London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1894

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1895
Pages
229
Tables
148

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148 tables in this report

  • Page 5
    The estimated population of each of the 43 sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county is shown in the following table—
    Santary District.Estimated Population, 1894.Sanitary DistrictEstimated population, 1894.Sanitary District.Estimated population, 1894.
  • Page 5
    In the year 1894, 4.69 per cent. of the men and 16'80 per cent. of the women who were married were under 21 years of age. The proportions in preceding periods are shown in the following table; the proportions in England are also given for the purpose of comparison— Marriaqes of minors per cent. of total marriages.
    London.England.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 6
    In the annual report for the year 1893 a table is published showing the number of minors married in each of the registration districts of London in the years 1885-93. The following table gives similar information for the year 1894— Marriages of minors in London, 1894.
    Registration districts.Males.Females.Registration districts.Males.Females.
  • Page 6
    For practical purposes this may be reckoned as including the ages 15 to 45, the rates shown in the last column of the table are thus obtained.
    Sanitary District.Births.Birth rate per 1,000 living.Births per 100 females aged 15-45.
  • Page 8
    Assuming that the age and sex distribution of the population for each period under consideration had been identical with that of the period 1886-94, the approximate effect on the death rates may be shown as follows—
    Period.Mean death rate.Excess per cent. over mean death rate of 1886-94.Amount of this excess due to difference of age and sex distribution (compared with 1886-94).
  • Page 8
    The following table has been prepared for the purpose of comparing the death rate of the registration County of London with that of other English towns having populations of more than 200,000 persons at the census of 1891. It will be seen that three of these towns in the ten years 1884-93, and five of these towns in 1894, had a lower death rate than that of London. All Causes.
    Population estimated to the middle of 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.Population estimated to the middle of 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 8
    Again the death rate of London in the ten years 1884-93 and the year 1894 was lower than the corresponding death rate for each of the undermentioned foreign cities— All Causes.
    Death rate per 1,000 living.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 9
    Crude and Corrected Death Rates1 per 1,000 persons living in Sanitary Districts of London.
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate, 1894.Corrected death rate 1894.Comparative mortality figure, 1894. [London 1,000.]Crude death rate 1885-93.Corrected death rate 1885-93.Comparative mortality figure. 1885-93. [London 1,000.]
  • Page 9
    The death rates of Battersea, Wandsworth, Hammersmith, Fulham, Stoke Newington, Hackney, Lee, and Plumstead cannot be given for the period 1885—93, as during some portion of this period Battersea was combined with Wandsworth, Hammersmith with Fulham, Stoke Newington with Hackney, and Lee with Plumstead; the death rates of the combined areas for this period, however, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate 1885-93.Corrected death rate 1885-93.Comparative mortality figure, 1885-93. [London 1,000.]
  • Page 11
    Table I. Mean future lifetime of males and females in groups of ajes (calculated from London life tables, 1881-90).
    Age groups.Males.Females.Age groups.Males.Females.
  • Page 11
    Table II.
    Age groups.Deaths calculated according to mean rates 1881-90.Mean deaths occurring in the four years 1891-4.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (—) of lives in the four years 1891-4 by fluctuations of mortality.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (—) of "life capital" in four years 1891-4 by fluctuations of mortality.
  • Page 12
    The following table shows the mean population of the period 1891-4 at certain age groups for males and females, and the total life capital of the population at each age group and at all ages— Table III. Estimated Mean Population and Life Capital of London in the period 1891-4.
    Males.Females.
    Age groups.Population.Life capital.Age groups.Population.Life capital.
  • Page 12
    The result of these calculations is shown in the following table— Average " life capital " of the London population and proportion per cent. of "life capital" expended per annum.
    Average life capital of the population.Proportion per cent. of " life capital" expended per annum.
  • Page 12
    The following table shows the results obtained by Dr. Tatham in the case of the city of Manchester—
    Average life capital of tne population.Proportion percent. of "'life capital" expended per annum.
  • Page 13
    The infant mortality in London may be compared with that in other English towns having more than 200,000 inhabitants by reference to the following table—
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 13
    The infant mortality m the several London districts in 1894 was as follows—
    Sanitary district.Deaths under one year of age.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 birthsSanitary district.Deaths under one year of age.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
  • Page 13
    The deaths from the several classes of disease registered in the registration county of London (including the lunatic asylums and hospitals for infectious disease belonging to the county) are given by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary of Births, Deaths and Causes of Death, and the following table has been prepared from the figures contained in the summary relating to the year 1894—
    1894.Corrected annual average 1884-93.
  • Page 14
    Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 14
    Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 14
    The death rates from the principal zymotic diseases in the several sanitary districts of London in 1894 and the period 1885-93 is shown in the following table. It will be seen that the district of St. George-in-the-East had the highest mortality, and the district of Stoke Newington the lowest mortality in 1894.
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate pec 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1894.1885—93.1894.1885—93.
  • Page 15
    Smallpox—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1884-93.1894.Towns.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 15
    Smallpox—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1884-93.1894.Towns.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 15
    The cases notified in London were distributed throughout the year as follows—
    No. of week.Week ending.No. of cases notified.No. of week.Week ending.No. of cases notified.No. of week.Week ending.No. of cases notified.
  • Page 16
    The following table shows the distribution of smallpox throughout the year in the several sanitary districts—
    Sanitary district.Four weeks ended
    Jan. 27.Feb. 24.Mar. 24.Apr. 21.May 19.June 16.July 14.Aug. 11.Sept 8.Oct. 6.Nov. 3.Dec. 1.Dec. 29.
  • Page 18
    The following table shows the number of cases of smallpox notified and the deaths attributed to smallpox belonging to the several sanitary disticts in 1894, together with the case rate in that year and the death rate in 1894 and in the period 1885-93 —
    Sanitary district.Smallpox.
    Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1894.Deaths, 1894.Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1894.1885-93.
  • Page 19
    Smallpox and vaccination.
    Age period.Vaccinated.No evidence as to* vaccination.Vaccination cicatrices absent.
    Admissions.Deathp.Admissions.Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.
  • Page 19
    Smallpox deaths, London—1881-94.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards
  • Page 19
    "All ages" taken as 100.
    Age period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards
  • Page 19
    " Vaccinated" and " No statement" combined.
  • Page 20
    London Vaccination Returns.
    Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.
  • Page 20
    The following table gives similar information for each of the metropolitan unions for the years 1881.93, inclusive—
    Metropolitan Unions.1881.1882.1883.1884.1885.1886.1887.1883.1989.1890.1891.1892.1893.
  • Page 20
    The death rates per 1,000 living in 1894 and previous periods have been as follows—
  • Page 21
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 21
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 22
    The measles death rate in each sanitary district in 1894 and in the period 1885-90 is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deal ha in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1894.1885-93.1894.1885-93.
  • Page 22
    The London rates in 1894 and previous periods are shown in the following table—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 23
    The scarlet fever death-rate of London can be compared with that of other large English towns having a population of more than 200,000 inhabitants by reference to the following table— Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1884-93.1894.Ten years, 1884-93.1894.
  • Page 23
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
  • Page 23
    * Scarlet fever, 1894.
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 24
    Scarlet fever case mortalitxj, 1894.
    Month.No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 24
    Scarlet fever case mortality, 1891-94.
    Month.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 25
    Scarlet fever in April and in October, 1894,
    Age period.April.October.
    Male.Females.Males.Females.
    Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.
  • Page 26
    The following figures enable comparison to be made between the number of cases notified in three periods of four weeks, viz., in the 28th-31st weeks, in the 32nd-35th weeks, and in the 36th-39th weeks.
    Notified cases-Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0-33-1313 and above.0-33-1313 and above.
  • Page 27
    The following table shows the number of cases and deaths and the case and death rates of each district in 1893 and in the period 1885-92—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000, 1894.Deaths, 1894.Death rates per 1,000.
    1894.1885-93.
  • Page 27
    The diphtheria rates in 1894 and in previous periods are shown in the following table—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 28
    Diphtheria—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1884-93.1894.... ...Ten years, 1884-93.1894.
  • Page 28
    Diphtheria—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 28
    ‡Diphtheria, 1894.
    Age period.Males.Fenjales.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 29
    Diphtheria, 1894.
    Oases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 29
    Diphtheria in March, May awl October, 1894.
    Age period. •March, 1894.May, 1894.October, 1894.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.
    Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.
  • Page 30
    The result ot these calculations is shown in the following table—
    Month.Recorded case mortality per cent.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Case mortality per cent. (corrected for age and sex distribution).
  • Page 30
    The number of cases notified in these periods is shown in the following table—
    Notified cases.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—33-1313 and upwards.0—33—1313 and upwards.
  • Page 31
    The following table shows for each of the London districts (a)the number of cases and the case ratf in 1894, (6) the number of deaths and the death rate in 1894, (c) the death rate in the period 1885—93.
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1894.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1894.1885-93.
  • Page 32
    Whooping cough. The deaths attributed to whooping cough numbered 2,116 in 1894, compared with 2,327 in 1893. The death rates from this disease in 1894, and previous periods, were as follows—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 32
    Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1884-93.1894.Ten years, 1884-93.1894.
  • Page 32
    Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
  • Page 32
    The death rates of each sanitary district in 1894, and the mean death rates of the period 1885-93 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1894.1885-93.1894.1885-93.
  • Page 33
    The death rates from this disease per 1,000 living in 1894, and in previous periods, were as follows—
  • Page 34
    Enteric 1- ever. The cases of enteric fever notified in London during the year 1894 numbered 3,375, and the deaths belonging to London 610, compared with 3,681 cases and 677 deaths in 1893. The rates in 1894 and previous periods were as follows—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000.Case rate per 1,000.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 34
    †Enteric fever, 1894.
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rate per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 36
    Cases of enteric fever (St. George, Hanover-square).
    Year.August, September and October.November and December.
    No. of cases.Average per month.No. of cases.Average per month.
  • Page 36
    The following table shows the case rates and death rates per 1,000 in each of the several sanitary districts in 1894, and the death rates per 1,000 in the period 1885-93,—
    Sanitary District.Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000, 1894.Deaths, 1894.Death rates per 1,000.
    1894.1885-93.
  • Page 37
    Sanitary District.Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000, 1894.Deaths, 1894.Death rates per 1,000.
    1894.1885-93.
  • Page 37
    The death rates per 1,000 living in 1894, and previous periods, have been as follows—
  • Page 37
    The age distribution of the deaths from this disease registered in London (excluding Penge) in 1894 was as follows—*
    Under 1 year.1-5.5-20.20-10.40-60.60-80.80 and upwards.
  • Page 37
    In the period 1884-93 the death rate from this disease was in London lower than in any of these towns except Bristol, and in 1894 lower than in any of these towns except Bristol and Bradford.
    Ten years, 1884-93.1894.Ten years, 1884-93.1894.
  • Page 38
    It will be observed that the death rates of 1894- have, in the eastern districts, been generally higher than in the other districts of London, and that the highest death rate, both in 1894 and in the period 1885-93, was that of the district of St. George-in-the-East.
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891.1885—93.1894.1885—93.
  • Page 40
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered during the last four years have been as follows—
    Cases.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths.Death rate.
  • Page 40
    The number of cases and the case rate of each sanitary district in London is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1894.Sanitary district.Cases, 1894.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1894.
  • Page 40
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered from puerperal fever in each of the last four years were as follows—
    Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 41
    If these cases and deaths are considered in relation to the total population and total births the following rates are obtained:—
    Year.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 births.Death rate per 1,000 living.Death rate per 1,000 births.
  • Page 41
    The deaths from these diseases in Registration London since 1889 were as follows:—
  • Page 41
    The deaths from influenza registered in 1894 and the death rate per 1,000 living in the several sanitary districts of London are shown in the following table— Influenza.
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1894.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1894.
  • Page 42
    Phthisis. The deaths from phthisis in 1894 belonging to London numbered 7,354. The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 42
    The following table snows the number of deaths from pathisis, ana me death rate per 1,000 living in the various sanitary districts of London in 1894, and the accompanying chart exhibits graphically the distribution of the disease in that year—
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1894.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1894.
  • Page 42
    The death rates in the various groups of London districts in 1894were as follows—
  • Page 43
    what extent this increase in the death rate may be due to overcrowding per se, or to other adverse social conditions with which overcrowding is usually associated.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room (in tenements of less than five rooms).Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Phthisis."All causes."" All causes other than Phthisis."
  • Page 43
    The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 44
    The temperature and rainfall in each month of 1894 are shown in the following table:—
    Month.Temperature of the Air.Departure from average of 123 years.Rain.
    Highest by Day.Lowest by Night.Mean for Month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
    deg. F.deg. F.deg. F.deg. F.inches.
  • Page 52
    The following tabular statement shows the procedure of district authorities as to houses represented as unfit for human habitation, and concerning which the Council has received copies of representations from the 1st January, 1894, to the 31st December, 1894—
    Local Authority.Total num-ber of house.-concerning which the Council has received information that representations have been made from the 1/1/94 to the 31/12/94.Number of houses closed, demolished or improved by owners without Magisterial intervention.Number of houses for which closing orders were granted.Number of houses for which closing orders were refused.Number of houses outstanding or concerning which proceedings are in progress.
    Closed.Demolished.Improved.Total.Subsequently demolished.Subsequently improved.No further action.Total.
  • Page 55
    The following table shows the number of common lodging-houses in each district, and the authorised number of lodgers at the time the duty of supervision of common lodging-houses was transferred to the Council— Common Lodging-houses.
    Number of registered common lodging. houses.Authorised number of lodgers.Number of registered common lodging-houses.Authorised number of lodgers.
  • Page 64
    Water Supply. The report of the water examiner appointed under the Metropolis Water Act, 1871, supplies the following information as to the capacity of the subsidence reservoirs, and the monthly rate of filtration of the several water companies—
    No. of days' supply.Monthly rate of filtration per square foot per hour.
    Mean monthly average. Gallons.Maximum monthly average. Gallons.
  • Page 64
    Dr. Frankland s report shows that the minimum and maximum numbers of microbes per cubic centimetre found in his monthly determinations of the waters of the several companies were as follows—
    No. of microbes per cubic centimetre.
    Minimum.Maximum.
  • Page 67
    The following table shows the estimate of population on the 6th of April, 1894, and the amount of excess of contribution over grant or of grant over contribution in respect of each district for the half-year ended 31st March, 1895—
    Sanitary District.Estimated population, 6th April, 1894.Equalisation charge, being excess of contribution over grant.Net grant, being excess of grant over contribution.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 68
    The following table indicates those London districts in which the medical officer of health has been elected in accordance with the above requirement of the Public Health (London) Act, up to the end of 1894—
    District.District.District.District.
  • Page 70
    The following table shows the month in which the reports for the year 1894 were received, relating to districts other than those mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act—
    No. of Reports.No. of Reports.
  • Page -
    The milk was distributed therefore in three sanitary districts, and the notifications of scarlet fever received from those districts during successive weeks were as follows—
    Lee.Greenwich.Lewisham.
  • Page -
    The cases given in the table have been classified according to their milk supply, so as to snow whether they received their milk from Mr. A, Mr. B, or from other milk vendors, and in the case of Mr. B's customers whether their milk was distributed on one or other of three different rounds.†
    Greenwich.Kidbrooke.
    Date of commencement of illness.Mr. A.'s customers.Mr. B.'s customers.Other vendors.Mr. A.'s customers.Mr. B.'s customers.Other vendors.
    Son's round.Man's round.Walking round.Son's round.Man's round.Walking round.
  • Page -
    TABLE I. Cases of Enteric Fever notified in London in each Week of the Years 1890-94.
    No. of Week.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.
  • Page -
    TABLE II. Cases of Enteric Fever notified in large towns of England and Wales, 1894 (excluding London).‡
    No. of week.Cases, 1894.No. of week.Cases, 1894.No. of week.Cases, 1894.
  • Page -
    TABLE III. Cases of Enteric Fever notified in three groups of districts in the vicinity of London. A, supplied, by the London Water Companies drawing water from the Thames and Lee ; B, not so supplied ; C, partially so supplied.
    No. of weekWeek ended.A Cases of enteric fever notified in areas in the vicinity of London supplied by London "Water Companies' drawing water from Thames and Lea.B Cases of enteric fever notified in areas* in the vicinity of London not so supplied.C Cases of enteric fever notified in areas in the vicinity of London partly supplied by London Water Companies drawing water from Thames and Lea.
  • Page -
    Anthrax Statistics—Great Britain. Animals (cattle, sheep, swine,
    Year.Infected counties.Fresh outbreaks.Animals attacked.
  • Page -
    The most marked change is a general falling off in the amount of hides imported, this falling of being more marked in the case of dry than in the case of wet hides (see Table.)
    Dry.Wet.
    Cwts.£Cwts.£
  • Page -
    The table shows the number of cwts. of raw hides brought into the two chief English ports in 1882 and 1892.
    Total imported.London.Liverpool.
    cwts.cwts.cwts.
  • Page -
    A Table showing particulars as to 119 cases of Anthrax which have occurred in London in recent years. The particulars concerning the first 39 cases have been obtained from the similar Table prepared by Mr. Spear, and printed as an Appendix to his Report in the Supplement to the Twelfth Annual Report of the Local Government Board.
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years—(continued).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years—(continued).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient. iSex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases recent years—(continued).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of day before applying for treatmentSeat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years (continued).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years—(continued) .
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatmentSeat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years—(continued).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years (continued).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Anthrax cases in recent years—(continued,).
    No.Place of treatment.Patient.Sex.Age.Date of attack.No. of days before applying for treatment.Seat of Charbon.Condition of adjacent parts.Constitutional symptoms.Where employed.Occupation.Apparent source of infection.Treatment.Result.Remarks.
  • Page -
    (a) First period (1868-76)—Deaths recorded under the head Malignant Pustule.
    Male.Female.
  • Page -
    (b) Second period (1877-80)—The heading Malignant Pustule retained, and the headings Charbon and Woolsorters' Disease introduced in 1877 and 1879 respectively.
    Malignant Pustule.Charbon.Woolsorters' Disease.
    Male.Female.Male.Female.Male.Female.
  • Page -
    (c) Third period—The heading Splenic Fever adopted.
    Male.Female.
  • Page -
    With respect to the other districts inquiry was made of the officers of the several sanitary authorities. The following tabular statement has been based upon the information which has been obtained—
    A Authorities who make a house-to-house call at least once a week.B Authorities who only collect at houses with card bearing letter " D " in window.C Districts where collection depends upon householders hearing dustmen in street.D Authorities who collect by pail system.E Authorities who arrange for call to be made on specified day.
  • Page -
    Everything, of course, depends upon the standard adopted, but the terms used serve for the purpose of comparing underground bakehouses with those situated on the ground level, so far as the question of ventilation is concerned. This comparison may be stated thus—
    Means of ventilation.Out of 118 bakehouses below the ground level.Out of 82 bakehouses on ground level.
  • Page -
    The following table is an abstract of Dr. Ogle's table. (Table L, Comparative Mortality of Males 25-65 years of age, in different industries; from all and several causes.)
    Diseases of Nervous System.Suicide.Diseases of Circulatory System.PhthisisDiseases of Respiratory System.Diseases of Urinary System.Liver Diseases.Other Diseases of the Digestive System.Alcholism.Gout.Plumbism.Accident.All other Causes.All Causes. (Comp. Mort. Figure.)
  • Page -
    Return showing particulars of replies received from Medical Officers of Health as to the Method of Disinfection adopted in the several sanitary districts within the County of London.
    No.Parish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is produced.Arrangements made where no oven has been provided.Whether any chemicals used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.Remarks.
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    Return of Replies from District Medical Officers of Health—continued.
    No.Parish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is produced.Arrangements made where no oven has been provided.Whether any chemicals used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.Remarks.
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    Return of Replies From District Medical Officers or Health—continued.
    No.Parish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is produced.Arrangements made where no oven has been provided.Whether any chemicals used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.Remarks.
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    Return of Replies from District Medical Officers of Health—continued.
    No.PariBh or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is producedArrangements made where no oven has been providedWhether any chemical used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of 9 average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.remabke
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    The following figures, which have been extracted from the census reports, show the changes which have taken place in the district since the year 1851—
    Population.Houses inhabited.
    St. Nicholas.St. Paul.St. Nicholas.St. Paul.
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    The deaths which have occurred in Deptford during each of the same four years give the following rates for deaths from all causes. The death rate for London generally for each year is also given—
    Deptford.London.
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    These rates are uncorrected for sex and age. The infantile death rates (or the deaths of children under one year of age to every 1,000 births) are as follows—
    Deptford.London.
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    The deaths from the principal zymotic diseases, given by the medical officer of health in his reports, give the following rates per 1,000 living—
    Deptford.London.
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    The annexed table gives figures relating to the sanitary area, and is taken from the last census report—
    Sanitary Aeeas under the Various Authorities, and their Constituent Civil Parishes.Area in Statute Acres.Houses, 1891.Population.
    1891.1881.
    Inhabited.Uninhabited.Building.Males.FemalesPersons.Persons.
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    population of each sex at certain age periods in the registration district of Whitechapel and in registration London—
    1891.All ages.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75 and upwards.
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    If these figures be corrected for age and sex distribution by applying the factors for correction given on page 9 of the annual report of the medical officer of the Council for 1892, the following corrected death rates are obtained—
    1891.1892.1893.
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    The deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 registered births in the Whitechapel district and in London respectively are as follows—
    1891.1892.1893.
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    The zymotic death rates per 1,000 living in Whitechapel and in London during the same years are—
    1891.1892.1893.
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    Dr. Hamer's Report. The appended figures relating to the sanitary area under the jurisdiction of the Vestry of Mile End Old Town are taken from the last census report. This area is identical with that of the registration district of Mile End Old Town.
    Sanitary areas under the various authorities and their constituent civil parishes.Area in statute acres.Houses, 1891.Population.
    1891.1881.
    Inhabited.Uninhabited.Building.Males.Females.Persons.Persons.
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    The percentages belonging to the remaining five classes are given in the appended table, which is abstracted from Table III., "Life and Labour of the People." Vol. I., p. 36—
    Mile End.Whitechapel.Whole East-end District.
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    The enumerated populations * at successive censuses, with the rates of increase per cent., are as follows—
    Census year.Population.Increase per cent.
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    The age and sex distribution of the population at the census of 1891 was as follows—
    1891.All ages.0-5-10-15-20-25-3d—45-5&-65-75 and upwards.
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    If these figures be corrected for age and sex distribution by applying the factors for correction given on p. 9 of the annual report of the medical officer of the Council for 1892, the following corrected rates are obtained—
    1891.1892.1893.
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    The deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 registered births in Mile End and in London respectively are as follows—
    1891.1892.1893.
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    The zymotic death rates per 1,000 living, in the district and in London, during the same years
    1891.1892.1893.
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    The figures in the census report for each of the sub.districts are as follows—
    1881.1891.
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    The density of the population in Bethnal.green, as shown by the average number of persons per acre, and the average number of persons to each inhabited house at different census periods, is as follows—
    Number of persons per acre.Number of persons per inhabited house.
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    (1) The proportion of persons at various age groups, and of each sex compared with the conditions which obtain in London generally. This is obtained from the figures contained in the census report for 1891.
    All ages.0.5.10.15.20.25.35.45.55.65.75 and upwards.
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    (2) The classification of the inhabitants into groups according to means, and position of heads of families. For this purpose I have taken the following figures from Mr. C. Booth's work on the " Life and Labour of the People in London " published in 1889—
    Very poor.Poor.Comfortable.Well.to.do.
    Lowest class.Casual earnings.Irregular earnings.Regular minimum.Ordinary standard earnings.Highly paid work.Lower middle class.Upper middle class.
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    17,211 persons occupied 6,561 one-room tenements, or 13'3 per cent, ot the population of Bethnal-green.
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    Births, marriages and deaths.—The birth rates in Bethnal-green during recent years, calculated upon the population as estimated by Dr. Bate, are as follows; the rates for London given in the Registrar-General's annual summaries for the same year, are also given.
    Bethnal-green.London.
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    The general death rates have been corrected for age and sex distribution.
    Deaths from all causes.Deaths from seven chief zymotic diseases.Infantile mortality.
    Bethnal-green.London.Bethnal-green.London.Bethnal-green.London.
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    If this return be dealt with in the same manner comparison can be made between the numbers in the three years—
    1889.1893.1894.
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    The 188 sanitary inspectors employed in 1893 included 17 temporary officers; the 219 employed in 1894 include only 8 temporary officers. In the following districts the staff has been increased—
    District.No. of additional inspectors.District.No. of additional inspectors.
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    The number oi sanitary inspectors (including temporary omcers) and the number of houses and population, to each sanitary inspector, in each district is shown in the following table—
    Number of Sanitary Inspectors.No. of inhabited houses to each Sanitary Inspector.No. of inhabitants to each Sanitary Inspector.
    Permanent.Temporary.Total.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Number of Sanitary Inspectors.No. of inhabited houses to each Sanitary Inspector.No. of inhabitants to each Sanitary Inspector.
    Permanent.Temporary.Total.
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    Districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855—
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    Return of replies received from Medical Officers of Health of the several distriots as to number of sanitary inspectors and particulars of their appointments and duties.
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value.Census Report, 1891 (Vol. II.)Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 24th April, 1893.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
    Population.Inhabited houses.
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    Sanitary inspectors—Particulars of appointments and duties—(continued).
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value.Census Report, 1891 (Vol. II.)Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 24th April, 1893.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
    PopulationInhabited houses.
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    Sanitary inspectors—Particulars of appointments and duties—(continued).
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value.Census Report, 1891, (Vol. II.)Number of Inspectors at date of last return 24th April 1893.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
    PopulationInhabited houses.
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    Sanitary inspectors—Particulars of appointments and duties—(continued).
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value.Census Report, 1891 (Vol. II.).Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 24th April, 1893.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
    Population.Inhabited houses.
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    Sanitary inspectors—Particulars of appointments and duties—(continued).
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value.Census Report, 1891 (Vol. II.)Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 24th April, 1893.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
    Population.Inhabited houses.
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    Sanitary inspectors—Particulars of appointments and duties—(continued).
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value.Census Report, 1891 (Vol. II.)Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 24th April, 1893.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
    Population.Inhabited houses.
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    Sanitary Districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855.