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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1910

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1911
Pages
167
Tables
86

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86 tables in this report

  • Page 12
    The undermentioned figures are abstracted from the Registrar-General's Report, dated 30th December, 1901, on the Census of England and Wales, 1901 (County of London).
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Houses.Population.
    1891.1901.1891.1901.
  • Page 12
    CENSUS RETURNS.
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 14
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccina-tion.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
    per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 15
    Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.76 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 17
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1910, compared with the previous five years:—
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 18
    Deaths from stated Causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under One Year.
  • Page 19
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 19
    City of London compared with the Metropolis, previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Rate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent. of Deaths Registered.Deaths from principal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Population (Corporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 20
    Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1910 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Nonresidents registered in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Residents registered in Public Institutions beyond the District.Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District.
    NumberRate1Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate per 1,000 Births registered.Number.Rate.*Number.Rate.
    12345678910111213
  • Page 21
    Causes of, and Ages at, Death during Year 1910.
    Deaths in or belonging to whole District at subjoined ages.Deaths in or belonging to Localities (at all ages).Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the district.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and upwards.St. Botolph.St. Sepulchre.*
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
  • Page 22
    In the following Tables will be found particulars of infectious disease notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:—
    NATURE OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis in correct.
  • Page 22
    The following is a Return of infectious disease notified, exclusive of Chicken-pox and Phthisis, occurring in the City of London, with the percentages of such cases removed for treatment to hospitals or nursed at home during 1910, compared with the figures for the previous five years: —
    Year.Number of cases reported.Per cent. of cases reported.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
  • Page 23
    CITY OF LONDON.
    Disease.Cases notified in Whole District.Total Cases notified in each Locality.No. of Cases removed to Hospital from, each LocalityTotal Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.St. Botolph.St. Sepulchre.St. Botolph.St .Sepulchre. i
    Under 1.1 to 6.6 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 24
    During the year the following 5 specimens were so dealt with. It will be seen that positive results were obtained in 60 per cent. of these cases:—
    Specimen.Disease suspected.Result—
    Positive.Negative.
  • Page 31
    In all 42 samples were submitted to Dr. Klein for bacteriological examination, and his report thereon is as follows:—
    Sample No.Dirt.Date of Injection of Guinea-pigs. 1910.Date of Death.Result.
  • Page 32
    Continued from previous page...
    Sample No.Dirt.Date of Injection of Guinea-pigs. 1910.Date of Death.Result.
  • Page 33
    For the purposes of comparison, I print below the following summary of the results of the several series taken during the years 1904-1910:—
    1904.1905.1906.1907-8.1909.1910.1
    1st Series.2nd Series.*
    %%%%%%%
  • Page 35
    Concurrently with the bacteriological examination of these samples, duplicates were taken and submitted to the Public Analyst for chemical analysis, who reported as follows:—
    Sample received.No. of Sample.Result of Analysis.Nature and amount of Adulteration, &c.Remarks.
    Fat.Solids (not fat).Total Solids.
  • Page 36
    Continued from previous page...
    Sample received.No. of Sample.Result of Analysis.Nature and amount of Adulteration, &c.Remarks.
    Fat.Solids (not fat).Total Solids.
  • Page 42
    Bacteriological Analysis of Samples of Soda Water During October-November, 1910
    No. of Sample.No. of Microbes per 1 c.c.Presence of B. coli in 10 c.c.Presence of b. coli in 1 c.c.Result.
  • Page 43
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Sample.No. of Microbes per 1 c.c.Presence of B. coli in 10 c.c.Presence of B. coli in 1 c.c.Result.
  • Page 48
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 26 Years-1885-1910.
    YEAR.Woking.1Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.Ilford.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 49
    Table of Births and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings, Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1910.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.l and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.
  • Page 50
    Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 50
    Record of Attendances at the Baths, Artizans' Dwellings. (The corresponding figures for 1909 are in italics.)
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 51
    Number of Articles disinfected, Bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1910, compared with the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &c., disin-fected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fire.
  • Page 53
    The following is a Statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year:— WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 54
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 55
    Particulars relating to the registered Lodging-houses in the City now on the Register are given in the accompanying table:— Registered Lodging-houses.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 56
    The following were the corresponding figures for 1900, and show the reduction in this class of property in the City since that date:— Registered Lodging-Houses (1900).
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 56
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Four Rooms. Rooms.Five Rooms or more.
  • Page 57
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Fire, or more Rooms.
  • Page 65
    TABLE A.
  • Page 82
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows:—
    FactoriesPremises.Workrooms, &c.
    7483,021
  • Page 83
    Factories 18,966 13,573
  • Page 83
    The following is a summary of inspections of separate Workrooms, &c., made annually since the passing of the Act:—
    Factories.Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 83
    Workshops.
  • Page 83
    Workplaces. Workshop Inspectors. Women Inspectors. Totals.
  • Page 89
    The following figures will illustrate what has occurred:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 90 91
    l.—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises. (1)Number of
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 90 91
    2.- DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
  • Page 92
    OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107. OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108. OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109, tt
    NATURE OF WORK. * (1)Lists received from Employers.Addresses of Outworkers.§Notices served on (10)occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Inspections of Outworkers' premises. (13)Instances. (14)Notices served. (16)Prosecu-tions. (16)Instances. (17)Orders made (S. 110). (18)Prosecu-tions (Sections 109, 110) (19)
    Twice in the year.Once in the year.Received from other Council. | (8)Forwarded to other Councils. (9)Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists. (11)Failing to send lists. (12)
    Lists.† (2)Outworkers.†Lists. (5)Outworkers.†
    Contractors. (3)Workmen. (4)Contractors. (6)Workmen. (7)
  • Page 92
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year. (1)Number. (2)
  • Page 92
    5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Class (1)Number. (2)
  • Page 96
    The following Table shows the number of premises in the City where work is carried on by "outworkers," and a List of Domestic Workshops is also appended:—
    WEARING APPAREL.Factories.Workshops.Domestic Workshops.Occasional.Total.
  • Page 97
    DOMESTIC WORKSHOPS, 1910.
    Premises.Trade. _Number of Workers.Remarks.
    M.F.Total.
  • Page 99
    There are now 15 conveniences for women in the City situated at:—
  • Page 103
    Besides boric preparations, it is well known that other and even more objectionable drugs are sometimes employed; and with a view to ascertaining to what extent such are used by manufacturers of the largely advertised preservative mediums supplied to sausage makers, &c., fifteen samples were taken and submitted to the Public Analyst, who reported thereon as follows:—
    No. ofSample.Description of Article.Result of Analysis.
  • Page 104
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Sample.Description of Article.Result of Analysis.
  • Page 117
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 35 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.°/o of Bad Meat.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 117
    The sources of origin of the Central Market Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent. of total annual deliveries.
    British.†Foreign Killed.American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 117
    Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 118
    UNSOUND MEAT, 1910. The meat, &c., seized by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1910.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
    tons.cwts.qrslbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts. qrslbs.tons.cwtsqrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 118
    The percentages of meat seized under a summary of the various headings of the above Table and for the preceding five years, were as follows:—
    Year.Diseased.Unsound.1Unwholesome.
    Per Cent.Per Cent.Per Cent.
  • Page 119
    The percentages during the four years 1906, 1907, 1908 and 1909, was 29, 56, 54, and 50 respectively. The following are the details of these seizures in 1910:—
    No.lbs.
  • Page 119
    Offal.
    Ex Bovine Animals—No.lbs.
  • Page 120
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat seized as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1909 and 1910.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1909.Meat seized by the Inspectors, 1909.Meat delivered at the Market, 1910.Meat seized by the Inspectors, 1910.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 120
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1910.
    Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
  • Page 127
    A farmer had been feeding his pigs on separated milk with the following result:—
    No. of Pigs killed in 1907-8.No. found tubercular.Percentage.
  • Page 127
    During 1909 he pasteurised his separated milk before feeding it to his pigs with the following result:—
    1909.—No. of Pigs killed.No. found tubercular.Percentage.
  • Page 128
    ALDGATE SLAUGHTERHOUSES.
    Causes for Destruction. (Whole Carcases include all organs.)Oxen.Sheep.Goats.Calves.
    Carcases.Quarters.Pieces of Beef in lbs.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Carcases.Quarters.
  • Page 128
    Diseased and Unsound Organs Destroyed.
    Diseases, &c.Ex Oxen.Ex Sheep.Ex Calves.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Livers.Plucks.Heads.Feet.Plucks.Sweetbreads.
  • Page 129
    Number of Animals Killed in the Aldgate Slaughterhouses during the Year ending 31st December, 1910.
  • Page 129
    COLD STORES. Unsound Food Destroyed for Year ending 31st December, 1910.
    Tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 129
    LEADENHALL MARKET. Unsound Food Destroyed for Year ending 31st December, 1910.
    No.lbs.
  • Page 130
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1910.†
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwt.qrs.Per cent.
  • Page 131
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1910.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 131
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1910 and the five years 1905-1909.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 140
    The material so disposed of comprised:—
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 141
    These places may be classified as under:—
    Number.Place of Manufacture.
    In the City.In other Districts.
  • Page 143
    The accompanying Table has been partly compiled from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board, to which are added some figures for the City of London, and London as a whole:—
    Year.Total Number of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total Number Examined in City of London.Number of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.*City of London.London.
  • Page 144
    MILK. At slight decrease in milk adulteration during 1910 is shown by the following Table:—
    Year.No. of Samples Examined.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 144
    The following Table shows the relation between place of purchase and adulteration:—
    Where Purchased.No. of Samples taken.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Samples Adulterated.
    1909.1910.1909.1910.1909.1910.
  • Page 145
    The figures for 1910 and nine previous years are given hereunder:—
    Year.No. of samples taken.No. of samples found Genuine.No. of Samples found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 147
    The accompanying Table shows the amount of mustard adulteration discovered during the last ten years.
    Year.Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 147
    The following Table includes particulars of drug adulteration in the City during the past ten years:—
    Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 147
    An interesting comparison of the dispensing of prescriptions is shown in the following table:—
    Number dispensed.Number correctly dispensed.Inaccurate.Percentage inaccurate.
  • Page 152
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1910.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March-Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total lor 1910.
    No. of Samples taken.No. GenuineNo. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 153
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907. 1910. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 154
    SUMMARY.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 156
    Appendix. List of Persons registered under the Dairies, Cowsheds and Milkshops Order. 1st January, 1911.
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 157
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 158
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 159
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 160
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.