London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1894

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

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Table: Whooping cough. The deaths attributed to whooping cough numbered 2,116 in 1894, compared with 2,327 in 1893. The death rates from this disease in 1894, and previous periods, were as follows—

Whooping cough. The deaths attributed to whooping cough numbered 2,116 in 1894, compared with 2,327 in 1893. The death rates from this disease in 1894, and previous periods, were as follows—

Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.
1851-600.8818910.68*
1861-700.8818920.58*
1871-800.8118930.54*
1881-900.6918940.49*

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It will be observed that these figures show a progressive decline in the death rate from this
disease during recent years.
The death rate of each year since 1840 in relation to the mean of the period 1841-94 is shown
in diagram XIII.
The London death rate compared with the death rates of the large towns of England having
more than 200,000 population was, in the period 1884-93, greater than the death rates of all those
towns except Liverpool, West Ham, and Salford, but in 1894 was exceeded by the death rates of
Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield, Bristol, Nottingham and Salford.

Table: Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.

Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.

Ten years, 1884-93.1894.Ten years, 1884-93.1894.
London0.660.48†West Ham0.740.43
Manchester0.640.55Bristol0.510.78
Liverpool0.670.55Bradford0.460.30
Birmingham0.600.44Nottingham0.520.53
Leeds0.450.34Hull0.380.38
Sheffield0.550.71Salford0.720.68

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The following table shows that the whooping cough death rate of London was in excess of that
of each of the undermentioned foreign cities both in the period 1884.93 and in the year 1894—

Table: Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.

Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.

1884-93.1894.1884-93.1894.
London66.48+St. Petersburg.23.33
Paris.18.10Berlin.32.20
Brussels.21.24Vienna.12.04
Amsterdam.39.30Rome.09.09
Copenhagen.46.09New York.30.14
Stockholm.26.16

Table: The death rates of each sanitary district in 1894, and the mean death rates of the period 1885-93 are shown in the following table—

The death rates of each sanitary district in 1894, and the mean death rates of the period 1885-93 are shown in the following table—

Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1894.Death rate per 1,000 living.
1894.1885-93.1894.1885-93.
Paddington45.37.45Shoreditch93.76.91
Kensington58.35.47Bethnal-green70.54.87
Hammersmith59.56.67Whitechapel52.69.50
Fulham60.54St. George-in-the-East41.91.70
.Chelsea38.38.69Limehouse27.47.103
St. George, Hanover-square21.28.33Mile-end Old-town74.69.81
Poplar77.45.75
Westminster21.39.58St. Saviour, Southwark9.34.70
St. James7.30.44St. George, Southwark27.45.96
Marylebone40.29.49Newington75.63.80
Hampstead26.35.30St. Olave.7.54.49
Pancras115.49.63Bermondsey51.61.78
Islington195.59.65Rotherhithe13.32.72
Stoke Newington8.23.57Lambeth109.39.64
Hackney68.32Battetsea75.47.65
St. Giles27.71.53Wandsworth55.31
St. Martin - in - the Fields5.36.38Camberwell137.55.67
Greenwich112.65.67
Strand21.91.54Lewisham57.57.43
Holborn21.65.70Woolwich12.28.55
Clerkenwell38.58.75Lee11.29.47
St. Luke18.44.79Plumstead30.51
London, City of11.32.31London2,116.49*.64*

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*See footnote (†) page 7. *See footnote (*) page 8.