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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1907

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1908
Pages
192
Tables
125

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125 tables in this report

  • Page 12
    TABLE A.
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Houses.Population.
    1891.1901.1891.1901.
  • Page 12
    TABLE B. CENSUS RETURNS.
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 13
    This consists of two sub-districts, together containing a population of at the middle of 1907, calculated on the last Census Returns:—
  • Page 14
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
  • Page 16
    Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.76 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 16
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1907, compared with the previous five years:-
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 17
    City of London. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1907. Deaths from stated Causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under One Year.
  • Page 18
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 18
    City of London compared with the Metropolis, previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Bate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent.of Deaths Registered.Deaths from principal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Population(Corporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 19
    Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1907 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Nonresidents registered in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Residents registered in Public Institutions beyond the District.Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District.
    Number.Rate.Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate.
    Number.Rate per 1,000 Births registered.Number.Rate.1
    12345678910111213
  • Page 20
    Causes of, and Ages at, Death during Year 1907.
    Deaths in or belonoing to whole District at subjoined ages.Deaths in or belonging to local ities (at all ages).Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the district.
    At all ages.Under lyear1 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 an( under 65.65 and wardsSt. Botolph.St. Sepulchre.*
  • Page 21
    In the following Tables will be found particulars of infectious disease notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:—
    NATURE OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis incorrect.
  • Page 21
    Return of infectious disease notified, exclusive of Chicken-pox and Phthisis, occurring in the City of London, with the percentages of such cases removed to hospital or treated at home during 1907, compared with the previous five years:—
    year.Number of cases reported.Per cent. of cases reported.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
  • Page 22
    The case mortality of those attacked with notifiable disease was:—
    No. of Cases.Recovered.Died.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 22
    Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the Year 1907.
    Diseases.Cases notified in Whole District.Total Cases notified in each Locality.No. of Cases removed to Hospital from each Locality.Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.St. Botolph.St.Sepulchre.St. Botolph.St .Sepulchre.
    Under 1.1 to 5.5 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 65.and upwards.
  • Page 26
    The number of Authorities outside the Metropolis that have made, and have not made such Regulations are as under:—
    No. that have made Regulations.No. that have not made Regulations.Total.
  • Page 48
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 23 Years—1885-1907.
    YEAR.Woking.Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.Ilford.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 49
    Table of Bikths and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1907.
    Name of Block.Bieths.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.l and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.
  • Page 50
    The birth rate in these Dwellings reached a maximum of 46*9 per 1,000 in 1896, and until 1907 had since been falling, as shown by the following figures :— Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 50
    Record of Attendances at the Baths, Artizans' Dwellings. (The corresponding figures for 1906 are in italics.)
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 51
    Number of Articles disinfected, Bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1907, compared with the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &.C., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 51
    Dr. F. J. Waldo, J. P., Coroner for London and Southwark, has kindly furnished me with the following list of places which were the subject of Fire Inquests held by him during 1907 :—
    1907.
    Jnquett held onName of Premises.Date of Fire.
  • Page 52
    The amounts spent during the past twelve months under these several headings were :—
    £s.d.
  • Page 53
    SANITARY INSPECTIONS. The following is a Statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year :— WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month..Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 53
    MIDDLE DISTRICT. (Inspector E. J. Simmons.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 54
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 54
    The foregoing are summarised as under :—
    District.Number of inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 55
    During 1907, compared with previous five years.
    Year.Inspections made.Sanitary Improvements effected.Notices served.
  • Page 55
    TENEMENT HOUSES.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 56
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.
    One Room.Two Booms.Three Rooms.Pour Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.No. of Inhabitants.
  • Page 56
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.So. of Inhabitants.
  • Page 57
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.No. of Inhabitants.
  • Page 59
    The following are the cases referred to :—
    Premises.
  • Page 76
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows :—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 77
    The number of workers employed was as follows :—
    Men.Women.
  • Page 77
    The following is a summary of inspections made annually since the passing of the Act:-
    Factories.
  • Page 77
    Workshops.
  • Page 77
    Workplaces.
  • Page 78
    * Details of Factory Inspections, 1907.
  • Page 78
    Defects remedied.
  • Page 78
    Water-closets—
  • Page 78
    Number of water-closets improved—
  • Page 79
    * Details of Workshop Inspections, 1907.
  • Page 80
    Defects remedied.
  • Page 80
    Water-closets—
  • Page 80
    Number of water-closets improved—
  • Page 81
    * Details of Workplace Inspections, &c., 1907.
  • Page 81
    Workers employed—
  • Page 81
    Notices served—
  • Page 81
    Defects remedied.
  • Page 81
    Water-closets—
  • Page 81
    Arrangements improved —
  • Page 82
    Aboveground Bakehouses.
  • Page 82
    Underground Bakehouses.
  • Page 82
    SUMMARY.
  • Page 82
    Four underground bakehouses were discontinued, viz. :—
  • Page 83
    A comparison of the number of such notifications received in past years with the vear under review shows as follows :—
    Year.No. of Complaints received.
  • Page 86
    The following figures will illustrate what has occurred :—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 87
    The following particulars relate to the nine firms so dealt with in 1907 :—
    Date of Hearing.Name.Address.Trade.Where Heard.Result.
  • Page 88
    The following table shows the number of visits paid and of women employed:—
    Trade.No. of Workrooms.No. of Women employed.
    General.Women's.Total.
  • Page 88
    The defects found were as follows :—
  • Page 89
    477 defects were discovered chiefly in relation to dirty walls and ceilings, and dirty or defective sanitary conveniences.
    Trade.No. of Workrooms.No. of Women employed.
    General.Women's.Total.
  • Page 93
    DOMESTIC WORKSHOPS, 1907.
    Premises.Trade.M.F.Total.Remarks.
  • Page 95
    Return showing the number of places in the City where work in carried on by " outworkers "
    Factories.Workshops.Domestic Workshops.OccasionalTotal.
  • Page 98
    The following Tables will show the percentage of infants fed on the breast, cow's milk, proprietary foods, &c. :—
    Method of Feeding for First Six Months.Per cent.
  • Page 103
    Defects Found in Home Workers Premises.
  • Page 105
    1.—INSPECTION. Including Inspections made by Sanitaky Inspectors or Inspectors op Nuisances.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 105
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 106
    3.—HOME WORK.
    NATURE OF WORK. * (1)OUTWORKERS LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Addresses of Outworkers.Prosecutions.Inspections of Outworkers' premises. (12)Instances. (13)Notices served. (14)Prosecutions. (15)Instances. (16)Orders made (S. 110). (17)Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110) (18)
    Twice in the year.Once in the year.Received from other Councils. (8)Forwarded to other Councils. (9)Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists. (10)Failing to send lists. (11)
    Lists. (2)Outworkers,+ Lists. «)Outworkers.+
    Contractors. (3)Workmen. (4)Contractors. (6)Workmen, (7)
  • Page 106
    4.-REGISTERED WORKSHOPS. 5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year.Number.ClaeBNumber.
    (1)(2)(1)(2)
  • Page 109
    These are classified as under, the corresponding figures for 1906 being given in italics :—
    Places where Sold in City.Place of In the City.Manufacture. In other Districts.
  • Page 112
    "The 'constants' of the oil were determined and found to agree well with those "recorded for commercial samples of T'ung Oil, as shown by the following table:—
    Oil from seeds of Aleurites Fordii.Commercial Tung Oil.
  • Page 132
    MEAT SUPPLIES, 1874 TO 1907.
    Year.General Supply,Seizures by Inspectors.% of Bad Meat.
  • Page 133
    Monthly Deliveries at the Corporation Markets, Smithfield.
    month.1905.1906.1907.
  • Page 133
    The sources of origin daring the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent, of total annual deliveries.
    British.*Foreign Killed.American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 134
    Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1905.1906.1907.
  • Page 134
    • The seizures of diseased and unsound meat amounted to 1,038 tons 14 cwts. 1 qr., including 174 tons 2 cwts. 2 qrs. 24 lbs. of imported frozen and chilled meat.
    Month.1905.1906.1907.
  • Page 136
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, seized as unsound, and proportion condemned to that delivered during each Month of the Year 1907.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market.Meat seized by the Inspectors.Ratio of Meat condemned to that delivered.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 137
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1907.
    Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
  • Page 138
    Of the above, 174,332 tons were consigned to Billingsgate Market, the remainder, viz., 5,913, being delivered at the salesmen's shops in the neighbourhood of the Market.
    Year.Fish Delivered at Billingsgate Market.Fish Delivered in the neighbourhood of Billingsgate Marlet.Total Deliveries.
    Tons.Tons.Tous.
  • Page 138
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, duriDg each month of the year 1907.
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.f†Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 139
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1907.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 139
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1907 and the five years 1902-1906.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tonswts.qrs.
  • Page 140
    The material so disposed of comprised:—
    Tons.Cwts.Qrs.
  • Page 141
    Table I. The figures for the last seven years are here given:—
    Year.No. of Samples taken.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 141
    Table II. For the purpose of comparison the following Table is given showing the percentage of adulteration in England and Wales since 1877. These figures are abstracted from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board:-
    Per cent.
  • Page 142
    The accompanying Table has been partly compiled from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board, to which are added some figures for the City of London, and London as a whole:—
    Year.Total Number of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total Number Examined in City of London.Number of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.City of London.London.
  • Page 143
    In the City, as elsewhere, Milk is the article most generally adulterated. It is gratifying, however, to note from the following Table that this form of fraud has very materially diminished during the last seven years.
    Year.No. of Samples Examined.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 144
    This relation between places of purchase and the detection of adulteration is not without interest, as shown by the following Table.
    Where taken.No. of Samples taken.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Samples Adulterated.
    1906.1907.1906.1907.1906.1907.
  • Page 146
    The figures for 1907 and six preceding years are given in the following able:—
    Year.No. of samples taken.No. of samples found Genuine.No. of Samples found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 146
    The following summary shows the amount of this deception that was discovered in the five years 1903-7:—
    Date.Samples taken.Cases of Substitution.Percentage Substituted Samples.
  • Page 148
    "A sample purchased in the City on the 16th May, 1906, was certified " by the Public Analyst for the City to contain the parts as under:—
  • Page 153
    From Foreign Countries.
    FromTons.
  • Page 153
    From British Possessions.
    FromTons.
  • Page 153
    The amount of Coffee adulteration in the City during the last seven years is here given.
    Year.Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 154
    The accompanying Table shows the extent of drug adulteration in the City for the last seven years:—
    Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 159
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1899. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1907.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June. *Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December-Total for 1907.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 160
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1899. 19 0 7. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS.
    First Quarter.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 161
    Fourth Quarter.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 161
    SUMMARY.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 165
    STREET LISTS, Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts.
    STREET OB PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 166
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 167
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 167
    ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS—STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH.
    STREET OR PLAOE.No. of House.S ex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 168
    STREET LISTS. Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 169
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 170
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 171
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 172
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 173
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 174
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 175
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 176
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 177
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 178
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 179
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 180
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 181
    1st January, 1908.
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 182
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.erson Registered.
  • Page 183
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 184
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 185
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 186
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 187
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 188
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.