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London County Council 1937

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1938
Pages
183
Tables
181

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181 tables in this report

  • Page 6
    The age and sex.distribution of this estimated population is as follows:– Table 1
    Age groupMalesFemalesTotal
  • Page 6
    The births in the resident population of each metropolitan borough during 1937 were as follows :– Table 2–Courtly of London–Births, 1937
    Metropolitan boroughs arranged in topographical orderLive.birthsStill.birthsTotal
    LegitimateIllegitimateLegitimateIllegitimateLegitimateIllegitimate
  • Page 7
    The distribution of deaths by ages in 1937 and recent preceding periods is shown in the following table :– Table 3
    Period0.1.2.5.10.15.20.25.35.45.55.65+All ages
  • Page 7
    Table 4–County of London–Deaths from street accidents
    YearAge group
    0.55.1515.2525.4545.6565 +All ages
  • Page 8
    The movement of the death.rates from the principal diseases at ages below one year since 1910 are shown in the following table:– Table 5
    Cause of death1911 to 19141915 to 19181919 to 19221923 to 19.261927 to 19301931 to 193419331934193519361937
  • Page 8
    The death.rates from various causes shown above are stated in the following table as a proportion of the deaths from all causes in each of six successive four. yearly periods and the three.year period 1935.1937:– Table 6
    Cause of death.1911 to 19141915 to 19181919 to 19221923 to 19261927 to 19301931 to 19341935 to 1037
  • Page 9
    Table 7–County of London–Infant mortality, 1937
    Cause of deathAge at deathTotalRates perl,000 live births
    Under 1 day1 to 7 days1 to 4 weeks4 weeks to 3 months3 months to 6 months6 months to 9 months9 months to 1 yearNumberMalesFemalesMalesFemales
  • Page 10
    Table 8–County of London–Mortality from various causes at 1.2 and aJl causes at 2.5 years of age in each year 1922.1937
    Year1.2 years2.5 vears
    Death.rate per 1,000 livingDeath. rate per cent, of England and Wales__ Death.rato from all causes
    DiphtheriaMeaslesWhooping coughInfluenzaPneumoniaOther causesAll causesPer 1000 livingPer cent, of England and Wales
  • Page 11
    The following table shows the age incidence of cases of cerebro.spinal fever, encephalitis lethargica, and poliomyelitis and polioencephalitis, including confirmed notified cases and deaths among unnotified cases, but excluding the unconfirmed cases:– Table 9
    Age periodsUnder 33.55.1010.2020.3030.4040.5050.60Over 60Total
  • Page 11
    The following statement shows the number of cases, notified and confirmed and the number of deaths, including deaths among unnotified cases, recorded in the Registrar.General's death returns :–
    19331934193519361937
  • Page 12
    The following table shows the age and sex incidence in 446 cases notified during the year ; in the remaining 12 cases the ages were not stated :– Table 10
    SexUnder 5 years5.15 years15.25 years25.35 years35.45 years45.55 years55.65 yearsOver Go 1 yearsTotal
  • Page 12
    The causes of illness in the 458 notified cases were stated to be as follows :–
  • Page 13
    The death.rates in London and England and Wales in recent years have been as follows:– Table 11
    Area.19261927192819291930193119321933193419351936
  • Page 13
    The death.rates in London and England and Wales in recent years are shown in the following table:– Table 12
    Area19261927192819291930193119321933193419351936
  • Page 13
    The seasonal incidence, as shown by the notifications (uncorrected for errors of diagnosis) received in successive four.weekly periods during the year, was as follows:– Table 13 Weeks of the year
    1.5.9.13.17.21.25.29.33.37.41.45.49.52
  • Page 13
    The notifications (uncorrected for errors in diagnosis), deaths and crude case. mortality during 1937 were as follows:– Table 14
    Year 1937Age.periodTotal
    0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.15 +
  • Page 13
    The death.rates in London and England and Wales in recent years are shown in the following table:– Table 15
    Area19261927192819291930193119321933193419351936
  • Page 14
    The seasonal incidence, as shown by the notifications (uncorrected for errors of diagnosis) received in successive four.weekly periods during the year, was as follows:– Table 16 Weeks of the year
    1-5-9-13-17-21-25-29-33-37-41-46-49-52
  • Page 14
    The notifications (uncorrected for errors in diagnosis), deaths and crude case. mortality during 1937 were as follows:– Table 17
    Year 1937Age.periodTotal
    0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-15 +
  • Page 14
    The death.rates in London and England and Wales in recent years are shown in the following table:– Table 18
    Area19261927192819291930193119321933193419351936
  • Page 14
    Table 19–Diphtheria–Types of cases under treatment in the Council's fever hospitals durinq 1936 and 1937
    Type of diphtheriaPercentage of total casesCase-mortality * per cent.
    1936193719361937
  • Page 15
    Table 20
    Metropolitan boroughs arranged in topographical orderChildbirth deaths* per 1,000 live.birthsNumber of deaths in child birth 1937
    1921-301931-37
    Puerperal feverOther causesTotalPuerperal feverOther causesTotalPuerperal feverOther causesTotal
  • Page 16
    Table 21 (A)–County of London–Maternal deaths from sepsis among married women, 1931.37
    Metropolitan boroughs arranged in topographical orderChildbirthMiscarriageCriminal abortion
    Age at deathAge at deathAge at death
    15 –20 –25 –30 –35 –40 –45+Total15 –20 –25 –30 –35 –40 –45+Total15 –20 –25 –30 –35 –40 –45+Total
  • Page 17
    Table 21 (B)–County of London–Maternal deaths, from causes other than sepsis, among mirried women, 1931-1937
    Metropolitan boroughs arranged in topographical orderChildbirthMiscarriageCriminal abortion
    Age at deathAge at deathAge at death
    15–20–26–30–35.40–45+Total15–20.25–30–35–40–45+Total15–1 20–25–30–35–40–45+Total
  • Page 18
    Table 22–County of London–Deaths among married women in pregnancy and childbirth in relation to social circumstances (including criminal abortion), 1931.1937
    Group (metropolitan boroughs)Cause of deathAge at deathAll agesDeaths per 1,000 legitimate live births
    Under 3535 and over
    NumberPer cent.NumberPer cent.NumberPer cent.
  • Page 19
    Table 23–Stated history of miscarriages per cent, of stated previous pregnancies among 17,931 women (married and unmarried) confined in the general hospitals of the London County Council, 1936
    Number of previous pregnanciesAges of women at confinementAll ages
    15–20–25–30–35–40–45+
  • Page 19
    Table 24–County of London–Stated history of miscarriages per cent, of stated previous pregnancies among 635 women under treatment in the general hospitals of the London County Council for the results of miscarriage or abortion
    r of previous pregnanciesAges of women on admission to hospitalAll ages
    15–20–25–30–35–40–45 +
  • Page 19
    The seasonal incidence, as shown by the notifications (uncorrected for errors of diagnosis) received in successive four-weekly periods during the year was as follows:– Table 25
    5-9-13-17-21-25-29-33-37-41-45-49-52
  • Page 20
    Table 26
    PeriodPulmonary tuberculosis death ratesNon.pulmonary tuberculosis death rates
    MalesFemalesTotalMalesFemalesTotal
  • Page 21
    Table 27
    Form of tuberculosis notifiedSexNumber of formal primary notifications of now cases of tuberculosisTotal notifications
    0–1–5–10–15–20–25–35–45–|55–65 +Total all ages
  • Page 21
    Table 28
    Form of tuberculosis notifiedSexNew cases of tuberculosis coming to knowledge otherwise than by formal notification
    0–1–5–10–15–20–25–35–45–55–65 +Total
  • Page 21
    Table 29
    Source of informationNumberof cases
    PulmonaryNon.pulmonary
  • Page 22
    Table 30
    Metropolitan boroughs in topographical orderCases on notification register at beginning of 1937Cases added to register during registration year. Brought to knowledge byCases removed from register during the registration yearCases on notification register at end of 1937
    NotificationOtherwiseCured, removed, etc.DeathsTotalPer 1,000 of population
  • Page 23
    Table 31–County of London–Cases of tuberculosis on register at the end of each year, per cent, of population, 1931-1937
    Metropolitan boroughs arranged in topographical order1931193219331934193519361937
    Pulm.Non P.Pulm.Non P.Pulm.Non P.Pulm.Non P.Pulm.Non P.Pulm.Non P.Pulm.Non P.
  • Page 24
    Table 32—County of London—Age distribution of primary notifications of tuberculosis accordin to localisation of disease, 1937 (52 weeks)
    Age groupRespiratory systemSpineHipKneeOther limbs, bones and jointsAbdominalPeripheral glandsOther sitesTotal
    LungsOther
  • Page 24
    Table 33—County of London—Age distribution of primary notifications of tuberculosis according to source of notification, 1937 (52 weeks) Tuberculosis of the respiratory system, 1937 (52 weeks)
    Age groupDispensaryHospitalPrivatel.c.o. hospitals and institutionsTotal
  • Page 24
    Other forms of tuberculosis, 1937 (52 weeks)
  • Page 25
    Tabi e 34— Vital statistics for the metropolitan boroughs and the County of London in the year 1937 (Rales per 1,000 of population)
    Metropolitan boroughs arranged in topographical orderEstimated resident population 1937Live birthsDeathsInfant mortality (per 1,000 live births)MeaslesScarlet feverDiphtheriaWhooping coughTyphoid feverDiarrhoea and enteritis, age 0-2 (per 1,000 live births)Pulmonary tuberculosisPneumoniaOther recp dis.CancerMaternal mortality (per 1,000 live births)Notifications of infectious disease (52 weeks)
    Scarlet feverDiph theriaTyphoid feverErysipelasCerebrospinal feverAcute pneumonia
  • Page 26
    Table 35—County of London—Principal causes of death by sex and age, 1937
  • Page 27
    Table 35—continued
    Causes of deathSex0—1—2—5—15—25—35—45—55—65—75-All ages.
    19371936
  • Page 28
    Table 36—Counly of London—Principal vital statistics, 1891-1937
    PeriodAnnual rate per 1,000 livingAnnual mortality per 1,000 livingAnnual mortality per 1,000 live births
    Live birthsMarriagesDeaths (all causes)Cerebrospinal feverDiphtheriaEnteric feverScarlet feverSmallpoxWhooping, coughMeaslesInfluenzaTuberculosisPneumonia (all forms)BronchitisOther resp. diseasesHeart diseaseCancerDiabetesInfants 0—1Diarrhoea and enteritis 0—2Puerperal , feverOther acc. ocf ch. birth
    PulmonaryNon-pulmonary
  • Page 29
    Table 37—County of London—Notifiable infectious diseases—Notifications per 1,000 of population
    PeriodAnthraxCerebro.spinal feverContinued feverDiphtheriaDysenteryEncephalitis IethargicaEnteric feverErysipelasMalariaOphthalmia neonatorum (per 1,000 live births)PneumoniaPolioencephalitisPoliomyelitisjfuerpenii lever (per 1,000 live births)Puerperal pyrexia (per 1,000 live births)Scarlet feverSmallpoxTyphus
  • Page 29
    Table 38—County of London—Annual number of notifications of infectious disease, 1926-37
  • Page 30
    Table 39—County of London—Notifications of infectious disease during the 52 weeks ended 1st January, 1938
    Metropolitan boroughs (in topographical order)AnthraxCerebrospinal feverContinued feverDiphtheria (including membranous croup)DysenteryEncephalitis IethargicaEnteric feverErysipelasMalariaOphthalmia neonatorumFneumonia.PolioencephalitisPolio-myelitisPuerporul feverPuerperal pvroxiaScarlet feverSmallpoxTyphus
  • Page 31
    The number of properties forming the subject of "representations" by the medical officer of health under the Housing Acts, 1930 and 1936, which have been submitted to the Housing and Public Health Committee is as follows:—
    AreasHouses"Other buildings" included under the terms of section 40(2) of the Housing Act, 1936, or the equivalent section of the previous Housing Act
  • Page 32
    in accordance with section 33 (a) of the Housing Act, 1936, it was decided to place on the Council's own programme :— Table 40
    Metropolitan borough(a) Number of houses represented to L.C.C. by its medical officers(b) Houses notified under section 33, Housing Act, 1936(c) Number of such houses which the Council decided to place on its own programme
  • Page 33
    The result of such sampling during 1937, compared with that of 1936, is as follows :— Table 41
    Quarter19361937
    Completed examinationsNumber tuberculousPercentageCompleted examinationsNumber tuberculousPercentage
  • Page 34
    Analysis of the samples taken during the year, of which examination was completed, tabulated according to the grade of the milk shows:— Table 42
    GradeNumber of samplesNumber tuberculousPercentage
  • Page 34
    Table 43
    QuarterNo. of positive samplesSource of infection traced* Not tracedInvestigation still in progress
    1st quarter2nd quarter3rd quarter4th quarterTotal
  • Page 35
    Table 44
    DepartmentApproximate stock at 31st December, 1937Visits by veterinary surgeonSamples taken of which examination completedSamples found to be tuberculousCows with tuberculosisCows with unhealthy conditions not tuberculous
    Milch cowsOther cows and heifersBullsOther bovines
  • Page 36
    A summary of the work done by the hospitals for each of the areas in the joint scheme during the year 1937 is shown in the following table :—
    LondonMiddlesexEssexSurreyKentHerts.Bucks.East HamWest HamCroydonTotal"Other places "Grand total
  • Page 37
    The distribution of new cases of venereal disease between the sexes is shown in the following table, the figures for the preceding years being given for comparison :— Table 46
    YearNew casesTotal venereal cases
    SyphilisSoft chancreGonorrhoea
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 37
    Table 47
    Under 1 year1 and under 6 years5 and under 15 years15 years and overTotal
  • Page 38
    Comparative figures for the twenty-one years during which the scheme has been in force are shown in the following table :— Table 48
    YearNew oasesTotal attendances (venereal and non-venereal) IIn-patients days
    VenerealNon-venerealTotal
  • Page 38
    Comparative figures for the twenty-one years are shown in the following table :—
    YearFrom treatment centresFrom medical practitionersYearFrom treatment centresFrom medical practitioners
  • Page 41
    The following pages indicate the operation of the tuberculosis scheme durin] the year 1937, and in certain particulars during previous years. Table 49—Beds occupied at end of year
    YearAdultsChildrenTotalYearAdultsChildrenTotal
  • Page 42
    The numbers of applications for residential treatment during each of the last five years were as follows :— Table 50
    YearFor first period ol treatmentFor further treatmentTotal
    Ex-serviceCivilian adultsChildrenEx-serviceCivilian adultsChildren
    MaleFemaleMaleFemale
  • Page 42
    Patients recommended for treatment during 1937 were dealt with (the corresponding figures for 1936 being shown in brackets):— as follows
    AdultsChildren
  • Page 42
    The extent of residential observation and treatment is shown below :— Table 51
    ClassificationIn institutions on 1st January, 1937Admitted during the yearDischarged during the yearDied in institutionsIn institutions on 31st December, 1937
  • Page 42
    The distribution of patients in institutions on 31st December, 1937, is shown below, the figures for 1936 being given in brackets :— Table 52
    Hospitals and institutionsEx-service menCivilian adultsChildren under 16 yearsTotal
  • Page 43
    The following table shows the results of observation of doubtfully tuberculous patients discharged from observation hospitals:— Table 53
    Dagnosis on discharge from observationFor pulmonary tuberculosisFor non-pulmonary tuberculosisTotal
    Stay under 4 weeksStay over 4 weeksStay under 4 weeksStay over 4 weeks
    MaleFemaleChildrenMaleFemaleChildrenMaleFemaleChildrenMaleFemaleChildrenMaleFemaleChildren
  • Page 43
    Table 54—Immediate results of treatment Adults
    ClassificationQuiescentNot quiescentDied in institutionTotal
    YearsYearsYearsYears
    1935193g1937193519361937193519361937193519361937
  • Page 44
    Children
    ClassificationQuiescentNot quiescentDied in institutionTotal
    YearsY earsYearsYears
    193519361937193519361937193519361937193519361937
  • Page 44
    lhe average numbers of patients under the scheme at Papworth and rrestor Hall, respectively, during each of the past ten years are shown below :— Table 55
    1928192913301931193219331934193519361937
  • Page 45
    The total figures now available in regard to the class T.B. plus cases are shown in the subjoined tables. Table 56—Males—Class T.B. plus
    RelationshipPreviously known caseAge group of new casesTotal
    Clinical classification0.1516-2021-2526-3031-40Over 40No.Percentage
  • Page 46
    Table 57—Females—Class T.B. plus
    RelationshipClinical classification0-1516-2021-2526-3031-40Ovei 40No.Percentage
    ParentPulm. tub. class T.B. +, living£122C43-44
    Pulm. tub class T.B. — , living2:-6
    Pulm. tub. (condition of sputum unknown), living1l13
    Non-pulm. tub., living12-31 —
    Pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years 31273248375
    Total74358811413127-5
    HusbandPulm. tub. class T.B. +, living287522
    Pulm. tub. class T.B. —, living11
    Pulm. tub. (condition of sputum unknown), living11
    Non-pulm. tub., living11
    Non-pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years112
    Pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years86620
    Total3181412479.9
    ChildPulm. tub. class T.B. +, living_131014
    Pulm. tub. class T.B —, living_156
    Pulm. tub. (condition of sputum un-112
    Non-pulm. tub., living13329_
    Non-pulm. tub . dead within last 5 years_22
    Pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years1122612
    Total1351224459.5
    Brother orPulm. tub. class T.B. +, living218312113388
    sisterPulm. tub. class T.B. —, living6672223
    Pulm. tub. (condition of sputum unknown), living—__965424
    Non-pulm. tub., living568322
    Non-pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years314
    Pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years221242318391
    Tota14507965421225253.1
    TotalPulin. tub. class T.B. +, living7305433261816835.4
    relativesPulm. tub. class T.B. —, living189738367.5
    as abovePulm. tub. (condition of sputum unknown), living110766306.3
    Non-pulm. tub., living6101162357.4
    Non-pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years31481.7
    Pulm. tub., dead within last 5 years3495737341819841.7
    Total11941439679524751000
    Other contacts23845446654249
    No known contact222293873012961991434
    Total number investigated353615754414413052158
    Percentage showing important contact31.426.024.921.817.917.0_220
    Percentage showing any contact37.136.632.731.732.934.8-33.5
  • Page 48
    A sufficient number of non-pulmonary cases has now been investigated to justify publication of a separate table, which is subjoined. Table 58—Males and females—Non-pulmonary
    RelationshipClinical classification0-1516-2021-2526-3031-40Over 40No.Percentage
  • Page 49
    Table 59—on-pulmonary tuberculosis in London—Notifications
    Classification19131922192519361937Percent age decrease on 1925
  • Page 49
    Table 60—Non-pulmonary tuberculosis in London—Total (all ages) notifications and applications for residential treatment
    YearChildrenAdultsTotal
    NotificationsApplicationsPercentageNotificationsApplicationsPer-centageNotificationsApplications
  • Page 49
    Table 61—Deaths from non-pulmonary tuberculosis in London
    Classification1913192219361937
  • Page 50
    The following table shows the result of the inquiry and also (in brackets) the corresponding figures ascertained from last year's inquiry into the 1930 discharges :— Table 62
    ClassificationTotalPercentage alive five years after dischargePercentage dead
  • Page 50
    The mortality records are as follows, the figures in brackets referring to last year's enquiry into the 1930 discharges :— Table 63
    ClassificationTotal patientsPercentage alive five years after dischargePercentage dead
  • Page 51
    The mortality rates of the non-pulmonary patients classified according to the location of the disease are as follows :— Table 64
    Location of diseaseTotalPercentage alive five years after dischargePercentage dead
  • Page 51
    During 1932, 136 T.B. minus children were discharged from residential treatment. In seven instances the diagnosis was not confirmed during subsequent supervision and these are omitted. Of the remaining 129, the following results are noted five years later:—
    No.Percentage
  • Page 53
    Table 65—Tuberculosis Dispensaries Analysis of Returns, January-December, 1937
    Metropolitan boroughOn dispensary register. 1-1-37Transferred during 1937 from other areas and cases returned after dischargeExamined for first time during 1937 (a) New cases excluding contacts (b) Contacts (printed in italics)Total number (including contacts) under dispensary supervision during 1937Removed from dispensary register during 1937On dispensary register 3l-12-37Total attendancesVisits to home for dispensary purposes byNo, of specimens of sputum examinedNo. of X ray ex amina tiorsNumber of T.B. † case on dispensary register
    Definitely tuberculousDiagnosis not confirmedPulmonaryNon-pulmonaryDiagnosis not confirmedNon-tuberculousTotal(a) lie-covered (b) Non tuberculous (printed in italics)(a) Transferred to other areas or lost sight of (b) Died (printed in italics)Definitely tuberculousDiagnosis not completed
    Tuberculosis officersNurses or health visitors
    AdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChild-ren
  • Page 54 55
    Table 65—continued
    Metropolitan boroughon dispensary register, 1-1-37Transferred during 1937 from other areas and cases returned after dischargeExamined for first time during 1937 (a) New cases excluding contacts (b) Contacts (printed in italics)Total number (including contacts) under dispensary supervision during 1037Removed from dispensary register during 1937On dispensary register 31-12-37Total attendancesVisits to home for dispensary purposes bvNo. of specimens of sputum examinedNo. of X-ray examinationsN umber of T.B. + cases on dispensary register
    Definitely tuberculousDiagnosis not confirmedPulmonaryNon-pulmonaryDiagnosis 1 not confirmedNon-tuberculousTotal(a) He-covered (b) Non-tuberculous (printed in italics)(a) Transferred to other areas or lost sight of (b) Died (printed in italics)Definitely tuberculousDiagnosis not completedTuberculosis officersNurses or health visitors
    AdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChild-renAdultsChildren
    Hackney1,1501667183125122524421156751302,467441381,201195,5022893,454961810550
    3212242179246183985801,220
    Hammersmith8331741074121118241301561,61231116824_2,5032373,837491303382
    141117415718815955586824
    Hampstead21883754321952115224516145422931,6871531,232186371130
    124331443319818232
    Holborn23811023122154407350330239192130985121135114
    511242329256611240
    Islington1,3668144222429194-438806931032,884362431,39549,5555346,466906731719
    31382802483112591,0531531,399
    Kensington53716751551119305250784291191,45438110588 153,027783,355710768306
    6114612515212663281593
    Lambeth1,3451055123932914881238770743993,166212071.4181436,6049034,3971,2861,403665
    3810369394072575143091,1572201,561
    Lewisham987310516351411619055373711,854481201,05413,4393074,758412121611
    92123181132183554771,055
    Paddington852113810051553133202994383221,8533512181076,7345115,137396443260
    72103801108282258817
    Poplar741292812741191412911764431901,7114580700165,3216107,128616361402
    41116910517410677694716
    St. Maryle-bone37510438031246111417212257692410934792,1412982,818213370182
    2216336663824337356
    St. Pancras754421112061016201120146434761,72447180779183,6411184,083564363438
    222174127178129579121797
    Shoreditch59119417871181072091223081441,3033362572 |233,7371232,986803378259
    533105841138754073595
    South wark557564911771610582118014371521,391521555261084,7821983,7775101,693303
    63121814312417013646882634
    Stepney1,676222392241221714520966469953,2011444861,395195,6855145,284844796695
    22544442564449941631,414
    Stoke Newington213525273315871312217489214918451,1321061,2823076994
    13967406720624189
    Wandsworth1,37919113208830163343462836173112,875591711,406 |494,8705985,6441,523258807
    3412122021852481881,0351551,455
    Westminster646262294231115633309481,143176685 |12,141952,915162123233
    5232975348020675686
    Woolwich877821982312114011786441992,2779783873 |65,7513974,0005061,050337
    16912902303072421,11999879
    Total21,4985381,6253,665136422263367806,5942,02411,0483,10346,6091,0033,41221,200| 5521107029,12110721416,85016,06010,269
    2676020121724,2793,9784,6674,13017,9412,41121,752
  • Page 56
    The following is a summary, for purposes of comparison, of certain sections of the foregoing table :— Table 66
    Metropolitan boroughDeaths from tuberculosisRatio of cases on dispensary register to cases on notification registerNumber per 100 deaths from tuberculosis in the boroughTotal attendances per case on registerTuberculosis officers' visits per case on registerTotal consultations with medical practitioners per case on registerNurses' visits per case on registerX-ray examinations
    ActualPer 1,000 inhabitantsDefinitely tuberculous per-sonson dfspens-ary register.T.B. + cases on dispensary registerExaminationsper 100 new cases and contactsper 100 new cases
    New casesContacts
    AdultsChildren
  • Page 58
    Mental Deficiency Acts, 1913-27 On 31st December, 1937, 11,297 cases were being dealt with by the Council under the provisions of the Mental Deficiency Acts, 1913-27. Of these, 7,017 were in institutions, 407 under guardianship, 3,847 under supervision and 26 in places of safety awaiting action. During the year 1,190 cases were examined with the following results :— Table 67
    SexSource of notificationFeeblemindedImbecileIdiotMorally defectiveNot defectiveTotal
    ChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdultsChildrenAdults
  • Page 59
    Blind Persons Act, 1920 The following table contains particulars for 1937 of applicants for registration or training under the provisions of the Blind Persons Act, 1920 :— Table 68
    DescriptionRegistration of the blindTraining of the blindTotal
    m.f.m.F.
  • Page 64
    The following statement shows the number of confinements which occurred in London in 1937, classified under the various forms of attendance. The figures have been arrived at as a result of an examination of statistics furnished from various sources. The total number of confinements in London in 1937 was 66,029.
    Institutional confinements
  • Page 64
    These 1,045 midwives fall into the following categories :—
  • Page 64
    The following is a summary of returns which have been made voluntarily by the 224 midwives in private practice in London as to the number of cases attended by them during 1937 :—
  • Page 67
    The following information concerning midwifery and maternity work undertaken in registered nursing homes was obtained :—
    1934193519361937
  • Page 68
    The following table indicates the nature of the services which are aided by the Council for the year ended 31st March, 1938 :— Table 69
    Number of associationsDescription of serviceTotal of bedsGrant paid by the Council
  • Page 68
    Examination of staff During the year 13,912 candidates and employees were referred to the department for medical examination or investigation by the medical staff at County Hall. These may be classified as follows (the comparable figures for the previous year being also shown):—
    Examinations of:—19371936
  • Page 68
    Two-hundred-and-one applicants for appointment to the permanent service failed to pass the medical examination for the following reasons :—
    MalesFemalesTotal
  • Page 69
    As a result of the examinations of the staff, 377 officers were deemed to be permanently unfit to carry out their ordinary duties in the service of the Council on the following grounds :—
    MalesFemalesTotal
  • Page 71
    The total number of samples examined in 1937 amounted to 23,667. The following table shows their classification :—
  • Page 71
    The following table shows the results of the analyses of paints, colours and Paints stains :—
  • Page 72
    The following table shows the classification and the results of the analyses of oils :—
    SatisfactoryUnsatisfactory
  • Page 72
    During the year 905 samples of drugs and medical supplies were examined, and of these 70 (or 7.7 per cent.) were found to be either definitely unsatisfactory for use or below standard strength or quality. In the large majority of cases the latter description applied, and in general the deficiency was small.
  • Page 73
    The results of the analyses were :— Samples of feeding stuffs
  • Page 76
    Table 70 County of London—Statistics of the administrative work carried out by the Metropolitan Borough Councils during the year 1937
    Sanitary authorityCowshedsSlaughterhousesOffensive tradesSmoke nuisancesCommon lodging housesCleansing of persons and roomsWater supplyMilk-shopsice cream premisesRestaurants am eating houses
    No. licensedNo. of inspections 'No. licensedNo. of InspectionsNo. authorisedNo. of inspectionsObservationsIntimationsComplaintsNoticesHouses licensedNo. of inspectionsPersonsRooms or premisesTenement houses extra supplyNo. on registerNo. of inspectionsNo. on registerNo. of inspectionsNo. of placesNo. of inspections
    AdultsChildrenAfter infectious diseasesFor vermin
  • Page 77
    Table 71
    BoroughNo. of houses in boroughPublic Health ActNo. of houses inspectedSection 25Sections 9 & 10Housing Acts, 1936
    No. of houses in-spectedon account of complaints or illnessNo. of statutory notices servedNo. of houses repairedNumber of houses demolishedClosing OrdersOvercrowdingNo. of houses for working classes erected during the yearUnderground roomsHouses let in lodgings
    No. of houses representedNo. of houses demolishedNo. of houses repairedNo. of families overcrowdedNo. of families alternative accom. obtainedNo. occupied but unfitNo. closed or modified occupation approvedNo. in boroughNo. of inspectionsNo. of prosecutionsNo. of complaints remedied
    By ownersBy L.A.Section 11VoluntarilyNo. madeNo. deter j mined
  • Page 78
    Table 72—Sanitauy Inspectors, 1937
    Sanitary authorityPopula tion (Census) 1931MaleFemaleHealthvisitors
    Whole timePart timeWhole timePart timeWhole timePart time
  • Page -
    Table 1.—Clothing and footgear—Percentages
    Age group19361937
  • Page -
    Table 2
    Age group19241927193519361937
    SoundSerious decay'SoundSerious decaySoundSerious decaySoundSerious decaySoundSerious decay
  • Page -
    The subjoined table gives figures for the past eleven years for entrants:— Table 3
    BoysGirls
    YearNumber inspectedPercentage with sound teethPercentage with serious decayNumber inspectedPercentage with sound teethPercentage with serious decay
  • Page -
    Table 4
    Age groupVisual acuity (percentages)
    NormalSlight defectMore serious defect
    193619371936193719361937
  • Page -
    Table 5
    SexNumberNutritional classification
    1234
  • Page -
    Table 6.—Routine audiometer tests
    SchoolTotal number testedTotal number of children failedNumber failed inPercentage of failures (either ear)
    One earBoth ears
  • Page -
    Table 7
    YearTotal earsNumber of ears showing level of recording in decibels
    —3 to 6912 to 1821 to 30
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    The clinical examination of the failed children conducted by the assistant otologists revealed the following defects, which were partly or wholly responsible for their loss of hearing:—
  • Page -
    The analysis with regard to nutrition, of the results of routine medical inspection in the elementary schools during 1937 is shown in the following table:— Table 8.—Assessment of nutrition, 1937
    GroupNumbers examinedNutrition
    Excellent 1Normal 2Subnormal 3Bad 4
  • Page -
    Corresponding figures for the previous year are shown in the following table:— Table 9.—Assessment of nutrition, 1936
    GroupNumbers examinedNutrition
    Excellent 1Normal 2Subnormal 3Bad 4
  • Page -
    Table 10.—Assessment of nutrition in percentages 1936 and 1937
    GroupNutrition
    Excellent 1Normal 2Sub.normal 3
  • Page -
    Recommendations and help given were:—
  • Page -
    The results for 71 children are as follows:— Table 11.—Hœmoglobin per cent.
    Below 7071.8081.9091.100101.110111.120
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    Investigation of the incomes of 58 families was made, with the following result:— Table 12
    ClassificationNumber of familiesAmount available for food per " man "
    7s. and upwards5s. 10½d. to 7s.Less than 5s. 10½d.
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    Table 13
    Age groupHoxtonStarcross. street* Osgood & Baker† Davidson & Fullerton
  • Page -
    Table 14.—Incidence of hypovitaminosis among various groups of subjects
    DescriptionAgeNumber examinedPercentage found
    NormalSlightly below. normalDefinitely subnormal
  • Page -
    Table 15.—Incidence of hypovitaminosis among boys and girls at an elementary school in east London
  • Page -
    Table 16.—He.examination of children found "definitely subnormal" or "slightly below normal" at the first test
    GroupInterval after which re.examinedDosage of vitamin A administeredCases examinedNumber and percentage
    Became normalImprovedNo improvement
  • Page -
    Table 17 First re.inspections, 1937 (Percentages are given in italic type)
    Defect treatedNo. of defectsTreatedUntreated
    By private doctor or dentistUnder Council's schemeAt other hospitalsDischarg'dImproved. For observation onlyStill needing treatment
    Discharg'dNot discharg'dDischarg'dNot discharg'dDischarg'dNot dis. oharg'd
  • Page -
    Second re.inspections, 1937
  • Page -
    Table 18
    YearNo. of hospitalsNo. of centresNo. treated
  • Page -
    The number of children treated at all the hospitals and centres under the scheme during 1937 compared with 1936 were:—
    Ailment19361937
  • Page -
    The subjoined table shows the number of children dentally inspected, and the number found to require treatment:—
    YearNumber of children inspectedNumber found to require treatmentPercentage
  • Page -
    Table 20.—Ear, nose and throat, excluding after.care clinic and deaf cases
    ClassificationPatientsEars
  • Page -
    Table 21.—Deaf cases—organisers' returns from special ear, nose and throat clinics
    ClassificationPatientsEars
  • Page -
    In addition to the above there were:—
  • Page -
    Table 22.—Special ear clinics—totals for all clinics
    Cause of suppurationTotal earsCuredReferred for mastoid operationLapsedStill under treatment
  • Page -
    The average cost per case to the Council for the year ending 31st March, 1938, for treatment was:—
  • Page -
    Table 23
    Particulars193519361937
  • Page -
    Table 24.—Admissions to rheumatism units, 1937
    SexRheumatism and/or chorea with cardiac involvementRheumatism and/or chorea with no cardiac involvementTotal
    Number| PercentageNumberPercentage
  • Page -
    Table 25.—Discharges from rheumatism units, 1937
    SexFit for elementary-school or any employmentFit for P.D. school or light workPermanently unfitTotal
    NumberPercentageNumberPercentageNumberPercentage
  • Page -
    The following particulars for 1936 and 1937 are in respect of the cleansing scheme operated from the Council's and Borough Councils' centres (as distinct from the "head" cleansing centres):—
  • Page -
    Table 26.—Census of chronic invalids, November, 1937, and preceding years
    AilmentCasesPercentage of total
    19341935193619371934193519361937
  • Page -
    Table 27
    YearDiphtheriaScarlet feverMeasles and German measlesWhooping-coughChickenpoxMumpsOphthalmia
  • Page -
    Table 28
    DivisionDiphtheriaScarlet fever
    Number of visitsNumber of depts. visitedNumber of children examinedNumber of visitsNumber of depts. visitedNumber of children examined
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    The following arc particulars which have been received from Dr. H. R. Kidner, divisional medical officer:-
    Cyril Henry treatment centreHanover Park treatment centre
  • Page -
    The following table shows the number of cases of ringworm of the scalp among the children in the Council's schools reported during 1937 compared with previous years:— Table 29
    YearNew casesCured casesCases outstanding at the end of the yearPercentage of cures effected by X-ray treatment
  • Page -
    The percentage proportion in each year of age of Schick negative and positive cases, tabulated according to sex, was found to be as follows Table 30
    AgeTotal testedPercentage
    MaleFemaleSchick negativeSchick positive
    MaleFemaleMaleFemale
  • Page -
    Age groups of children in above table
  • Page -
    The following is a summary of the progress of immunisation during 1937 :— Table 31
    ClassificationResidential schools and children's homesResidential special schoolsApproved schools
  • Page -
    The following is an analysis of the 15 clinical cases:—
    ClassificationDiagnosis
  • Page -
    The following is an analysis of the number of children Dick-tested and immunised at Mayford approved school and Shirley and Ongar residential schools during 1936:— Table 32
    AgeTotal testedPercentage
    MaleFemaleDick negativeDick positive
    MaleFemaleMaleFemale
  • Page -
    Age groups of children in above table
  • Page -
    The following is a summary of the progress of immunisation during 1937 at the three residential schools (Shirley, Hutton and Ongar) and at Mayford approved school:—
  • Page -
    The nine day open-air schools for non-tuberculous children maintained by the Council have continued their excellent work. The following table gives the roll of these schools in December, 1937:—
    BoysGirlsTotal
  • Page -
    The following school journeys were made during the year, through the ordinary school journey organisation:— Table 33
    SchoolPeriodPlace visitedNo. of children
    FromTo
  • Page -
    In detail the numbers were:—
    Provided schools:—BoysGirls
  • Page -
    Non-provided schools:—BoysGirls
  • Page -
    In the year 1937, 5,972 children were discharged from convalescence at the undermentioned hospitals.
    InstitutionNo. of children discharged from convalescence
  • Page -
    The numbers of individual children on free " meals " in December in the years 1934 to 1937, inclusive, were as follows:— Table 34
    Meal1934193519361937
  • Page -
    Table 35
    DefectNumber nominatedSuitable for admission toReturned to elementary schoolInvalided as for the time unfit for any schoolNotified under M.D. Acts
  • Page -
    Morbid conditionsBoysGirlsTotal
  • Page -
    The following statement gives an analysis of the 278 cases examined for admission to special schools for the physically defective, as a result of which the children were either returned to elementary schools or were invalided as for the time unfit for any school:— Table 37
    Morbid conditionsElementary schoolInvalided
  • Page -
    Table 38
    Transferred from schools forRe-classified for transfer to—
    P.D. schoolM.D. schoolPartially sighted schoolBlind schoolDeaf schoolPartially deaf schoolOpen- air schoolEpileptic colonySwanley eye hospital
  • Page -
    There were also 395 cases returned, on improvement, to elementary schools, or, when over 14 years of age, deemed to be no longer certifiable. The details are as follow:— Table 39
    Action takenSpecial school classification
    P.D.M.D.BlindPartially sightedDeafPartially deafTotal
  • Page -
    The following table classifies the children who improved to such an extent that they were able to return from the schools for physically defective children to the ordinary elementary schools, or were "no longer certifiable" as defective between the ages of 14 and 16 years:— Table 40
    Morbid conditionsCases deemed no longer certifiableCases deemed fit to return to elementary schools
  • Page -
    Acquired cases.—Hearing defect due to :—
  • Page -
    The following table shows the number of children notified by the education authority under section 2 (2) of the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913, as amended by the Mental Deficiency Act, 1927, during the year 1937 (the figures in brackets being those for the previous year):—
    (a) Feeble-minded—BoysGirls
  • Page -
    Table 41
    ClassificationMaleFemaleTotalGrand total under headings
  • Page -
    Ihe variation in admission rate is shown below :—
    1930193519361937
  • Page -
    The physical anomalies and chronic diseases which were diagnosed are shown below:—
    ConditionNumber of casesConditionNumber of cases
  • Page -
    During the year, 1257 cases of illness or injury were treated. Details of these are given below:—
    ConditionNumber of casesConditionNumber of cases
  • Page -
    The following is an analysis of the 223 cases included in group (c):—
  • Page -
    Table 42 — Analysis of 1,198 cases on remand
    ClassificationUnder 5 years5—6 years6—7 years7—8 years8—9 years9—10 years10—11 years11—12 years12—13 years13—14 years14—15 years15—16 yearsOver 16 yearsTotal
    MFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMF
  • Page -
    Table 43 — Analysis of 470 cases in which special reports were submitted
    Classification4—5 years5—6 years6—7 years7—8 years8—9 years9—10 years10—11 years11—12 years12—13 years13—14 years14—15 years15—16 yearsOver 16 yearsTotal
    MFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMF
  • Page -
    Results obtained
  • Page -
    Provided by the London County Council
  • Page -
    Aided by the London County Council
  • Page -
    The following is a statistical summary of medical examinations and treatment at the 19 nursery schools which were open throughout the year, 1937 :—
  • Page -
    Table 44
    † DefectsFor observationReferred for treatmentTreatedPercentage treated of those referred
  • Page -
    (c) The number of cases of infectious disease was as follows :—
    DiseaseNursery classNursery school
  • Page -
    Table 45
    Hospital SchoolClassificationNominal accommodationNum ber of children
    In hospital 31-12-37*On school roll at eni of winter term*
  • Page -
    Table 46
    CategoryNumber examinedNumber fitNumber rejectedNumber who withdrew after being referred for remediable defects or were not due for reexamination until 1938
    MaleFomaleMaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemale
  • Page -
    Table I —Medical inspection, 1937 (a) Routine inspections
    GroupBoysGirlsTotal
  • Page -
    (b) Other inspections
  • Page -
    Table II (a) (1) Defects found at medical inspections of all children in elementary and special schools
    Disease or defectRoutine inspections-DefectsSpecial inspections— Defects
    Requiring treatmentRequiring observation.Requiring treatmentRequiring observation
    Elementary schoolsSpecial schoolsElementary schoolsSpecial schools
  • Page -
    Table II (continued) (6) Classification of the nutrition of children inspected during the year in the routine age groups
    Age groupNumber of children inspectedA (Excellent)B (Normal)C (Slightly subnormal)D (Bad.)
    No.PercentageNo.PercentageNo.PercentageNo.Percentage
  • Page -
    Table III (a) Exceptional children in London in 1937
    ClassificationAt certified special schoolsAt public elementary schoolsAt other institutions1At no school or institutionTotal
  • Page -
    Table III (continued.) (6) Return of children suffering from more than one defect, 1937
    DefectType of School
    Day M.D.Residential P.D.Day dealResidential deafEpileptic colonyDay P.D.Certified hospital schls.Total
  • Page -
    Table IV Treatment table (a) Group I.—Minor ailments, excluding uncleanliness, for which see group V
    Disease or defectDefects treated or under treatment
    Under Council's schemeOtherwiseTotal
  • Page -
    (6) Group II.—Defective vision and squint (excluding eye defects treated as minor ailments, for which see group I)
    Disease or defectDefects dealt with
    Under Council's schemeOtherwiseTotal
  • Page -
    Table IV (continued) (c) Group III.—Treatment of defects of the throat and nose—number of defects
    DefectReceived operative treatmentTotalReceived other forms of treatmentTotal number treated
    Under Council's schemePrivate practitioner or hospital
  • Page -
    (d) Group IV.—Dental defects 1. Number of children who were :—
  • Page -
    Table V Medical inspection—number of children examined, 1927-1937
    YearRoutine examinationsSpecial examinationsRe-inspectionsExaminations at special enquiries into outbreaks of infectious diseaseSpecial ear inspection centre attendancesRheumatism supervisory centre attendances
  • Page -
    Table VI Medical treatment—number of cases treated under the Council's scheme and by other agencies, 1927-1937
    Minor ailmenta†VisionNose and throatDental
  • Page -
    Table VII Medical inspection of students in higher education institutions, 1937
    ClassificationCouncil secondary schoolsOther secondary schoolsCouncil and other junior tech. schoolsTraining collegesTotal