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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1923

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1924
Pages
97
Tables
69

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69 tables in this report

  • Page 8
    The following table shows the progressive decline which has taken place since 1861 in the number of inhabitants who reside within the City boundaries, and the progressive increase in the number of workers who are daily employed in the City:—
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 9
    CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT, DEATH DURING THE YEAR 1923.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the District.Total Deaths whether of "Residents" or "Non-Residents" in Institutions in the District.
    All agesUnder 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.1-3 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.-15 and under 05 years.05 and upwards
  • Page 11
    VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1923 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable Deaths‡Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected number.Nett.
    of Nonresidents registered in the District. †of Residents not registered in the District. †Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number. *Rate.
    Number. †Rate.
    Number. *Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number. *Rate.
  • Page 12
    VACCINATION STATISTICS IN THE CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-poxDied before Vaccination.Vaccination postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious objec tions
  • Page 13
    NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.—In the following tables will be found particulars of certificates relating to cases of infectious disease, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, amp;.
    NAME OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis subsequently found to be incorrect.Net number of Cases
  • Page 14
    CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND TUBERCULOSIS NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1923.
    DISEASES.At Ages—years.No. of Cases Removed to Hospital. †
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 year and under 2 years.2 years and under 3 years.3 years and under 4 years.4 years and under 5 years.5 years and under 10 years.10 years and under 15 years.15 years and under 20 years.20 years and under 35 years.35 years and under 45 years.45 years and under years.65 years and over.
  • Page 15
    A.— PATIENTS RESIDENT IN THE CITY,
    Number ofUnder observation it the Dispensary on Jan. 1st, pending diagnosis.Examined for the first time during the year.Total.Found to beUnder observation at the Dispensary on Dec. 31st, pending diagnosis.Ceased attendance before completion of diagnosis.
    Suffering from Tuberculosis.Not suffering from Tuberculosis.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
  • Page 18
    The following table sets out the number of cases, both of Pulmonary and Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis, which were brought to my notice during the year 1923, and also the total number of deaths from Tuberculosis among City residents during the same period
    Age Periods.New Cases.Deaths.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
  • Page 19
    TUBERCULOSIS. PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from the 1st January to the 31st December, 1923, in the City of London.
    AGE-PERIODSNotifications on Form A.Notifications on Form B tNumber of Notifications on Form C-
    Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form A-Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form B.Poor Law InstitutionsSanatoria.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to IS15 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwardsTotal Primary Notifications.Under 55 to 1010 to 15Total Primary Notifications.
  • Page 21
    The total number of attendances of all persons at the clinic was 14,710, which total is made up as follows:—
    Syphilis.Soft Chancre.Gonorrhoea.Non-Venereal Conditions.Total Attendances.
    Male.Female.Male.Female.Male.Female.Male.Female.Male.Female.
  • Page 21
    The following tabulation indicates the number of patients coming under treatment for the first time from the Counties stated and also the examinations which were made for the detection of Gonococci and for the Wassermann reaction in respect of these patients:—
    No. of patients treated.For Non-Venereal Conditions.Examinations.
    For Syphilis.For Gonorrhoea.For Gonococci.For Wassermann Reactions.
  • Page 22
    RETURN RELATING TO ALL PERSONS WHO WERE TREATED AT THE TREATMENT CENTRE AT 20, GOLDEN LANE, E.C. 1, DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st DECEMBER, 1923.
    Syphilis.Soft Chancre.Gonorrhoea.Conditions other than Venereal.Total.
    MalesFemalesMalesFemaleMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemales
  • Page 23
    Statement showing the services rendered at the Treatment Centre during the year, classified according to the areas in which the patients resided.
    Name of County or County Borough (or Country in the case of persons residing elsewhere than in England and Wales) to be inserted in these headings.London.Essex.Herts.Middlesex.Surrey.Kent.Total.
  • Page 24
    CITY OF LONDON. (Including Inner and Middle Temple). Table showing the number of Houses (Inhabited, Uninhabited and Building), and Population Totals (Males and Females), recorded at each Census, 1801 to 1921.
    Year.Houses.Population.
    Inhabited.Uninhabited.Building.Persons.Males.Females.
  • Page 27
    Place of occupation of Citv Residents who work outside the City area :—
  • Page 28
    Number of Persons working in the City but enumerated elsewhere in London or the Home Counties totalled 404,309.
  • Page 29
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 31
    CITY OF LONDON (County Corporate).
    Number of Persons in Family.Number of Private Families occupying the following number of Rooms.
    1-3456-78-910 and over.
  • Page 34
    SUMMARY OF MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS DURING THE YEAR 1923.
    Month of the Year 1923.Place.3456789101112
    Rainfall in millimetres.Metric tons of deposit per square kilometre during month.
    Insoluble matterSoluble matter.Included in soluble matter.
    Tar.Carbonaceous other than tar.Ash.Loss on ignition.Ash.Total solids.Sulphateas (SO3a).Chlorine (Cl)Ammoria (NH3).
  • Page 35
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 39 Years—1885-1923.
    YEAR.Woking.*Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.LeicesterGolder's GreenBirmingham.Leeds.City of London.Sheffield.Bradford.W. Norwood.Hendon Park.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 38
    SCHEDULE OF DEFECTS. The following table shows details of the various defects and unsatisfactory conditions found during the inspection of premises at which milk is retailed —
  • Page 39
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 44
    TABLE SHOWING PERCENTAGE OF FAT IN ALL MILK SAMPLES.
    Percentage of Fat.No. of Samples.Percentage of Fat.No. of Samples.
  • Page 45
    The percentage of samples infected with the tubercle bacillus is by far the lowest recorded since 1904, when these investigations were commenced in the City, particulars of which are detailed below:—
    Year.Percentage showing Tuberculous Infection.Year.Percentage showing Tuberculous Infection.
  • Page 46
    1. MILK ; AND CREAM NOT SOLI) AS PRESERVED CREAM.
    (a) Number of samples examined for the presence of Preservative.(b) Number in which Preservative was reported to be present and percentage of Preservative found in each sample.
  • Page 46
    2. CREAM SOLD AS PRESERVED CREAM. (a) Instances in which samples have been submitted for analysis to ascertain if the statement on the labels as to preservatives were correct.
  • Page 48
    ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION REGARDING SAMPLES
    Name of Article.Identification No. given to the sample in the Quarterly Report.Result of Analysis.If any legal proceedings were instituted under the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If any legal proceedings were instituted under Acts other than the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state-result, showing fines and costs separately.
  • Page 49
    NOT REPORTED TO BE GENUINE.
    If no legal proceedings were instituted, state briefly the course adopted in regard to each sample.Information, if any, as to previous convictions.Remarks on any point of special interest.
  • Page 50 51
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (MILK AND CREAM) REGULATIONS. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1923.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th SeDtember.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1923.
    No of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 52 53
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, and the PUBLIC HEALTH (MILK AND CREAM) REGULATIONS.—Continued.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March,Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th SeptemberQuarter ending 31st December.Total for 1923.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 55
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875 TO 1907. THE PUBLIC HEALTH (MILK AND CREAM) REGULATIONS, 1912 and 1917. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS, 1923. First Quarter.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of A dulteration.Result.
  • Page 55
    SUMMARY.
    £S.d.£s.d.
  • Page 55
    IMPORTS OF FRESH MEAT AND BACON FOR TWELVE MONTHS, 1923.
    Beef. Cwts.Mutton. Cwts.Pork. Cwts.Bacon. Cwts.
  • Page 56
    The amount of food which passed through the Central Markets, Smithfield, during the year 1923, forms a record in the history of the Market, there being an increase of 7,326 tons over the amount for 1922.
    * Origin.1923. Tons.1822. Tons.Difference. Tons.
  • Page 58
    UNSOUND MEAT REMOVED FROM COLD STORES.
    Article.No.How PackedOrigin.Cause for Destruction.TonsCwts.Qrs.lbs.
  • Page 59
    LEADENHALL MARKET AND CITY SHOPS. The Leadenhall Market and City Shops have been systematically inspected during the year, and the following table shows the amount and variety of unsound food dealt with:—
  • Page 59
    Number of animals killed during those hours were:—
  • Page 60
    An analysis of the records shows that the percentage of animals with tuberculosis was:—
  • Page 60
    The carcases showing lesions of the disease were disposed of as follows:—
    Carcases Destroyed.Quarters Destroyed.
  • Page 60
    Ten of the calves were affected with localised tuberculosis and again it is interesting to observe, from a point of view of infection, the positions of the lesions and the age of the animals which were as follows:—
    Number and ages of the Calves. 2 to 6 months.Parenchyma.Lungs.Situation of the lesions.Liver.Glands.
    Glands.Parenchyma.
  • Page 60
    TABLE I.—SHOWING NUMBER OF CARCASES AND QUARTERS SEIZED AND DESTROYED AT ALDGATE.
    Cause for Destruction,BEEF.MUTTON.VEAL.
    Carcases.QuartersCarcases.QuartersCarcases.Quarters
  • Page 61
    TABLE 2.—RECORD OF ORGANS SEIZED AT ALDGATE DURING THE YEAR 1923.
    Cause for Destruction.OXEN.CALVES.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.
  • Page 61
    TABLE 3.—DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1923.
    Date of Hearing.Name.Business.Address.Where Heard.Before whom.Offence.Result.
  • Page 62
    TABLE 4.—SHOWING AMOUNT OF TUBERCULOUS MEAT SEIZED AT THE CENTRAL MARKETS DURING 1923.
    BEEF.PORK.VEAL.
    Carcases.Qrs.Pieces.Carcases.Qrs.Pieces.CarcasesQrs.Pieces.
  • Page 62
    TABLE 5.—EXAMINATION OF ARGENTINE OX TONGUES IN THE CITY
    Owners.No. of Tongues.Percentage Examined.No. of Tongues Seized.Percentage.
  • Page 62
    TABLE 6.—SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS SURRENDERED TO OR SEIZED BY THE MEAT INSPECTORS, AND THE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN. DISEASED BEEF, MUTTON, PORK, VEAL AND ANIMAL OFFAL.
    Countries.Beef in lbs.Mutton in lbs.Pork in lbs.Veal in lbs.Offal in lbs.Total in lbs.
  • Page 63
    TABLE 7.—SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS SURRENDERED TO OR SEIZED BY THE MEAT INSPECTORS, AND THE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN. UNSOUND BEEF, MUTTON, PORK, VEAL AND ANIMAL OFFAL, Etc.
    Countries.Beef in lbs.Mutton in lbs.Pork in lbs.Veal in lbs.Offal in lbs.Venison in lbs.Bacon in lbs.
  • Page 63
    UNSOUND TINNED FOOD PRODUCTS, GAME, EGGS, CHEESE, Etc.
    Countries.Cheese in lbs.Furred Game. No.Feathered Game. No.Eggs. No.Meat in Tins. No.Milk in Tins. No.Fruit in Tins. No.
  • Page 63
    TABLE 8.—SUMMARY OF UNSOUND FOOD DESTROYED.
    Tons.Cwts.Qrs.lbs.
  • Page 63
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 50 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors% of Unsound Meat.
    Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 64
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1922 and 1923.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1922.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1922.Meat delivered at the Market, 1923.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1923.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 66
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and Percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1923.
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.cwts.Tons.cwts.Tons.cwts.Tons.cwts.qrs.Per Cent.
  • Page 66
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1923 and the five years 1918—1922.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 69
    TABLE OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS OCCURRING AT THE ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH, DURING THE YEAR 1923.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under I year.1 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 70
    RECORD OF ATTENDANCES AT THE BATHS, ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS.
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 70
    The following table gives the details of the work of disinfection carried out at the Disinfection Station during the year in connection with the export trade:—
    Number of Certificates issued.Number of articles disinfected.Fees received by the Corporation.
  • Page 73
    In addition to the foregoing, there are eleven blocks of Dwellings let out in tenements, but not placed on the Register for the reason that each holding is "self-contained," it having been decided in a Court of Law that in these circumstances they are not subject to the Bye-laws for houses let in lodgings, or occupied by members of more than one family:—
    Name and situation of Artisans 'Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five Rooms or more.
  • Page 79
    1.—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises, (1)Number.
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices; (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 79
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars, (1)Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions. (5)
    Found. (2)Remedied. (3)Referred to H.M. Inspectors. (4)
  • Page 80 81
    3.—HOME WORK.
    NATURE OF WORK.1OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110).
    Sending twice in the year.Lists.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists.†Outworkers.†Outworkers.
    (1)(2)Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.
    (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 80 81
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 80 81
    5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Class.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 85
    RATS AND MICE (DESTRUCTION) ACT, 1919. Summary Showing Investigations and Inspections Made and Details of Work Carried Out under the Above Act, for the Year ended December 31st, 1923.
    Months.No. of Buildings Inspected.Average No. of Firms in building.No. of premises Rat Infested.Total No. of Firms interested.Steps taken to destroy Rats*.Rat Proofing done, Rat-holes stopped, &c.Drainage and Sewage Work carried out during the year.Special Observations.
    Rat-Catcher Employed.Poison Used.Wire Traps.Breakbacks.Varnish TrapsOther Traps.Cats or Dogs kept.By City Engineer's Department.By M.O.H. Department.Complaints or Applications for Advice.
  • Page 88
    APPENDIX A.—STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 89
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 90
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 91
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 92
    STREET LISTS.—Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 93
    STREET LISTS.—Compiled from Notifications received.—continued.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.