Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for East Ham]
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| Total. | Males | Females. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 1 Year | 1-2 Years | 2-5 Years | 5-15 Years | 15-25 Years | 25-35 \ ears | 35-45 Years | 45-55 Years | 55-65 Years | 65-75 Years | 75 Years and upwards |
|---|
| Puerperal Sepsis | Other Causes | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| England & Wales | East Ham | England & Wales | East Ham | England & Wales | East Ham | |
| No. | Diagnosis. | Where treated. | Result. |
|---|
| Rate per 1,000 Population. | Annual Death Rate per 1,000 Population. | Rate per 1,000 Live Births. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live Births. | Still Births. | All Causes | Typhoid and Para-typhoid Fevers. | Small-pox. | Measles. | Scarlet Fever | Whooping Cough. | Diphtheria. | Influenza. | Violence. | Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under two years). | Total Deaths under One Yr. | |
| Cause of death. | All ages. | Deaths at different periods of life of residents whether occurring within or without the district. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-5 years | 5-15 year | 15-25 years | 25-35 years | 35-45 years | 45-55 years | 55-65 years | 65-75 years | 75 years and upwards. | |||
| Cause of death. | Wards. | Total. | Deaths in Institutions. | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manor Park. | Little Ilford. | Wood-grange. | Plashet. | Kensington. | Castle | Central. | Wall End. | Great-field. | South. | ||||
| Cause of Death. | Sex | Ages. | Total under 1 year. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 1 week | 1-2 weeks. | 2-3 weeks. | 3-4 weeks. | 1-3 months. | 3-6 months. | 6-9 months. | 9-12 months. | |||
| Specimen | Number |
|---|
| Number. | Positive. | Negative. |
|---|
| Name of Act adopted | Date of Adoption | Date of Coming into Operation |
|---|
| No. of individual patients. | No. of attendances at homes. | No. of attendances at Surgery. | Total No. of attendances | No. of occasions medicines supplied without seeing patients. | No. of recommendations for extra nourishment. |
|---|
| Situation. | Purpose Used. | Sessions. |
|---|
| Male. | Female. | Total |
|---|
| Numbers in 1935. | Numbers in previous year. |
|---|
| Numbers in 1935. | Numbers in previous year. |
|---|
| Institution. | No. of Beds. | Type. |
|---|
| Institution. | Chargeable on 31.12.34 | Admitted during 1935 | Born during 1935 | Total. | Discharged. | Died. | Transferred to other Instns. | Chargeable on 31.12.35. |
|---|
| Disease | East Ham | West Ham | Essex | Total |
|---|
| No. of cases. | Nature of illness | Age | Hospital |
|---|
| Disease | East Ham | West Ham | Essex | Total |
|---|
| VISITS. | No. of reports— register, files, &c. | Number of interviews | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statutory Supervision | Guardianship | Institution | Training Centre | Friendly Care | Total | ||
| M. | F. | T. |
|---|
| M. | F. | T. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning Session—Males. | Afternoon Session— Girls and Juniors. | Grand Total Attendances | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. on Register | No. of Sessions held | Total Attendances | Average Attendance | No. on Register | No. of Sessions held | Total Attendances | Average Attendance | |
| Year. | No. of technically Blind Persons on Register. | No. of Visits to same. Daily.Eve'ng. | No. of Partially Blind Persons | No. of Visits to same | Other Visits. | Total Visits. | No. of Lessons Given | Lessons Given in | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cane Basket Work. | Braille | Moon. | Knitting. | Crochet. | Wool Ball Work. | Manual. | Straw- bag making | |||||||||
| Age Period 0—1 | Age Period 1—5 | Age Period 5—16 | Age Period 16—21 | Age Period 21—40 | Age Period 40—50 | Age Period 50—65 | Age Period 65—70 | Age Period 70 and over | (i) Total of all age groups. (ii) Age Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | M. | F. | T. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. O'Moore | Dr. Brews | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disease. | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 |
|---|
| Disease. | Cases notified in whole district. | Ward distribution of Cases. | No. of Cases removed to hospital. | Total deaths in Borough. | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At all ages—years | Manor Park. | Little Ilford. | Wood-grange. | Plashet. | Kensington. | Castle. | Central. | Wall End. | Great-field. | South. | ||||||||||||
| At all ages | Under 1 | 1 to 5 | 5 to 10 | 10 to 15 | 15 to 20 | 20 to 35 | 35 to 45 | 45 to 65 | 65 and up. | |||||||||||||
| Vision Unimpaired. | Vision Impaired. | Vision Lost. | Still under treatment at end of year. | Died. | Removed from District. | Not Classified. |
|---|
| Disease. | Remaining at end of 1934 | Admitted during 1935 | Died during 1935 | Discharged during 1935 | Remaining at end of 1935 |
|---|
| Expenditure | Cost per Patient per week | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| £ | s. | d. | |
| Parts of Ages Body | 0-1 | 1-2 | 2-5 | 5-15 | 15-25 | 25-35 | 35-45 | 45-55 | 55-65 | 65-75 | 75 and upwards | Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affected. Sex | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F |
| Total Attendances. | Medical Examinations. |
|---|
| Diagnosis. | Pulmonary. | Non-Pulmonary. | Total. | Grand Total | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults. | Children. | Adults. | Children. | Adults. | Children. | ||||||||
| M. | P. | M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F. | ||
| Condition at the time of the last record made during the year to which the return relates | Previous to 1926 | 1926 | Class T.B. minus | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class T.B. minus | Class T.B. plus | Class T.B. minus | Class T.B. plus | Class T.B. plus | Class T.B. minus | Class T.B. plus | Class T.B. minus | Class T.B. plus | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | Group 2 | Group 3 | Total(Class T.B. Plus) | Group | Group 2 | Group 3 | TotaI(Class T.B. PIui) | Group | Group 2 | Group 3 | Tota(lClass'T.B. Plus)| | Group | Group 2 | Group 3 | Toul(Class T.B. Plus) | Group | Group 2 | Group 3 | Total(Class T.B. Plus) | |||||||||
| Condition at the time of the last record made during the year to which the return relates | Previous to 1926 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bones and Joints | Abdominal | Other Organs | Peripheral Glands | Total | Bones and Joints | Abdominal | Other Organs | Peripheral Glands | Total | Bones and Joints | Abdominal | Other Organs | Peripheral Glands | Total | Bones and Joints | Abdominal | Other Organs | Peripheral Glands | Total | Bones and Joints | Abdominal | Other Organs | Peripheral Glands | Total | ||||
| Case No. | Date. | Treatment. | Cost. £ s. d. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expenditure | Cost per Patient per week | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name of Institution | For Pulmonary Cases | For Non-Pulmonary Cases | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults | Children under 15 | Adults | Children under 15 | ||
| In Institution on Jan. 1 | Admitted during the year. | Discharged during the year | Died in the Institution. | In Institution on Dec. 31. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||
| Classification on admission to the Institution. | Condition at time of discharge. | Duration of Residential Treatment in the Institution. | Grand Totals. | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 3 months, but exceeding 28 days. | 3-6 months. | 6-12 months. | More than 12 months. | Totals. | ||||||||||||||
| M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | ||||
| Classification on admission to the . Institution. | Condition at time of discharge. | Duration of Residential Treatment in the Institution. | Grand Totals. | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 3 months, but exceeding 28 days. | 3-6 months. | 6-12 months. | More than 12 months. | Totals. | ||||||||||||||
| M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | ||||
| In Institutions on Jan. 1 | Admitted during the year. | Discharged during the year. | Died in the Institutions. | In Institutions on Dec. 31. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||
| Diagnosis on discharge from observation. | For Pulmonary Tuberculosis. | For Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis. | Totals. | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stay under 4 weeks. | Stay over 4 weeks. | Stay under 4 weeks. | Stay over 4 weeks. | ||||||||||||
| M. | F. | Ch | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | |
| In Institutions on Jan. 1 (1) | Admitted during the year. (2) | Discharged during the year. (3) | Died in the institutions. (4) | In Institutions on Dec. 31. (5) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification on admission to the Institution. | Condition at time of discharge. | Duration of Residential Treatment in the Institution. | Grand Totals. | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 3 months, but exceeding 28 days. | 3-6 months. | 6-12 months. | More than 12 months. | Totals. | ||||||||||||||
| M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | M. | F. | Ch. | ||||
| Classification on admission to the Institution. | Condition at time of discharge. | Duration of Residential Treatment in the Institution. | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 3 months, but exceeding 28 days. | 3-6 months. | 6-12 months. | More than 12 months. | Totals. | Grand Totals. | |||||||||||||
| Age periods. | 0-1 | 1-5 | 5-10 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 25-35 | 35-45 | 45-55 | 55-65 | 65 & over | Total (all ages) | Total notifications. |
|---|
| Age periods. | 0-1 | 1-5 | 5-10 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 25-35 | 35-45 | 45-55 | 55-65 | 65 and over | Total cases. |
|---|
| Source of Information. | No. of Cases. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary. | Non-pulmonary. | ||
| Number of cases of Tuberculosis remaining at the 31st December 1935, on the Registers of Notifications kept by the Medical Officer of Health of the County Borough | Pulmonary | Non-pulmonary | Total Cases | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Total | Males | Females | Total | ||
| Ages. | Pulmonary | Abdominal. | Meninges. | Bones and Joints. | Glands. | Other Organs. | Disseminated. | All forms. | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals | Males | Females | Totals. | |
| Age Periods. | New Cases. | Deaths. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary. | Non-Pulm. | Pulmonary. | Non-Pulm. | |||||
| (1) Live Register. | January. | February. | March. | April. | May. | June. | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Boys | Wmn. | Girls | Men | Boys | Wmn. | Girls | Men | Boys | Wmn. | Girls | Men | Boys | Wmn. | Girls Men | Boys | Wmn. | Girls | Men | Boys | Wmn. | Girls | ||
| 1935 | Men | Women | Children | Total 1935 | Total 1934 |
|---|
| Months. | Temperature of Air during the Month. | Mean Temperature of Air. | Rainfall. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest Maximum. | Lowest Minimum. | Mean of | No of Days on which Rain fell, 0.01 and over | Amount collected in inches. | Mean rate of for Rainy Days. | Greatest fall in 24 hours. | Date of greatest fall. | |||
| All Highest. | All Lowest. | |||||||||
| Premises. | Number of | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Inspections. | Written notices. | Occupiers prosecuted. | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| Particulars. | Number of defects. | Number of offences in respect to which prosecutions were instituted. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Found. | Remedied. | Referred to H.M. Inspector. | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| Total | Ordinary | Sterilised. | Pasteurised. | Grade "A" | Grade "A.T.T." |
|---|
| Number of Samples. | Percentage samples adulterated. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Examined. | Found adulterated or below standard. | ||
| No. | I. or F. | Article. | Adulteration or Deficiency. | Action Taken. |
|---|
| 1931. | 1932. | 1933. | 1934. | 1935. |
|---|
| Group. | NUMBER OF CHILDREN. | Percentage of Children found to require Treatment. | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspected. | Found to require Treatment. | |||||||||||||||||
| 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | |
| Year | Number Examined | Number with Nits | Number with Head Vermin | No. of Exclusion Certificates |
|---|
| Schools. | Dept. | Number Ecam'd | Few Nits | Many Nits and Vermin |
|---|
| Schools. | Dept. | Number Exam'd | Few Nits | Many Nits and Vermin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Minor Ailments. | Discovered at Routine Medical Inspection | Discovered by Teachers and Nurses and sent to Clinic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1934 | 1935 | 1934 | 1935 | |
| Boys | Girls | Total |
|---|
| Month. | Measles | Chicken Pox | Whooping Cough | Mumps | Scarlet Fever | Diphtheria |
|---|
| Condition | Boys | Girls | Babies |
|---|
| School | No. of Months | Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
| B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | B. | G. | Totals | |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 24 | 25 | 28 | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Numbet of Cases | Treatment Obtained | Trtat-ment arranged | Cases under Observation |
|---|
| School | Age-group | Number Examined | Not having School Meals or Milk | Having School Meals or Milk | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Examined | Classification | No. Examined | Classification | |||||||||
| A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | |||||
| CORNWELL | KENSINGTON | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not having School Meals or Milk | Having School Meals or Milk | Not having School Meals or Milk | Having School Meals or Milk | ||||||||||||
| 29.9% | 70.1% | 30.7% | 69.3% | ||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D |
| No. of Sessions devoted to Treatment | No. of Attendances | No. of Permanent Teeth | No. of Temporary Teeth | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults | Children | Extracted | Filled | Extracted | Filled | |
| Defect or Disease. | Routine Inspections. | Special Inspections. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Defects. | No. of Defects. | ||||
| Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. | Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Defect or Disease. | Routine Inspections. | Special Inspections. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Defects | No. of Defects. | ||||
| Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. | Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under observation. but not requiring Treatment. | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Age-groups | Number of Children Inspected | A (Excellent | B (Normal) | C (Slightly subnormal) | D (Bad) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | '% | No. | % | ||||
| No. | % | ||||||||
| At Certified Schools for the Blind | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Schools for the Blind. | At Certified Schools for the Partially Sighted. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Schools for the Deaf. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Schools for the Deaf. | At Certified Schools for the Partially Deaf. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Schools for Mentally Defective Children. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools.f | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools.† | At other Institutions. | At or Institution, no School | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no Schocfl or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| Combination of Defect. | At Certified Special Schools. | At Public Elementary Schools. | At other Institutions. | At no School or Institution. | Total. |
|---|
| Disease or Defect. | Number of Defects treated, or under treatment during the year. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Under the Authority's Scheme. | Otherwise. | Total. | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| No. of Defects dealt with. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Under the Authority's Scheme | Otherwise. | Total. | |
| Number of Defects. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received Operative Treatment. | Received other forms of of Treatment. | Total number treated | |||||||||||
| Under the Authority's Scheme, in Clinic or Hospital | By Private Practitioner or Hospital, apart from the Authority's Scheme. | Total. | |||||||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||||||||
| Boys. | Girls |
|---|
| Prescribed Groups— | ||
|---|---|---|
| Boys. | Girls. | |
| Defect of Disease. | Routine Inspections. | Special Inspections. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Defects. | No. of Defects. | ||||||||
| Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under obser vation, but not requiring Treatment. | Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under obser vation, but not requiring Treatment. | ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||||
| Defect or Disease. | Routine Inspections. | Special Inspections. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Defects. | No. of Defects. | ||||||||
| Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under obser vation, but not requiring | Requiring Treatment. | Requiring to be kept under obser vation but not requiring | ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||||
| B | G | B | G | B | G | B | G | ||
| Age-groups. | Number of children Inspected | A (Excellent) | B (Normal) | C (Slightly subnormal) | D (Bad) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Disease or Defect. | Number of Defects treated, or under treatment during the year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under the Authority's Scheme. | Otherwise. | Total. | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||
| No. of Defects dealt with. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under the Authority's Scheme | Otherwise. | Total. | ||||
| Received Operative Treatment. | Received other forms of Treatment. | Total number treated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under the Atho-rity's Scheme, in Clinic or Hospital | By Private Practitioner or Hospital, apart from the Authority's Scheme. | Total. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||