutions outside the Borough, also the Deaths of Non-Inhabitants in Local Institutions during the ten years 1905-1914 and in 1915.
    YearsTotal Deaths in Local Institutions (cols. 3 and 4).Inhabitants of Islington in Local Institutions.Non-Inhabitants of Islington in Local Institutions.Inhabitants in Islington Infirmary.Inhabitants of Islington in G.N.C. Hospital.Inhabitants of Islington in Institutions outside the Borough.Total Deaths of Inhabitants in all Institutions cols. 3 and 7).Proportion per 100 deaths from all causes (col. 8).
    123456789
  • Page 41
    Table XXVI. Showing the Deaths of Inhabitants and Non-Inhabitants in Public and Charitable Institutions situated within the Borough during the Four Quarters and in the Year 1915.
    PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.Inhabitants.Non-InhabitantsTotals.
    1st qr.2nd qr.3rd qr.4th qr.Year.1st qr.2nd qr.3rd qr.4th qr.Year.1st qr.2nd qr.3rd qr.4th qr.Year,
  • Page 42
    Table XXVII. Showing the Deaths of Inhabitants of Islington in Public Institutions and in other places situated outside the Borough distributed to their respective Sub-Registration Districts during the Year 1915.
    Sub-Registration Districts.First Quarter.Second Quarter.Third Quarter.Fourth Quarter.Whole Year.
    Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 43
    In 475 cases inquests were held, as contrasted with an average of 410 in the ten years 1905-1914.
    Bodies received into Mortuary.Inquests.
  • Page 44
    The returns for the preceding 23 years are given in the following statement:—
    YearsCases.Attack-rates per 1,000 inhabitants.Years.Cases.Attack-rate per 1,000 inhabitants.
  • Page 45
    Registration Sub-Districts.—The total number of cases notified in these districts was as follows:—
    Total Cases Notified.
  • Page 45
    Wards —The total number of cases notified in the Wards was as under:—
    Total Cases Notified.
  • Page 45
    The figures for each of the infectious diseases and the average for each during the ten years 1905-1914, together with the departures from it, were as follows:—
    1915.Average 10 years.Increase or decrease
  • Page 46
    The following tabular statement gives the particulars for each quarter during 1915, together with the decennial average for the corresponding periods:
    Quarters.Cases.Attack-rates.Decennial averages.Increase.
  • Page 46
    During the year it was found that of the 2,210 cases notified, 118 deaths occurred, or 5.3 per cent., which contrasts with an average percentage of 7.4 in the preceding 24 years, 1891-1914.
    Years.Cases.Deaths.Fatality.
  • Page 47
    As the decreased fatality can only be properly appreciated when shown in quinquennial periods, the following statement, given last year, is reprinted:—
    Periods.Cases. Number.Average.Number,Deaths. Average.Fatality.
  • Page 47
    The following tabular statement has been prepared to show the growth of the percentage number of cases treated in the various public institutions connected with the Borough:—
    Disease.Cases.Removed to Hospital.Percentage removed to Hospital
  • Page 48
    Table XXVIII. Summary of Infectious Sickness and of the Deaths arising therefrom, distinguishing the Cases treated at Home and in Hospitals; and showing the percentages of notified Cases removed to Hospitals, together with the Fatality among cases treated at Home and in Hospitals during the year 1915.
    Notified Cases Treated.Percentages of Notified Cases Treated.Deaths Occurring.Percentages of Deaths Occurring.
    In Hospital.At Home.Total.In Hospital.At Home.In Hospital.At Home.Total.In Hospital.At Home.Total.
  • Page 49
    Table XXIX. Showing the Cases of Infectious Disease removed from Islington to the Metropolitan Asylums Board's Hospitals for treatment and isolation during 1915.
    Metropolitan Asylums Board's Hospitals.Small Pox.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Enteric Fever.Typhus Fever.*Other Diseases.Total Admissions.Total Deaths.
  • Page 50
    In the Quarterly Periods.— The following statement contrasts the years 1914 and 1915, and shows the incidence during the several quarters:—
    1915.1914.Difference.
  • Page 51
    In the following statement, the figures for the neighbouring boroughs, and for London are seen:—
    Cases.Attack-rate.
  • Page 52
    T able XXX. Showing the Cases and Deaths from Diphtheria and Membranous Croup, together with the Fatality and the Departure from the Mean Fatality during the ten years 1905-1914, and 1915.
    Year.Cases.Deaths.Fatality.
    Diphtheria.Membranous Croup.Total of Diphtheria and Membranous Croup.Diphtheria.Membranous Croup.Total of Diphtheria and Membranous Croup.Deaths to 100 cases of Diphtheria and Membranous Croup.Departure from Average Fatality of 10 years.*
  • Page 52
    T able XXXI. Showing the Cases, Deaths and Fatality jvom Diphtheria at Home and in Hospitals.
    Quarter.Cases Nursed at Home.Cases Nursed at Hospitals
    Cases. 1Deaths. 2Percentage Fatality. 3Cases 4Deaths. 5Percentage Fatality. 6
  • Page 53
    The notifications of the disease in the encircling boroughs is given in the following statement:—
    Cases
  • Page 55
    The following statement gives the number of the cases and deaths, together with the fatality rate, for each of the last twenty-five years:—
    Years.Cases.Deaths.Fatality.
  • Page 55
    SUMMARY IN QUINQUENNIAL PERIODS.
    Years.Cases.Deaths.Fatality
  • Page 56
    Table XXXII. Showing the number of Cases and Attack-Rates of the several Notifiable Infectious Diseases which occurred during each of the Ten Years 1905-14 and in 1915.
    diseasesyearsCorrected average number of cases.Increase or Decrease
    1905190619071908 11909191019111912191319141905-141915
  • Page 57
    T able XXXIII. Showing the Cases of the Notifiable Infectious Diseases notified in the Sub-Registration Districts and the Wards during the Year 1915.
    SUB-REGISTRATION DISTRICTS.WARDS.Small Pox.Scarlet Fever or Scarlatina.Diphtheria.Membranous Croup.Enteric (Typhoid) Fever.Typhus Fever.Erysipelas.Puerperal Fever.Continued Fever.Relapsing Fever.Cholera.Total.
  • Page 59
    There can be no doubt that this early notification has been of great benefit to the children, and will be the means of preventing much blindness among them.
    Tufnell.Upper Hollowatf.Tollington.Lower Holloway.Highbury.Barnsbury.Islington, South-East.The Borough.
  • Page 60
    Table XXXIV. Showing the Notified Cases of Tuberculosis in the Wards During 191 5.
    Registration Sub-Districts.Wards.Pulmonary Phthisis.Other Forms of Tuberculosis.Grand Totals.T uber. culosls Rate per 1,000 of Population.
    Mates.Females.Total.Males.Females.Totals.
  • Page 60
    Table XXXV. THE PERIODS OF LIFE AT WHICH TUBERCULOSIS ATTACKED THE PERSONS NOTIFIED DURING 1915
    Tubercular Diseases.Sex.CASES NOTIFIED IN WHOLE DISTRICT.
    At all ages.At Ages—Years.
    Under 11 to 55 to 1515 to 2525 to 4545 to 6565 and upwards
  • Page 61
    Table XXXVI. Showing the Notified Cases of Tuberculosis in the Quarters during 1915.
    First Quarter.Second Quarter.Third Quarter.Fourth Quarter.The Year.
    Males.Females.Total.MalesFemales.t otal.Males.Female*.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 61
    The figures for the year contrast with those of the preceding ten years as follows:—
    Houses.Rooms.
  • Page 63
    T able XXXVIII. Non-notifiable Diseases among Children attending the Public Elementary Schools.
    Year.Measles.Chicken Pox.Whooping Cough.Other Diseases.Totals.
  • Page 65
    Table XXXIX. Showing the result of the Bacteriological Examinations made for the Diagnosis of Diphtheria, Enteric Fever and Phthisis, 1898-1915.
    Periods.Diphtheria.Enteric Frvfr.Phthisis.Totals.
    Positive Results.Negative Results.Total Examined.Positive Results.Negative Results.Total Examined.Positive Results.Negative Results.Total Examined.
  • Page 66
    Table XL. Showing the State of Vaccination in Islington, 1880-1915, also in London and in England and Wales, 1880-1911.
    Years.No. of Births.Successfully Vaccinated..Insusceptible to Vaccination.Died Unvaccinated.No. of exemption certificates.Postponed by medical certificate.*Remaining.Cases (cols. 6, 7, & 8), not finally vaccinated per 100 births.†Ditto in London., Ditto in Rest of England.
  • Page 67
    Continued from previous page...
    Years.Vaccinations per 100 births, less infants who died unvaccinated.Years.Vaccinations per 100 births, less infants who died unvaccinated.
  • Page 67
    Certificates of Exemption.—The following tabular statement shows clearly the large increase in these certificates since 1897, which is the first year in which they were accepted as an excuse for the failure of the parents to have their infants vaccinated.
  • Page 67
    The following Table shows how the exemption certificates were distri buted throughout the borough and the percentages they bore to the births, less the children who died unvaccinated:—
    Registration Sub-District.Births, less Infants died unvaccinated.Exemptions.Percentage of Exemption Certificates to Births.
  • Page 68
    Table XLI. Return furnished, by the Vaccination Officers respecting the Vaccination of Children in the Sub-Registration Districts during the year 1914.
    REGISTRATION SUB-DISTRICTS.Number of Births registered in 1914.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible of Vaccination.Had Small Pox.Number of Statutory Declarations of Conscientious Objection.Died Unvaccinated.Postponement by Medical Certificate.Removed to other Districts.Removed to places Unknown.Number of Children remaining Unvaccinated, or not accounted f6r in Report BookTotal Number of Certificates of Primary Vaccination at All Ages received during year 1915.Number of Statutory Declarations of Conscientious Objection received during year 1915.
  • Page 69
    The Cleansing and Spraying of Rooms.—As many as 2.116 rooms, as contrasted with 2,140 in 1914, were cleansed and sprayed.
    1915.1914.
  • Page 69
    T able XLII. Showing the Disinfection oj Rooms by Formaldehyde Gas after Infectious Disease, in the Sanitary Inspectors' Districts, during the year 1915.
    Sanitary Inspectors' Districts.1234567891011121314Total 1915.1914
  • Page 70
    Table XLIII. Showing the Cleansing and Spraying of Rooms after Infectious Disease, in the Sanitary Inspectors' Districts, during the vear 1915.
    Sanitary Inspectors Districts.1234567891011121314Total 1919.1914
  • Page 70
    TABLE XLIV. Summary of the chief articles of Clothing, Bedding, &c., disinfected during the year 1915, and also in the preceding year 19 14.
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.The Year 19151914.
  • Page 71
    The nature of the articles disinfected for the clothing contractors is shown below:—
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Year.
  • Page 71
    The following is a record of the work performed by the Steam Disinfectors during the past twenty-one years:—
  • Page 72
    Disinfectants distributed and used.— The following statement gives the quantity of disinfectants distributed by the Sanitary Authority, or used in disinfecting and cleansing rooms:—
    How disposed of.Carbolic Powder.Disinfecting Fluid.Formaldehyde.
    Powder.Solution.
  • Page 72
    Persons using Shelter House pending the disinfection of their homes.
    Date of Admittance.Address.Number in Family.Cause.
  • Page 72
    Verminous persons cleansed at the Shelter House under the "Cleansing of Persons Act, 1897."
    Date of Admittance.Address.Number of Persons.Cause.
  • Page 73
    Midwives attending Shelter House for the purpose of disinfection after attendance on cases of Puerperal Fever.
    Date of Attendance.Name.Address.
  • Page 74
    These baths were as under—
  • Page 74
    In 8 cases the London County Council instituted legal proceedings under Section 122 of the Children Act, 1908, and the prosecutions resulted in fines varying from 6s. to 10s. as follows:—
  • Page 75
    Inspections and Visits.—The inspections and visits made by the Inspectors were as under:—
  • Page 75
    The various workshops and workplaces are tabulated as below:—
    Workshops and Workplaces.1914.1915.
    Workshops on Register.Workrooms on Register.Number added during Year.Number removed during Year.Total number of Workshops on Register.Total Number of Workrooms on Register.
  • Page 76
    The following Table shows some of the work dealt with since 1896:—
    18961897189818991900190119021903190419051906190719081909191019111912191319141915Total
  • Page 79
    Workshops notified to Home Office, 1915.
    Trade.Number of Workshops.Protected Persons Employed.
    Women.Male Young Persons.Total.
  • Page 79
    SECRETARY OF STATE'S RETURNS on the administration of the Factory and Workshop Act. 1901, in connection with FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, WORKPLACES, AND HOMEWORK. 1.—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, AND WORKPLACES. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises. (1)Number of
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 80
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars. (1)Number of Defects.Number of Prescutions. (5)
    Found. (2)Remedied. (3)Referred to H.M. Inspector. (4)
  • Page 81
    Continued from previous page...
    NATURE OF WORK *Outworkers' Lists, Section 107.Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.Outwork in Infected Premises. (Secs. 109. 110).
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on Occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served under Public Health (London) Act, 1891.ProsecutionsInstances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110).
    Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the yearFailing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists.†Outworkers.†Lists.Outworkers.
    ContractorsWork-men.Contractors.Workmen
  • Page 82
    4—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.
    Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the year. (1)Number (2)
  • Page 82
    5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Class. (1)Number. (2)
  • Page 85
    T able XLV. Giving a Summary of the Nuisances discovered by the District Sanitary Inspectors during the Four Quarters and for the Year 1915, for the abatement of which notices were served.
    NUISANCES.QUARTERS.
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.The Year.
  • Page 86
    TABLE XLV.— continued.
    NUISANCESQUARTERS.
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.The Year.
  • Page 87
    Table XLVI. Showing summary of Sanitary Work from Inspectors' reports for the Year 1915.
    DISTRICTS.Totals.
    1234567891011121314
  • Page 88
    The particulars for each year since 1891 are as follows:—
    Applications to Remove Dust.Applications to Remove Dust.
  • Page 89
    TABLE XLVII. Summary of Applications for the Removal of Dust during the Year 1915.
    Ward.1st Quarter2nd Quarter3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Year.
  • Page 90
    They were also 1,457 below the average (8,881) of the past sixteen years 1899-1914, the particulars of which are as follows:
  • Page 91
    Table XLVIII. Showing the State of Pauperism in the Borough during the years 1905-1914 and 1915.
    Years.Average number Relieved during each week.Deathrates.
    Indoor Paupers, Adults and Children.Outdoor Paupers.Totals Outdoor.Totals. All paupers relieved, cols. 2 & 5.Vagrants Relieved.Children Boarded out.
    Adults.Children under 16.
  • Page 91
    Table XLIX. Showing Ike State of Pauperism in the Borough during the year 1915.
    Quarters.Average number Relieved during each week.
    Indoor Paupers. Adults and Children.Outdoor Paupers.Totals.Totals 1 corresponding periods 1914Vagrants Relieved.Children Boarded out.Death rates.
    Adults.Children under 16.
  • Page 92
    Particulars as to houses dealt with under the Housing and Town Planning Act 1909, Sec. 17.
    Property.Closing Order made.Closing Order determined.Demolition Order made.Demolition completed by Owner.
  • Page 93
    Administration of the Housing , Town Planning, btc , Act , 1909.— continued.
    Property.Closing Order made.Closing Order determined.Demolition Order made.Demolition completed by Owner.
  • Page 94
    The following were the foodstuffs which were seized or surrendered and destroyed:—
    Tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 94
    The quantity dealt with in the 14 years during which Mr. Wilkinson has been an inspector was as follows:—
    Tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.Tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 94
    The quantity of unsound and diseased foodstuffs seized or surrendered and destroyed during the undermentioned periods was as follows:—
    T ons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 95
    It is given in order to show the gradual decrease in the number of animals slaughtered during the past 17 years:—
    YearOxen.Cows.Calves.Sheep Lambs.Pigs.Total.
  • Page 96
    The following is a list of the slaughterhouses in the borough :— LICENSED SLAUGHTER-HOUSES.
    Name of Licensee.Situation ot Premises.Condition of Licence.
  • Page 97
    List of Licensed Cowhouses in the Borough of Islington.
    Name of Licensee.Situation of Premises.No. of Cows licensed to hold.
  • Page 97
    Appended is a list of unsound or diseased meat discovered in slaughterhouses during the year:—
    No. of CasesDescription Animal Affected.Nature of Disease or Affection.Extent of Disease.How disposed of.
  • Page 98
    To these a total of 12,475 visits were made, apportioned as under, viz.:—
  • Page 99
    Table L. Showing the Number of Samples of Foods and Drugs Analysed, with the Result of the Analyses for the Year 1915 and for the preceding Twenty-four Years.
    Years.No. of Samples Examined.Genuine.Adulterated.Per cent. Adulterated.
  • Page 99
    The Public Analyst, in his several quarterly reports during the year, reported as"follows:—
  • Page 100
    Table LI. Showing the Samples of Foods and Drugs submitted to the Public Analyst during the year 1915.
    Description.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Totals.Genuine.Adulterated.
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.T otals1st Quirter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Totals
  • Page 101
    Table LI.— continued.
    Description.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Totals.Genuine.Adulterated.
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Totals.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Totals.[
  • Page 102
    Below are shown the percentages of these foods which were found to be adulterated in the ten previous years:—
    No. of Samples.Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated.
  • Page 103
    The return of the samples of milk reported as adulterated by the Public Analyst, is given in the following tabular statement:— MILK ADULTERATION.
    Samples AnalysedGenuine.AdulteratedPer cent. Adulterated.
  • Page 103
    The quality of these various milks in 1915 is given in the following tabular statement:—
    Obtained.No. of Samples Analysed.Average Percentage of Fat.Average Percentage of Solids, not Fat.Average Percentage of Total Solids.
  • Page 104
    Table LII. Showing the analyses of 10,577 milks examined in Islington during the seventeen years 1898-1914 and 1915, and distinguishing those purchased on Sundays, on Weekdays, and procured at the Islington Railway Stations while in transit from Farmers to London Milk Purveyors.
    Years.Sunday Milks.Week-day Milks.Railway Milks (Farmers).
    No. of Samples.Per cent, of non-fatty solids.Per cent, of fat.No. of samples.Per cent, of non-fatty solids.Per cent, of fat.No. of samples.Per cent, of non-fatty solids.Per cent, of fat.
  • Page 105
    Table LIII. Giving the particulars of the Milk taken during each quarter of 1915 on Sundays, Week days, and at the Railway Stations.
    1915.No. of Samples Taken.Genuine.Adulterated.Per cent. Adulterated.
    Quarters.Sundays.Week-days.Railway Stations.All Milks.Sundays.Week-days.Railway Stations.All Milks.Sundays.Week-days.Railway Stations.All Milks.Sundays.Week-days.Railway Stations.All Milks.
  • Page 106
    Table LIV. Showing the Samples of Milk Analysed, the number found adulterated, with the percentage of Samples adulterated for the past eighteen years.
    Year.No. of Samples Taken.Genuine.Adulterated.Per cent. Adulterated.
    Sundays.Week-days.Ry. Stations.All Milks.Sundays.Week-days.Ry. Stations.All Milks. .Sundays. 1Week-days.Ry. Stations.All Milks. 1Sundays.Week-days.Ry. Stations.All Milks.
  • Page 107
    Groceries.-180 samples of varous grocery articles, set out in the subjoined table, were submitted for analysis, of which 8 were adulterated, or 4-4 per cent., as contrasted with 11.5 per cent, in the preceding year:—
    No. cf Samples.No. Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated in 1914.
  • Page 108
    Alooholic Drinks.—60 samples were examined for strength by the Public Analyst, of which 7 or 11.6 per cent, were deficient.
    No. of Samples.No. Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated.
  • Page 108
    Drugs,—60 samples of Drugs were examined ; of this number 4, or 6.6 per cent., were adulterated.
    No. of Samples.No. Adulteraied.Percentage Adulterated.
  • Page 109
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD RETURNS. Abstracts from the Public Analyst's Returns, together with the proceedings taken during the Quarters of the Year 1915. ADULTERATED SAMPLES.— First Quarter, 193 5.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and. if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 110
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES ( First Quarter, 1915)— continued.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 111
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES ( First Quarter, 1915)— continued.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 112
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES.— Second Quarter, 1915.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 113
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES (Second Quarter, 1915)— continued.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for AnalysisState whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the natuie and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 114
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES ( Second Quarter, 1915)— continued.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 115
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES.— Third Quarter, 1915.
    Sample Marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 116
    ADULTERATED SAMPLES.— Fourth Quarter, 1915.
    Sample marked.Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis. Showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.Action taken, with result of prosecution.
  • Page 117
    The general results obtained are set forth in the following tabular summary as prescribed by the Local Government Board:— 1. Cream not sold as Preserved Cream.
    Date.(A) Number of samples examined for the presence of a Preservative.(B) Number in which a Preservative was reported to be present.
  • Page 118
    Determination made of milk fat in cream sold as preserved cream.
  • Page 119
    The several foods tested were as follows:—
    Number of Samples.Genuine.Adulterated.Percentage Adulteration.
  • Page 119
    For purposes of comparison I insert the following Table, showing the result of the test work since its inception in 1908:— ALL SAMPLES.
    Year.No. of Samples.Declared.Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.Fines and costs.
  • Page 120
    SUMMARY OF PROSECUTIONS.—During year 1915.
    Total Prosecutions.Successful.Dismissed.Withdrawn.Amount of penalties Received.
  • Page 122
    T able A. Showing the Deaths from All Causes in Islington during the Year 1915. Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals are excluded Deaths of Residents in Public Institutions are distributed. Note —In Tables A and B the deaths of 23 Army men are included under the following diseases —Cerebro Spinal Fever, 1 ; Pyaemia 1 ; Pericarditis, 1; Diabetes Mellitus, 1 : Acute Bronchitis, 1; Pneumonia, 5 ; Bright's Disease, 1 Accidents, 2 ; and Wounds in Warfare, 10.
    Deaths in Institutions within Borough.DISEASES.AGES.Under 5Over 5Tuf.U.H.DISTRICTSb.S.e.Males. IFemales.
    0-1-5-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-Toll.L.H.H.
  • Page 123
    Table A.—Continued.
    Institutions within Borough.DISEASES.AGES.Under 5.Over 5.DISTRICTS.Males.Females.Totals
    0-1-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-Tuf.U.H.Toll.L.H.H.B.S.E.
  • Page 124
    Deaths in I Institutions within BoroughDISEASES.Table A.—Continued.
    0-1-5-10-15-AGES.45-55-65-7585Under 5.Over 5.DISTRICTS.S.E.Males.
    20-25-35-Tuf.U.H.Toll.L.H.H.B
  • Page 125
    Table B. Showing the Deaths from All Causes registered during the Quarters of the Year 1915 at three periods of life. Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals are excluded. Deaths of Residents in Public Institutions are distributed. (See Note at heading of Table A.)
    diseases.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter'3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Total for Year
    Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Uuder 11 to 5Over 5Total.
  • Page 126
    Table B.—Continusd
    DISEASES.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.Total.4th QuarterTotal.Total for Year
    Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Under 11 to 5Over 5Under 11 to 5Over 5
  • Page 127
    Table B.—Continued
    DISEASES.1st Quarter. |2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.Total for Year.
    Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.Under 11 to 51 Over 5Total.Under 11 to 5Over 5Total.
  • Page 128
    Table c. Showing the Births, Deaths, Infantile Mortality, the Deaths from the Principal Epidemic Diseases, and from Influenza Cancer, Phthisis, and Puerperal Fever occurring in the Year 1915, and during the Ten Years preceding.
    Year.Births.Birth-rates.Deaths.Death-rates.Deaths of Infants under 1 year of age.| Deaths under 1 year per 1,000 Births.Deaths from the Principal Epidemic Diseases.Total Epidemic Death-rates.Influenza.Cancer.PhthisisPuerperal Fever
    Totals.Small Pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Whooping Cough.Typhus Fever.Enteric Fever.Simple and undefined Fevers.Diarrhœal Diseases.Deaths.Death-rates.Deaths.Death-rates.Deaths.Death-rates.Deaths.Deaths per 1,000 births.
  • Page 129
    Table D. Showing some of the Work of the Public Health Department.
    Years.Number of cases of Notifiable Infectious Diseases, inclusive of Phthisis.Number of cases of Non-notifiable Diseases notified by the Public Elementary Schools.Number of Infectious Diseases notified to School Teachers.Number of acknowledgments of Infectious Diseases to Medical Men, &c.Number of Letters received.Number of Letters written.Number of letters sent to County Council Schools after disinfection of Pupils homes.Number of Visits made by Sanitary Inspectors to houses.Number of Visits made to Workshops and Factories.Visits made by Food Inspector.Number of Houses wherein Nuisances were abated.Number of Houses wherein Drainage Work has been carried out.Number of Disinfections.Number of Intimation Notices served.Number of Statutory Notices served.
  • Page 130
    Table E. BATHS AND WASHHOUSES. Table showing the Number of Persons using the Swimming Baths, Private Baths, and the Washhouses during 1915. Swimming Baths.
    Bathers.Caledonian Road.Hornsey Road.Essex Road.Totals.
  • Page 131
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD RETURN.—TABLE I. Metropolitan Borough of Islington. VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1915 AND PREVIOUS YEARS.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable Deaths.Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected Number.Nett.Of Non-Residents registered in the District.Of Residents not registered in the District.Under 1 Year of AgeAt all Ages.
    Number.Rate.Number.†Rate.Number.†Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number †Rate.
    12345678910111213
  • Page 132
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD RETURN.—TABLE II. Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the year 1915 in the Metropolitan Borough of Islington.
    Notifiable DiseaseCases Notified in Whole District.Total Cases Notified in each Registration Sob-District.Total cases removed to Hospital
    At Ages—Years1234567
    At all Ages.Under 1.1 to 5.5 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 45.45 to 65.65 and upwards.Tufnell.Upper HollowayTollinston.Lower Holloway.Highbury.Barnsbury.Islington South-East
  • Page 133
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD RETURN.—TABLE III. Metropolitan Borough of Islington. CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT DEATH DURING YEAR, 1915.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined Ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the District.Total Deaths whether of "Residents" or " Nonresidents" in Institutions in the District.
    All ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 yrs.15 and under 25 yrs.25 and under 45 yrs.45 and under 65 yrs.65 and up-wards.
  • Page 134
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD RETURN.—TABLE IV. Metropolitan Borough of Islington. INFANTILE MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1915. Nett Deaths from stated Causes at Various Ages under One Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1.2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under One Month.4 Weeks and under 3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9 12 Months.Total Deaths under One Year.
  • Page 135
    LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL RETURN. Borough of Islington. PROCEEDINGS DURING 1915.
    PREMISES.Number of Places—Number of inspections, 1915.Number of Notices. 1915.Number of Prosecution 1915.
    On Register at end of 1914.Added in 1915Removed in 1915.On Register at end of 1915.
  • Page 135
    Total number of intimation notices served for all purposes 4021
    Overcrowding, 1915.
  • Page 136
    Shelters provided under sec. 60 (4) of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891—