[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Walthamstow]

Page 12

Extracts from Vital Statistics.—The Registrar-General's midyear 1951 estimate of the home population (viz., 120,900) has been used for the calculation of all vital statistics.

		Total	Males	Females

Page 14

Birth-Rates, Death-Rates, Analysis of Mortality, Maternal Mortality, and Case Rates for certain Infectious Diseases in the year 1951. Provisional figures based on quarterly returns.

	England and Wales.		126 County Boroughs and Great Towns (including London)		148 Smaller Towns (Resident Population 25,000-50,000 at 1931 Census)		London Adminis' trative County.		Walthamstow.
	Rates per 1,000 Home Population

Page 15

Causes of Death as given by the Registrar-General for the year 1951 Whole District

Causes of Death				Males	Females	Total	1950

Page 16

INFANT DEATHS, NEO-NATAL MORTALITY AND STILLBIRTHS

Year.	Live Births.	Birth Rate.	Stillbirths.			Neo-Natal Deaths.		Infant Deaths.
			No.	Per 1,000 live births.	Per 1,000 population.	No.	Per 1,000 live births.	No.	Per 1,000 live births.

Page 16

Deaths due to Pregnancy and Child-Bearing and/or associated therewith during 1951

Case No.	Duration of Pregnancy	Date of Death	Certihed Cause of Death and Classification	Age	Ward

Page 16

The maternal mortality rates (per 1,000 total births) for the past five years have been given as follows:—

Year.	Total Births Registered.	Deaths.			Rates per 1,000 Births. (Live and Still)
Year.	Total Births Registered.	Puerperal Sepsis.	Other Puerperal Causes.	Total.	Puerperal Sepsis.	Other Puerperal Causes.	Total.

Page 18

The following table shows the maternal mortality, stillbirth and neo-natal death rates for the past five years:—

Rate (per 1,000 live births).	1951.	1950.	1949.	1948.	1947.

Page 18

The Registrar-General's returns show the following registrations during the calendar year:—

(a) Live Births.	Males.	Females.	Totals.

Page 18

Of the 1,701 local registrations, 363 belonging to other areas are excluded, leaving a nett total of 1,338. There were no non-notified births during 1951.

	St. James Street.		High Street.		Hoe Street.		Wood Street.		Hale End.		Higham Hill.		Total.

Page 21

7. Public Health Act, 1936—Nursing Homes:—

	No. of Homes.	No. of Patients provided for.
	No. of Homes.	Maternity Patients.	Others.	Totals.

Page 22

Mr. F. W. Kemp, Chief Sanitary Inspector, reports as follows:—

No. of inspections made.	No. of nuisances detected.	No. of complaints received.	No. of Intimation Notices		No. of Statutory Notices.		Total Visits.
No. of inspections made.	No. of nuisances detected.	No. of complaints received.	Served.	Complied with.	Served.	Complied with.	Total Visits.

Page 23

Rooms disinfected, 159; Articles disinfected, 387; Articles destroyed at Low Hall Lane, 80.

Special Premises.		Number	Visits paid

Page 24

Continued from previous page...

Special Premises (continued).	Number	Visits paid

Page 27

Houses erected by the Local Authority during 1951:—

Page 27

Houses erected by Private Enterprise during 1951:—

Page 30

Part B. — Unfit houses not included in Clearance Areas.

(1) Housing Act, 1936	Number of houses	Number of persons i displaced

Page 31

The position at the end of 1951 was as follows:—

	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3	Class 4	Total

Page 32

The following table gives details of samples taken:—

Grade	No. of Samples	Results
Grade	No. of Samples	Satisfactory	Unsatisfactory (Methylene Blue Test)

Page 34

The following summary gives the comparative results of the old standard test and the new (provisional) test. Grades I and II of the latter are considered satisfactory.

Place Count	Coliform Reaction (in 1/10 ml.)	Bacterium coli (in 1/10 ml.)	Satisfactory	*Passable	Not Passable	Methylene Blue Test
						Reduction time	Grade

Page 35

Continued from previous page...

Plate Count	Coliform Reaction (in 1/10 ml.)	Bacterium coli (in 1/10 ml.	Satisfactory	•Passable	Not Passable	Methylene Blue Test
						Reduction time	Grade

Page 36

Continued from previous page...

Plate Count	Coliform Reaction (in 1/10 ml.)	Bacterium coli (in 1/10 ml.	Satisfactory	*Passable	Not Passable	Methylene Blue Test
						Reduction time	Grade

Page 39

Four were reported as being unsatisfactory, particulars of same are given below:—

Description of Article	Result of Analysis	Action Taken

Page 39

The following summary gives details of food and drugs sampled and the results of analyses:—

	No. examined			No. unsatisfactory
	Formal	Informal	Total	Formal	Informal	Total

Page 40

Continued from previous page...

	No. examined			No. unsatisfactory
	Formal	Informal	Total	Formal	Informal	Total

Page 42

The following summary of work carried out during the year is in the revised form as suggested by the Infestation Control Division :—

	Type of Property
	Local Authority	Dwelling Houses	Agricultural	All other (including Business & Industrial)	TOTAL

Page 43

1.—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, ETC. Including Inspections Made by Sanitary Inspectors.

Premises.	No. on Register	Number of
Premises.	No. on Register	Inspections.	Written Notices.	Occupiers Prosecuted.
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)

Page 43

2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, ETC.

Particulars.		Number of Defects.				Number of cases in which prosecutions were instituted
Particulars.		Found.	Remedied.	Referred to H.M. Inspector.	Referred By H.M. Inspector	Number of cases in which prosecutions were instituted
(1)		(2)	(3)	(4)	(6)	(6)

Page 45

General. — The following tables show the age and ward incidence of the various infectious diseases which are referred to in later pages of the report.

	All ages.				Under 1 yr.	1-5 yrs.	5-15 yrs.		15-25 yrs.		25-45 yrs.		45-65 yrs.		65 & over.
	1951		1950		Under 1 yr.	1-5 yrs.	5-15 yrs.		15-25 yrs.		25-45 yrs.		45-65 yrs.		65 & over.

Page 46

The Registrar-General gives the statistics for the 52 weeks ended 31st December, 1951, and these are given in the following table together with the case rates per 1,000 population both for England and Wales and for Walthamstow :—

Disease.	Scarlet Fever.	Diphtheria.	Enteric Fever.	Pneumonia.	Puerperal Pyrexia.	Erysipelas

Page 48

During the post-war years, the general position in regard to these childhood infections has been as follows:—

Year	Measles	Whooping Cough

Page 48

The age incidence was as follows:—

	Under 1 yr.	1-2 yrs.	2-3 yrs.	3-4 yrs.	4-5 yrs.	Over 5 yrs.	Total

Page 49

Five cases were notified, the particulars being as follows:—

Sex	Age	Ward	Hospital	Remarks

Page 51

BACILLARY DYSENTERY Unlike its predecessor, 1951 produced a considerable amount of dysentery. The 159 notifications are analysed below :—

Page 51

Notifications of dysentery in previous years have been as follows :—

Year	No. of notifications	Year	No. of notifications

Page 52

During 1951 both Day Nurseries were again affected, the details being as follows :—

Nursery.	Date of commencement.	Date last case cleared	No. of cases.

Page 55

ERYSIPELAS The incidence by months and Wards is given below:—

Page 56

The following table shows particulars of new cases of tuberculosis and of all deaths from the disease in the Borough during 1951 :—

Age Periods.	New Cases.				Deaths.
Age Periods.	Pulmonary.		Non-Pulmonary.		Pulmonary.		Non-Pulmonary.
	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.

Page 56

The returns for the past two years are compared below :—

Year.	New Cases.					Deaths.
Year.	Pulmonary.		Non-Pulmonary.		Total.	Pulmonary.		Non-Pulmonary.		Total.

Page 56

The period elapsing between notification and death and the number of cases not notified were as follows

Under 3 months.		3 to 6 months.		6 to 9 months.		9 to 12 months.		Over 12 months.		Not notified.		Notified after death.
Pul.	Non-Pul.	Pul.	Non-Pul.	Pul.	Non-Pul.	Pul.	Non-Pul.	Pul.	Non-Pul.	Pul.	Non-Pul.	Pul.	Non-Pul.

Page 57

The table given below shows the number of cases on the register at the beginning and end of 1951 :—

	Pulmonary.		Total.	Non-Pulmonary.		Total.	Grand Total.
	M.	F.		M.	F.

Page 57

Removals from the Register are made up as follows :—

Deaths.				Removals.
Pulmonary.		Non-Pulmonary.		Pulmonary.		Non-Pulmonary.
M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.

Page 57

Deaths from Tuberculosis in 1950. The following rates were received from the Registrar-General's Office after publication of the 1950 report :—

	England and Wales	126 County Boroughs and Great Towns (including London)	148 Smaller Towns (Resident Population 25,000-50.000 at 1931 Census)	London Administrative County	Walthamstow

Page 58

Virtually all milk has in fact been so treated since 1949 and it is of interest to note the decrease in notifications of non-pulmonary tuberculosis— which is mainly due to the consumption of milk infected with tubercle—with increasing heat-treatment of milk :—

Year	Heat Treated Milk (Estimated percentage)	Notifications	Deaths

Page 60

Dr. F. Marsh, Pathologist in charge of the Laboratory at Epping, has kindly supplied the following information in regard to work done in Walthamstow :—

	Jan.	Feb	Mar.	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec	Total

Page 68

Herewith is a summary of the work done during the years 1950 and 1951:-

	1950	1951

Page 69

The following table summarises the attendances at the Clinics held :—

New Patients—	Ante-Natal	Post-Natal

Page 70

Continued from previous page...

Total Attendances—	Ante-Natal	Post-Natal

Page 70

CONFINEMENTS The following table shows the location of confinements during 1951 :—

Page 71

INFANT MORTALITY The deaths of infants under one year were: —

	Males.	Females.	Totals.

Page 72

The Infant Mortality Rates for other areas during 1951 were as follows :

Page 73

CAUSES OF DEATH OF CHILDREN UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE—1951

	Under 1 week.	1-2 weeks.	2-3 weeks.	3-4 weeks.	Total deaths under 4 weeks.	4 weeks and under 3 months.	3 months and under 6 months.	6 months and under 9 months.	9 months and under 12 months.	Total deaths under 1 year.	St. James St.	High Street.	Hoe Street.	Wood Street.	Hale End.	Higham Hill.	Total.

Page 74

The following table gives deaths by age groups :—

Page 75

Illegitimate Births and Mortality

Year	Live Births		Infant Deaths		Death Rates per 1,000 Live Births
Year	Legitimate	Illegitimate	Legitimate	Illegitimate	Legitimate	Illegitimate

Page 75

Mothers of all religious denominations are cared for and the work done during 1951 is summarised below by Miss Williams, the Superintendent :—

Admitted	Adults	Babies	Total

Page 76

Summary of Attendances at Welfare Clinics

Clinic.	First Attendances of New Cases.			Re-attendances.			Grand Total.
Clinic.	Under 1 yr. of age.	1-5 yrs. of age.	Total.	Under 1 yr. of age.	1-5 yrs. of age.	Total.	Grand Total.

Page 77

The work done during the calendar year is shown in the following table compiled from information kindly supplied by Miss D. Carter: —

	First Attendances of New Cases.			Re-attendances.			Grand Total.
	Under 1 yr.	1-5 yrs.	Total.	Under l yr.	1-5 yrs.	Total.	Grand Total.

Page 77

Summary of Attendances at all Welfare Clinics

	First Attendances.			Re-attendances.			Grand Total.
	Under 1 year of age.	1-5 years of age.	Total.	Under 1 year of age.	1-5 years of age.	Total.	Grand Total.

Page 79

The following gives details of the work done during the year by the Dental Officers :— Numbers provided with dental care :

	Expectant and nursing mothers	Children under 5

Page 80

Referred by :—

Page 80

Classification of cases :—

Page 81

The quantity and value of nutrients and medicaments sold and issued free during 1951 was as follows:—

	Sales		Free Issue
	lbs.	ozs.	lbs.	ozs.

Page 82

The following table shows the average attendances at the Day Nurseries during 1951 (Mondays to Fridays only).

Month	Nurseries	Under 2 yrs.	Over 2 yrs.	Total

Page 83

Miss Helen Rodway, F.R.C.O.G., states that the number of patients attending has been as follows :—

	New Cases.	Attendances.

Page 84

The following table shows the work done by Midwives (including those employed at Thorpe Coombe Maternity Hospital) during 1951 :—

Page 84

The previous table includes the following numbers in regard to work done at Thorpe Coombe Maternity Hospital :—

Page 84

The percentage of Medical Aid Notices were :—

Page 84

The conditions for which Medical Aid was summoned by Midwives in domiciliary practice and private nursing homes have been summarised and are as follows :—

Page 85

For complications during labour: —

Page 85

For complications in regard to the infant: —

Page 85

The table below shows the number of District visits done :—

Ante-Natal Examinations.			Deliveries.		Lying-in Visits.	Total Visits.
Patients' Homes.	Midwife's House.	Clinic.	Mid.	Mat.	Lying-in Visits.	Total Visits.

Page 86

Home Visits

	To Children under 1 year of age.			To Children 1-5 years of age.	Total.
	First.	Subsequent.	Total.	To Children 1-5 years of age.	Total.

Page 87

From the above table it will be seen that of 1,637 children, 1,293, or 78.9 per cent., were breast fed on first being visited, and only five babies had no separate sleeping accommodation. 471 infants lived in accommodation of three rooms or less, as compared with 402 in 1950.

		How Fed.			Sleeping Arrangements.		Condition of Baby.			Accommodation.
		Breast	Breast & Hand	Hand	With Mother	Cot or Cradle	Good	Fair	Bad	Whole house	Flat	Half house	Three rooms	Two rooms	One room

Page 90

" Midwifery and Maternity Nursing undertaken during the year was as follows :—

	Cases	Visits

Page 90

" The following gives details of Home Visits during the year :—

	New cases	Total visits

Page 91

Total number of immunisations completed during 1951 :—

Page 92

DIPHTHERIA IMMUNISATION

Age at Immunisation											Percentage Immunised to Population in Age Groups				Notified Cases
Year	Regd. Births	0—1 year	1—2 years	2—3 years	3—4 years	4—5 years	Total 0—5 years	School Age	Over School Age	Grand Total	% 0—1 to Total Births	% 0—5 years	% 5—15 years	% 0—15 years	Admitted to Hospital	Diagnosis Confirmed	Deaths

Page 93

Immunisation is restricted to infants under 18 months old.

	Age at date of Final Injection
	Under 1 year	1-2 years	2-3 years	3-4 years	4-5 years	5-14 years	Total

Page 93

The ages of persons vaccinated is shown below :—

	Age at date of Vaccination
	Under 1 year	1-2 year	2-4 year	5-14 year	15 and over	Total

Page 95

Patients assisted with—

Page 97

DOMESTIC HELP

Page 97

Analysis :

Acute	Chronic	Old People (not sick)	T.B.	Total

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Walthamstow 1951

81 tables in this report

Extracts from Vital Statistics.—The Registrar-General's midyear 1951 estimate of the home population (viz., 120,900) has been used for the calculation of all vital statistics.

Birth-Rates, Death-Rates, Analysis of Mortality, Maternal Mortality, and Case Rates for certain Infectious Diseases in the year 1951. Provisional figures based on quarterly returns.

Causes of Death as given by the Registrar-General for the year 1951 Whole District

INFANT DEATHS, NEO-NATAL MORTALITY AND STILLBIRTHS

Deaths due to Pregnancy and Child-Bearing and/or associated therewith during 1951

The maternal mortality rates (per 1,000 total births) for the past five years have been given as follows:—

The following table shows the maternal mortality, stillbirth and neo-natal death rates for the past five years:—

The Registrar-General's returns show the following registrations during the calendar year:—

Of the 1,701 local registrations, 363 belonging to other areas are excluded, leaving a nett total of 1,338. There were no non-notified births during 1951.

7. Public Health Act, 1936—Nursing Homes:—

Mr. F. W. Kemp, Chief Sanitary Inspector, reports as follows:—

Rooms disinfected, 159; Articles disinfected, 387; Articles destroyed at Low Hall Lane, 80.

Continued from previous page...

Houses erected by the Local Authority during 1951:—

Houses erected by Private Enterprise during 1951:—

Part B. — Unfit houses not included in Clearance Areas.

The position at the end of 1951 was as follows:—

The following table gives details of samples taken:—

The following summary gives the comparative results of the old standard test and the new (provisional) test. Grades I and II of the latter are considered satisfactory.

Continued from previous page...

Continued from previous page...

Four were reported as being unsatisfactory, particulars of same are given below:—

The following summary gives details of food and drugs sampled and the results of analyses:—

Continued from previous page...

The following summary of work carried out during the year is in the revised form as suggested by the Infestation Control Division :—

1.—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, ETC. Including Inspections Made by Sanitary Inspectors.

2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, ETC.

General. — The following tables show the age and ward incidence of the various infectious diseases which are referred to in later pages of the report.

The Registrar-General gives the statistics for the 52 weeks ended 31st December, 1951, and these are given in the following table together with the case rates per 1,000 population both for England and Wales and for Walthamstow :—

During the post-war years, the general position in regard to these childhood infections has been as follows:—

The age incidence was as follows:—

Five cases were notified, the particulars being as follows:—

BACILLARY DYSENTERY Unlike its predecessor, 1951 produced a considerable amount of dysentery. The 159 notifications are analysed below :—

Notifications of dysentery in previous years have been as follows :—

During 1951 both Day Nurseries were again affected, the details being as follows :—

ERYSIPELAS The incidence by months and Wards is given below:—

The following table shows particulars of new cases of tuberculosis and of all deaths from the disease in the Borough during 1951 :—

The returns for the past two years are compared below :—

The period elapsing between notification and death and the number of cases not notified were as follows

The table given below shows the number of cases on the register at the beginning and end of 1951 :—

Removals from the Register are made up as follows :—

Deaths from Tuberculosis in 1950. The following rates were received from the Registrar-General's Office after publication of the 1950 report :—

Virtually all milk has in fact been so treated since 1949 and it is of interest to note the decrease in notifications of non-pulmonary tuberculosis— which is mainly due to the consumption of milk infected with tubercle—with increasing heat-treatment of milk :—

Dr. F. Marsh, Pathologist in charge of the Laboratory at Epping, has kindly supplied the following information in regard to work done in Walthamstow :—

Herewith is a summary of the work done during the years 1950 and 1951:-

The following table summarises the attendances at the Clinics held :—

Continued from previous page...

CONFINEMENTS The following table shows the location of confinements during 1951 :—

INFANT MORTALITY The deaths of infants under one year were: —

The Infant Mortality Rates for other areas during 1951 were as follows :

CAUSES OF DEATH OF CHILDREN UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE—1951

The following table gives deaths by age groups :—

Illegitimate Births and Mortality

Mothers of all religious denominations are cared for and the work done during 1951 is summarised below by Miss Williams, the Superintendent :—

Summary of Attendances at Welfare Clinics

The work done during the calendar year is shown in the following table compiled from information kindly supplied by Miss D. Carter: —

Summary of Attendances at all Welfare Clinics

The following gives details of the work done during the year by the Dental Officers :— Numbers provided with dental care :

Referred by :—

Classification of cases :—

The quantity and value of nutrients and medicaments sold and issued free during 1951 was as follows:—

The following table shows the average attendances at the Day Nurseries during 1951 (Mondays to Fridays only).

Miss Helen Rodway, F.R.C.O.G., states that the number of patients attending has been as follows :—

The following table shows the work done by Midwives (including those employed at Thorpe Coombe Maternity Hospital) during 1951 :—

The previous table includes the following numbers in regard to work done at Thorpe Coombe Maternity Hospital :—

The percentage of Medical Aid Notices were :—

The conditions for which Medical Aid was summoned by Midwives in domiciliary practice and private nursing homes have been summarised and are as follows :—

For complications during labour: —

For complications in regard to the infant: —

The table below shows the number of District visits done :—

Home Visits

From the above table it will be seen that of 1,637 children, 1,293, or 78.9 per cent., were breast fed on first being visited, and only five babies had no separate sleeping accommodation. 471 infants lived in accommodation of three rooms or less, as compared with 402 in 1950.

" Midwifery and Maternity Nursing undertaken during the year was as follows :—