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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1899

Report on the sanitary condition of the City of London for the year 1899

Published
1900
Author
Saunders, W. Sedgwick.
Pages
244
Tables
91

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91 tables in this report

  • Page 18
    Death Rates, pee 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.33 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 20
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1899, compared with the average for the previous five years :—
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 22
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 23
    (A) TABLE OF DEATHS during the Year 1899, in the City of London, classified according to Diseases, Ages, and Localities. (A) [Prepared in accordance with the Instructions of the Local Government Board.]
    Names of Localities adopted for the purpose of these Statistics; Public Institutions being shown as separate localities.mortality from all causes at subjoined ages.Mortality from subjoined Causes, distinguishing Deaths of Children under Five Years of Age.
    At all ages.Under 1 year1 and under 56 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.Small-pox.Scarlatina.Diphtheria.Membranous Croup.Fevers.Cholera.Erysipelas.Measles.Whooping Cough.Diarrhoea and Dysentery.Rheumatic Fever.Ague.Phthisis.Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Pleurisy.Heart Disease.Violent Deaths. Injuries.All other Diseases.Totals.
    Typhus.Enteric or Typhoid.Continued.Relapsing.Puerperal.
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.
  • Page 23
    PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.
  • Page -
    VITAL STATISTICS, 1899. City of London compared with the Metropolis, previous 5 years [1894-5-6-7-8].
    City of London.Death Rate.Birth Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to l,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent. of Deaths Registered.Deathsfromprincipal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Night Population (Imperial Census).Day Population(Coiporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page -
    METEOROLOGY at Greenwich, and DEATH RATES recorded in London and the City respectively for each year from 1894 to 1899:—
    Year189418951896189718981899
  • Page 25
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Removed or unaccounted for at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
    per cent.percent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 27
    Metropolitan Unions.
    Year.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Not finally accounted for.
    per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 28
    RETURN relating to Vaccination for the Year ending 1899.
    12345678910
    Sub-District.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Deaths before Vaccination.Postponed by Medical Certificate.Removed into other Districts.Cases Pending.Conscientious Obiections.
  • Page -
    Table of BIRTHS OCCURRING AT THE ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH, DURING THE YEAR 1899, to which are added theDEATHS registered during the same period classified according to Diseases, Ages, and Localities.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all causes, at subjoined ages.Mortality from subjoined causes, distinguishing deaths op Children under Five Years of Age.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.Small-pox.Scarlatina.Diphtheria.Membranous Croup.Fevers.Cholera.Erysipelas.Measles.Whooping Cough.Diarrhoea and Dysentery.Rheumatic Fever.Ague.Phthisis.Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Pleurisy.Heart Disease.Violent Deaths. Iniuries.All other Diseases.Totals.
    Male.FemaleTyphus.Enteric or Typhoid.Continued.Relapsing.Puerperal.
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.10.17.18.19.20.21.22.
  • Page 31
    ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS.
    1899.NAME OF BLOCK.
    North.South.King's.Queen's.Prince's.Total.
  • Page 32
    ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE. Vital Statistics 1899, compared with, previous five years.
    YEAR.Death rate per 1,000.Deaths of children under 5 years of age.Deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 births.Birth rate per 1,000Number of illegitimate children born in the Buildings.Deaths from Infectious Diseases.
  • Page 35
    Analysis of Stoney Lane Well Water. (Expressed in Grains per Gallon. One Imperial Gallon contains 70,000 Grains.)
  • Page 36
    NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. The following Table gives the number and nature of the cases of infectious disease notified to me by medical practitioners under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, during 1899, and also indicates where the patients were treated:—
    NATURE OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis incorrect.
  • Page 37
    Table B shows that of the 234 cases of notifiable infectious disease reported, 60.4 per cent. were removed to hospital for treatment, the remaining 39.6 per cent. being nursed at their own homes.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
    per cent.per cent.
  • Page 38
    RETURN of infectious disease occurring in the City of London, with the percentage of suoh oases removed to hospital or treated at home during 1899, compared with the average for the previous five years
    Year.Number of cases reported.Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
    Per cent. of cases reported.
  • Page -
    (B)TABLE of POPULATION, BIRTHS, AND OF NEW CASES OF INFECTIOUS SICKNESS, coming to the knowledge of the Medical Officer of Health, during the year 1899, in the CITY OF LONDON, classified according to Diseases, Ages, and Localities. [Prepared in accordance with the Instructions of the Local Government Board.]
    Names of Localities adopted for the purpose of these Statistics; Public Institutions being shown as separate localities.Population at all Ages.Registered Births.Aged under 5 or over 5.New Cases of Sickness in eacii Locality, coming to the Knowledge of the Medical Officer of Health.humbbr op such cases removed from their homes in the several localities for Treatment in Isolation Hospital.
    Census 1896.Estimated to middle of 1899.
    1234567891011totals.1234567891011TOTALS.
    Small-pox.Scarlatina.Diphtheria.Membranous Croup.Fevers.Cholera.Erysipelas.Small-pox.Scarlatina.Diphtheria,Membranous Croup.fevers.Cholera.Erysipelas.
    Typhus.Enteric or Typhoid.Continued.Relapsing.Puerperal.Typhus.Enteric or Typhoid.Continued.Relapsing.Puerperal.
  • Page 56
    NUMBER of Articles disinfected, bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1899, compared with the average for the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of BeddiDg, &c., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 59
    WEST DISTRICT. (Inspectors W. H. May and F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 60
    MIDDLE DISTRICT. (Inspectors A. R. Hills and E. J. Simmons.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed
  • Page 61
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspectors W. H. J. Gathercole and W. H. Ralph.)
    Mouth.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 62
    SMOKE, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS, &c. (Inspector J. Benson.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Factories audWork- shops inspected.Smoke Nuisances inspected.Works completed
  • Page 63
    The foregoing are summarised as under:—
    District.Number of Inspections made."Orders" issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 64
    Sanitary Inspections During 1899, compared with previous five years.
    Year.Inspections made.Sanitary Improvements effected.Notices served.
  • Page 66
    Cases were reported in rapid succession on the following dates:—
  • Page 67
    The table below shows: (1) the number of the case; (2) the approximate date of attack; (3) the sex; (4) age; (5) departments in which they were engaged; (6) the result; and (7) where treated.
    No. of Case.Date of Attack.Sex.Age.Department.Died or Recovered.Where treated.
  • Page 68
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Case.Date of Attack.Sex.Age.Department.Died or Recovered.Where treated.
  • Page 70
    The dormitories of the persons attacked were situated as under:—
  • Page 70
    Distribution of patients in various departments:—
    Department.No. of persons attacked.
  • Page 75
    The establishment was served under a contract by a Dairy Company in the Islington district, and the manager of the dairy, at my request, furnished the following list of farms from which the bulk of their supply was derived, viz.: —
    Place.County.Population.
  • Page 86
    The material so disposed of comprised:—
  • Page 91
    Refuse Dealt with During 1899 and Previous Five Years.
    Year.Street Sweepings and Slop.House and Trade Refuse.Total.No. of Loads Cremated in DestructorPer Cent. Cremated.
  • Page 105
    Those now on the Register are:—
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Sanitary Notices Served.
  • Page 107
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 108
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 109
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 110
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 111
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 112
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 113
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 114
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 115
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 116
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 117
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 118
    MIDDLE DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 119
    MIDDLE DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 120
    MIDDLE DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 121
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 122
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 123
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 124
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 125
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 126
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 127
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 128
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 136
    Table showing the annual deliveries and other details since I have held office during the past 26 years:— MEAT SUPPLIES, 1874 TO 1899.
    Year.General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Bad Meat to Good.
  • Page 137
    Monthly Deliveries at the Corporation Markets, Smithfield.
    month.1897.1898.1899.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 138
    The sources of origin of the past four years deliveries are here expressed in terms per cent.
    1896.1897.1898.1899.
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 139
    The Inspectors seized 1,172 tons 5 cwts. 2 qrs. as unfit for the food of man, classified as under :—
    TonsPer cent.
  • Page 144
    Some idea of the magnitude of the work of the Inspectors may be obtained from the following figures copied from the Annual Report of the Market Superintendent :—
    1897.1898.1899.
  • Page 145
    CENTRAL MARKETS, SMITHFIELD. Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, seized as unsound, and proportion condemned to that delivered during each Month of the Year 1899.
    Month.Meat Delivered at the Market.Meat seized by the Inspectors.Ratio of Meat condemned to that delivered.
  • Page 146
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS.
    Date.Where heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Residence.Result.
  • Page 147
    The seizures of diseased and unsound meat have also been on a scale without precedent, having amounted to 1,172 tons 5 cwts. 2 qrs., against 884 tons 1 cwt. in 1898, the heaviest weight previously recorded being in 1897, when 918 tons 3 cwts. 3 qrs. were seized.
    Month.1897.1898.1899.
  • Page 148
    The following table illustrates this:—
    Population.1871.1899.% of Increase
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
    Dead Meat supply147,49100405,51400175
    Meat seized59201,172521884
  • Page 154
    These figures can be more readily understood from the following Table :—
    Year.Fish Delivered at Billingsgate Market.Fish Delivered in the neighbourhood of Billingsgate Market.Total Deliveries.
  • Page 155
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1899 and the five years 1894-5-6-7-8.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 156
    Fish Condemned at or near Billingsgate Market, for the Year 1899:—
    1899.Tons.Cwts.Qrs.
  • Page 157
    MONTHLY FISH RETURNS, 1899. Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, during each month of the year 1899.
  • Page 164
    TABLE I.
    Articles Analysed in 1899.First Quarter.Second Quarter.Third Quarter.Fourth Quarter.Total.
  • Page 165
    The following Table has been partly compiled from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board, to which is added, by way of comparison, the results of our experience in the City of London:— TABLE II.
    Year.Total No. of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total No. Examined in City of London.No. of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.City of London.
  • Page 186
    Up to the end of the year the following list of samples, referred to on page 170, had been collected for the Preservatives Committee, and forwarded to the Government Laboratories, viz.:—
  • Page -
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875 AND 1879. Report of the Public Analyst appointed for the City of London upon the Articles analysed by him under the above Acts during the Quarter ending the 31st March, 1899.
    Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, 1875, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis: showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.The sum paid in respect of the Analysis.OBSERVATIONS.
  • Page -
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875 AND 1879. Report of the Public Analyst appointed for the City of London upon the Articles analysed by him under the above Acts during the Quarter ending the 30th June, 1899.
    Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority under Section 13 of Act, 1876, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis: showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.The sum paid in respect of the Analysis.OBSERVATIONS.
  • Page -
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875 and 1879. Report of the Public Analyst appointed for the City of London upon the Articles analysed by him under the above Acts during the Quarter ending the 30th September, 1899.
    Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, 1875, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis: showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.The sum paid in respect of the Analysis.observations.
  • Page -
    SALE OP FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875 AND 1879. Report of the Public Analyst appointed for the City of London, upon the Articles analysed by him under the above Acts during the Quarter ending the 31st December, 1899.
    Article submitted for Analysis.State whether the sample was submitted to the Analyst by an Officer acting under direction of a Local Authority, under Section 13 of Act, 1876, and if so, the name of such Authority.Result of Analysis: showing whether the sample was Genuine or Adulterated, and, if Adulterated, what were the nature and extent of the Adulteration.The sum paid In respect of the Analysis.OBSERVATIONS.
  • Page -
    STREET LISTS, Compiled from Returns of District Registrars.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY — continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OB PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. CITY POLICE HOSPITAL, BISHOPSGATE.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS (continued).
    STREET OK PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.