London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

View report tables

Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1913

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1914
Pages
144
Tables
94

This page requires JavaScript

94 tables in this report

  • Page 10
    The undermentioned figures are abstracted from the report of the Registrar-General on the Census of England and Wales, 1911 (County of London).
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Houses.Population..
    1901.1911.1901.1911.
  • Page 11
    The following table shows the progressive decline which has taken place since 1861 in the number of inhabitants who reside within the City boundaries, and the progressive increase in the number of workers who are daily employed in the City:—
    year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 12
    TABLE 1. The Population in the various Enumeration Districts in the City of London at the Census 1911.
    Enumeration District.Dwellings or Tenements.Buildings not used as Dwellings.Population.
    Inhabited.Uninhabited.Buildings.Males.Females.Persons.
    1234
  • Page 15
    TABLE 2.
    PLace.Percentage of Population.In tenements of less than 10 rooms.In tenements of 10 or more rooms.
    Less than 1 person per room.From 1 to 2 persons per room inclusive.More than 2 persons per room.
    (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
  • Page 16
    TABLE 3.
    Place.Proportion, per 1,000 Tenements, of Tenements consisting of
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.4 rooms.5 rooms.6 rooms.7 rooms.8 rooms.9 rooms.10 rooms
    (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(k)(l)
  • Page 16
    TABLE 4.
    Place.Proportion, per 1,000 Persons, enumerated in Tenements consisting of
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.4 rooms.5 rooms.6 rooms.7 rooms.8 rooms.9 rooms.10 rooms or more.
    (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(k)(l)
  • Page 17
    TABLE 5.
    Place.Average Number of Occupants per Room in Tenements consisting of
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.4 rooms.5 rooms.6 rooms.7 rooms.8 rooms.9 rooms.1 to 9 rooms.
  • Page 17
    TABLE 6.
    Place.Proportion, per 1,000 families, of families consisting of:—
    1 person2 persons3persons4 persons5 persons6 persons7 persons8 persons9 persons10 personsl1 persons12 persons or more.
    (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(k)(l)(m)(n)
  • Page 18
    TABLE 7. Birthplaces of males and females of the population of the City of London:—
    Total Population. Males.Females.Totals.
  • Page 18
    The birthplaces of the foreigners were as follows:—
    Males.Females.Totals.
  • Page 20
    TABLE 8.
    Number of Rooms per Tenement.Number of Children under 10 years of age.Number of Private Families consisting ofTotal Number of Private Families.Total Number of Persons.
    1.2,3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.
    Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.Persons.
    (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o)(p)(q)(r)
  • Page 21
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
  • Page 22
    Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.95 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 24
    Nett Deaths from stated Causes at Various Ages under One Year of Age.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 4 Weeks.4 Weeks and under 3 Months.3 Months and under 6 Months.6 Months and under 9 Months.9 Months and under 12 Months.Total Deaths under 1 year.
  • Page 25
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 25
    City of London compared with the Metropolis for the Year 1913 and the previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Bate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent. of Deaths Registered.Deaths from prinoipal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Population(Corporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 26
    Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1913 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable Deaths.‡Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected number.Nett.Number. *Rate.of Nonresidents registered in the District. †of Residents not registered in the District. †Under 1 Year of Age.At all Agea.
    Number. †Rate.Number. *Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number. *Rate.
    12a45678910111213
  • Page 27
    Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the Year 1913.
    Causes of Death.Nett deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the district.Total Deaths whether of "residents" or " nonresidents" in institutions in the district.
    All agesUnder 1 year.1 and Under 2 years.2 and under 5 years5 and under 16years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 66 years.65 and upwards.
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
  • Page 29
    CITY OF LONDON. This Table is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Local Government Board.
    Notifiable Disease.Number of Cases Notified.Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Tears.
    Under 1.1 and under 6 years.6 and under 15 years.16 and under 25 years.26 and under 46 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
  • Page 31
    All cases of Tuberculosis have been investigated and such action taken as was possible, to improve the condition of the sufferers, and to prevent the spread of infection. The following tabulation indicates the course of events.
    Removed to Hospi tals or Sanatoria.Treated in Infirmaries.At present treated at Home.Died.Removed to other District*.Not traced.Totals.
  • Page 35
    Forty.eight samples have been taken representing supplies from the following counties
  • Page 35
    Dr. Andrewes' Report is as follows:— Report on Samples of Milk received from the City during the Month of November, 1913.
    No. of Sample.Date of Receipt.Cleanliness.Date of inoculation of guinea.pig.Date of the animal's death.Interval after inoculation.Condition of animal at death.Result as regards tubercle.
  • Page 36
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Sample.Date of receipt.Cleanliness.Date of inoculation of guinea.pig.Date of the animal's death.Interval after inoculation.Condition of animal at death.Result at regards tubercle.
  • Page 37
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Sample.Date of receipt.Cleanliness.Date of inoculation of guinea.pig.Date of the animal's death.Interval after inoculation.Condition of animal at death.Result as regards tubercle.
  • Page 38
    For purposes of comparison, I give the results obtained in previous investigations:—
    1909.
    1904. per cent.1905. per cent.1906. per cent.1907.8. per cent.1st. per cent.2nd.per cent.1910. per cent.1911.per cent.1912. per cent.1913.per cent.
  • Page 39
    MILK SAMPLES AT RAILWAY STATIONS, NOVEMBER, 1913. Result of Chemical Examination.
    Sample received.No. of SampleFat. per cent.Solids not Fat. per cent.Water. per cent.Total Solids. per cent.Nature and amount of Adulteration.Remarks.
  • Page 40
    Continued from previous page...
    Sample Received.No. of Sample.Fat. per cent.Solids not Fat.per cent.Water. per cent.Total Solids.per cent.Nature and amount of Adulteration.Remarks.
    1913.
  • Page 43
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 29 YEARS—1885-1913.
    YEAR.Woking.*Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hnll.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.Ilford.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 44
    Table of Births and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings, Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1913.
    Name of Block.Births.Mobtality fbom all Caches at subjoined ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 55 and under 1615 and under 2525 and under 6565 and upwards.
  • Page 45
    Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 45
    Record of Attendances at the Baths, Artizans' Dwellings. (The corresponding figures for 1912 are in italics.)
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adalts.
    1912.1913.1912.1913.1912.1913.1912.1913.1912.1913.
  • Page 57
    The following is a Statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year:— WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 58
    MIDDLE DISTRICT. (Inspector E. J. Simmons.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 58
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 59
    The foregoing are summarised as under:—
    DistrictN umber of inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected
  • Page 59
    REGISTERED LODGING-HOUSES.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 60
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artisans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Booms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five Rooms or more.
  • Page 60
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Boom.Two Booms.Three Booms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Booms.
  • Page 61
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Boom.Two Booms.Three Booms.Four Booms.Five, or more Booms.
  • Page 69
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows:—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 69
    The number of workers employed was as follows:—
    Men.Women.
  • Page 70
    The following is a summary of inspections of separate Workrooms, &c., since the passing of the Act:—
    Factories.Workshop Inspectors.w omen Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 76
    Death Rate of all Occupied Males and Males Engaged as Commercial Clerks and in Insurance Service at the Age-Groups 25—45 and 45—65 in the Periods 1880-2, 1890-2, 1900-2.
    Occupation.Age 25-45.Age 45-65.
    1900-2.1890-2.1880-2.1900-2.1890-2.1880-2.
  • Page 76
    Comparative Mortality of Males Aged 25—65, Among Certain Groups from Several Causes in the Two Periods 1890-2 and 1900-2.
    Causes of Death.Commercial Cletks,Occupied Males England and Wales.Occupied Males London.Occupied Males Agricultural Districts.Railway Officials and Clerks.
    1890-2.1900-2.1890-2.1900-2.1890-2.1900-2.1890-2.1900-2.1890-2.1900-2.
  • Page 83
    Summary of Work done under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, and the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, &c.
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.East District. Inspector Dunworth.West District. Inspector Robinson.West District. Miss Safford.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 84
    Certificates for Cleansing issued by Medical Officer of Health . 48 44 12 3 ... 107
  • Page 88
    The following figures show the steady increase in the number of Outworkers notified :—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 89
    1 .—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises. (I)Number
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 89
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars. (1)Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions . (5)
    Found. (2)Remedied. (3)Referred to H.M. Inspector. (4)
  • Page 90
    3.—HOME WORK.
    NATURE OF WORK. 1OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109,110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists.†Outworkers.†Lists.Outworkers.
    Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 90
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.
  • Page 90
    5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Class (1)Number. (2)
  • Page 91
    †Comparison—Supplies 1913 and 1912.
    Source of Supply or Classification.1913.1912.Difference.Rate per cent.
  • Page 91
    †Analysis of Supplies, 1913.
    Source of Supply.Beef and Veal.Ratio per cent.Mutton and Lamb.Ratio per cent.Pork and Bacon.Ratio per cent.Poultry, Game, Rabbits, &c.Ratio per cent.Totals.Ratio per cent.
  • Page 92
    Record of South American Tongues examined at the Cold Stores during the Year 1913.
    No of Boxes.No of Tongues.No. of Tongues Passed.No. of Tongues Rejected.
  • Page 94
    The following table shows the result of the examination:— Record of Swedish Meat Notified to Arrive on the Market Unexamined at the Port of London.
  • Page 94
    Examination of Meat for Export, &c. Certificates granted by the Medical Officer of Health and Veterinary Surgeon.
    Destination,f ore-quarters of Beef.Hind-quarters of Beef.Crops of Beef.Top pieces of Beef.Flanks of Beef.Briskets of Beef.Pieces of Beef (various).Carcases of Mutton.Pieces of Mutton.Carcases of Lamb.Bags of Suet.Ox Tongues.Barrels of Hogsbungs.
  • Page 95
    Carcases and Pieces.
    Beef.Pork.Calves.
    Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.
  • Page 95
    Offal.
    Beep.Pork.Calves.
    Heads.Tongues.Langs.Hearts.Livers.Spleens.Mesentery.Heads.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Mesentery.Kidneys.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.
  • Page 96
    Unsound Food Destroyed.
  • Page 97
    Unsound Food ex Cold Stores.
    Article.Quantity.How packed.Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts. qrs.lbs.
  • Page 98
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Quantity.How packed.Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 99
    The following table shows the result of this Bye-law during the year 1913:—
    Extra hours of duty performed by the Inspectors.
    Weekdays.Sundays.
    No. of Notices received.Before 6 a.m. Hours.After 9 p.m. Hours.Before 7 a.m. Hours.After 3 p.m. Hours.
    15911½33220½65½
  • Page 99
    • The following table shows the number of animals slaughtered compared with the figures for 1912 :—
    1913.1912.
  • Page 100
    Carcases and Quarters Seized and Destroyed.
    Causes for Destruction.Beep.Mutton.Veal.
    Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.
  • Page 101
    Record of Organs seized at Aldgate.
    Reason for Destruction.Oxen.Sheep.Calves.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Ridneyas.
  • Page 102
    Summary of Unsound Food Destroyed.
    Tons.cwt.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 103
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 40 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Bad Meat.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 103
    *The sources of origin of the Central Market Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent, of total annual deliveries.
    British.†Foreign Killed.American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.‡
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 103
    *Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1909.1910.1911.1912.1913.
  • Page 104
    UNSOUND MEAT, 1913. The meat, &c., seized by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1913.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
  • Page 104
    The percentages of meat seized under the various headings of the above Table during 1913 and for the preceding five years, classed as diseased, unsound and unwholesome, were as follows:—
    Year.Diseased.Unsound.1Unwholesome.
    Per Cent.Per Cent.Per Cent.
  • Page 105
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1912 and 1913.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market. 1912.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1912.Meat delivered at the Market, 1913.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1913.
  • Page 105
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1913.
    Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
  • Page 111
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1913. f
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwt.qrs.Per cent.
  • Page 111
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1913.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 112
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1913 and the five years 1908-1912.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 117
    The accompanying Table has been partly compiled from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board, to which are added some figures for the City of London, and London as a whole:—
    Year.Total Number of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total Number Examined in City of London.Number of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.City of London.London.
  • Page 117
    MILK. The decrease in milk adulteration during 1913 (as compared with 1912) is shown by the following Table:—
    Year.No. of Samples Examined.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 118
    The figures for 1913 and ten previous years are given hereunder:—
    Year.No. of samples taken.No. of samples found Genuine.No. of Samples found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 119
    The following Table shows the figures of adulteration of butter samples when bread and butter has been demanded: —
    Date.Samples taken.Cases of Substitution.Percentage Substituted Samples.
  • Page 120
    The following Table includes particulars of drug adulteration in the City during the past ten years:—
    Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 123
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907, and the PUBLIC HEALTH (MILK AND CREAM) REGULATIONS, 1912. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1913.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March-Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December-Total for 1913.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 127
    STREET LISTS. Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts
    street or place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 128
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remark.
  • Page 129
    STREET LISTS. Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.DateofNotification. 1913.
  • Page 130
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 131
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 132
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 133
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 133
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 134
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.TenementsLodgers,
  • Page 135
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 136
    1st January, 1914.
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.