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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1898

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1899
Pages
274
Tables
163

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163 tables in this report

  • Page -
    The estimated population of each of the 43 sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1898.Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1898.Sanitary district.Estimated population 1898.
  • Page -
    he marriage rate in successive periods has been as follows—
  • Page -
    In the year 1898 among the males 4.76 per cent, married were under 21 years of age, and among the females 16.31 per cent. The proportions in preceding periods are shown in the following table ; the proportions in England and Wales are also given for the purpose of comparison. Marriages of minors per cent. of total marriages.
    London.England and Wales.
  • Page 2
    The birth-rate in successive periods has been as follows—
  • Page 2
    The corresponding figures for England and Wales are as follows—
  • Page 2
    The following table shows the birth rate in each district in 1898, per 1,000 persons living and per 100 females aged 15 to 45 years—
    Sanitary district.Births.Birth rate per 1,000 living.Births per 100 females aged 15-45.
  • Page 3
    Deaths. The number of deaths in the Administrative County of London in 1898 (52 weeks) was 82,312, giving an annual death rate of 18.2 per 1,000 living. The London death rate in successive periods has been as follows—
  • Page 3
    The columns showing " death rates corrected for age and sex distribution have been obtained by multiplying the crude death rates by the " factor for correction " published by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary for 1898. All causes.
    Towns.Estimated population middle of 1898.Crude death rate per 1,000 living.Death rate per 1,000 living (corrected for age and sex distribution).
    1888-97.1898.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 3
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the death rates of London with the death rates of several foreign cities.3 All causes—Death rate per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888.97.1898.Towns.1888.97.1898.
  • Page 4
    The following table shows the crude death rates and the death rates, corrected for differences in the age and sex constitution of the populations, obtaining in each of the sanitary districts of London for the year 1898 (52 weeks), and the period 1888-97— Crude and corrected death rates1 per 1,000 persons living in sanitary districts of London.
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate, 1888-97.Corrected death rate, 1888-97.Comparative mortality figure. 1888-97. (London 1,000.)Crude death rate, 1898.Corrected death rate, 1898.Comparative mortality figure, 1898, (London 1,000.)
  • Page 4
    The death rates of Battersea, Wandsworth, Stoke Newington and Hackney, cannot be given for the period 1888.97, as during some portion of this period Battersea was combined with Wandsworth and Stoke Newington with Hackney; the death rates of the combined areas for this period, however, are shown in the following table—
  • Page 5
    The following table shows the number of deaths1 occurring at several age.periods in each of the sanitary districts of the administrative county, during the year 1898 (365 days). All causes.
    Age.period.0-1-2-3-4-Under 5.5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-All ages.
  • Page 5
    The following table shows the mean death rates obtaining in London at the several age-periods and for each sex in the decennium 1881-90, and the eight years 1891-98—
    Age period.Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-98.Differences per cent.Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-98.Differences per cent.
  • Page 6
    Mean future lifetime of males and females in groups of ages (calculated from London life tables, 1881-90).
    Age groups.Males.Females.Age groups.Males.Females.
  • Page 6
    Tahle II.
    Tahle II.
    Age groups.Deaths calculated according to mean rates 1881-90.Mean deaths occurring in the eight years 1891-8.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (—) of lives in the eight years 1891.8 by fluctuations of mortality.Mean annual gain (+) or Ioos (—) of " life capital" in the eighn years 1891.8 by fluctuations of mortality.
  • Page 7
    Table III.
    Periods compared with 1881-90.Mean annual number of lives gained.Mean annual amount of " life capital " aineu.Proportion of " life cap] al " gained to etch life gain d.
  • Page 7
    Table IV.
    Age-period.Death rates per 1,000 living.Increase or decrease per cent. (compared with ceath ra es in 1881-90).
    1891-4.1895.1896.1897.1898.1891-4.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 7
    Age.period.Death rates per 1,000 living.Incrtase or decrease per cent. (compared with death rates in 1881-90).
    1891-4.1895.1896.1697.1898.1891-4.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 8
    Table V.
    Age-period.Number of lives pained (+) or lost (—) by fluctuations of mortality in the undermentioned periods compared with the decennium 1881-90.Amount of "life capital" gained (+) or lost (—) by fluctuations of mortality in the undermentioned periods compared with the decennium 1881-90.
    Males. All ages1891-4 (mean).1895.1J9G.1897.1898.1891-4 fmeanV1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 8
    Table VI.
    Period.Number nf lives gained ( + ) or lost (—) by fluctuations of mortality (compared with the period 1881-90).Amount of " life capital " gained (+) or lost (—) by fluctuations cf mortality (compared with the period 1881-90).
    Ages Under 25.Ages 25 and upwards.All ages.Ages Under 25.Ages 25 and upwards.All ages.
  • Page 9
    Deaths and death rates during 1898 in London from "all causes" at certain age-periods (1) before distribution, and (2) after distribution, of deaths occurring in public institutions—
    Age-period.Deaths.Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Before distribution.After distribution.Difference.Before distribution.After distribution.
  • Page 9
    The proportion since the year 1890 has been as follows—
  • Page 9
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the infant mortality in London and other English towns having more than 200,000 inhabitants— Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns1888-97.1898.
  • Page 9
    The following table shows the infant mortality in 1898 and in the period 1888-9/ in each of the London sanitary districts—
    Sanitary district.Deaths under one year of pge.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1888-97.1898.
  • Page 10
    Sanitary district.Deaths under one year of age.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1888-97.1898.
  • Page 10
    Deaths from several classes of disease. Deaths from the several classes of disease registered in the registration County of London (including the lunatic asylums and hospitals for infectious disease belonging to the county) are given by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary of Births, Deaths and Causes of Death, and the following table has been prepared from the figures contained in the summary relating to the year 1898—
    Causes of death.Corrected annual average 1888-97.1898.
  • Page 11
    The following table gives more detailed information concerning the principal diseases included in the constitutional, nervous, and respiratory groups—
    Causes of death.Corrected annual average 1888-97.1898.
  • Page 11
    Administrative County of London—Year 1898 (365 days). Death rates1 per 100,000 living from all causes and from several causes in each sanitary area.
    Sanitary area.Measles.Rheumatic fever.Cancer.Tabes mesenterica.Tubercular meningitis.Phthisis.Other tubercular diseases.Pneumonia.Other respiratory diseases.Other causes.All causes.
  • Page 12
    Principal zymotic diseases—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.< 1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 12
    Six principal zymotic diseases —Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 12
    The death-rates from the principal zymotic diseases in the several sanitary districts of London in 1898 and the period 1888-97 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Death * in 1828.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1888-07.1898.1888—97.1898.
  • Page 13
    The death-rates from small-pox in successive periods have been as follows—
    Period.Smallpox death-rate per 1,000 living.Period.Smallpox death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 13
    During the complete years in which the notification of infectious diseases has been obligatory, the number of cases of small-pox notified to the medical officers of health in the various sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county has been as follows—
    Year.Cases notified.Case rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 13
    Small-pox—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 13
    Small-pox—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns. *1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 14
    Small-pox deaths, London, 1881-98.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards.
  • Page 15
    "All ages" taken as 100.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards.
  • Page 15
    London vaccination returns.
    Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent, of total births.Year.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) percent of total births.
  • Page 16
    Measles—Death-rates 'per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 16
    Measles—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 17
    The death-rates in each sanitary district of London in the period 1888-97 and in the year 1898 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1888-97.1898.1883-97.1898.
  • Page 19
    The London rates in 1898 and preceding periods are shown in the following table— Scarlet fever.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 19
    Scarlet fever—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 20
    Scarlet fever—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 20
    The case-rate of each district in 1891-7 and in 1898, and the death-rate of each district in 1888-97 and in 1898, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1898.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-97.1898.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 22
    Scarlet fever—Notified cases, 1898.
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—33—1313 and upwards.0—33—1313 and upwards.
  • Page 22
    Scarlet fever*, 1898.
    Age-period.Hales.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 23
    The diphtheria case and death-rates in 1898 and preceding periods are shown in the following table—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 23
    Diphtheria—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 23
    Diphtheria—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 24
    The case-rate of each district in 1891-7 and in 1898, and the death-rates in 1888-97 and in 1898, are shown in the following tables—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1898.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-7.1898.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 24
    (A.) Diphtheria—Casemates per 10,000 living and comparative case rates (London-rate taken as in sanitary districts in each of the years 1892-8. 100)
    Sanitary district.Case-rates per 10,000 living.Comparative case-rates (London case-rates taken as 100).
    1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898
  • Page 25
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary district.Case-rates per 10,000 living.Comparative case-rates (London case-rates taken as 100).
    1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898
  • Page 25
    (B.) Diphtheria—Comparative death-rates1 (London death-rate taken as 100) in sanitary districts, 1887-1898.
    Year
    1887.1888.1889.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898
  • Page 26
    Continued from previous page...
    Year.
    1887.1888.1889.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 29
    Diphtheria—Notified cases, 1898.
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.
  • Page 30
    The followmg figures show that this change is taking place — Number of children aged 3—13 per cent, of total cases at all ages of diphtheria notified—
  • Page 30
    As in previous years, with but slight exception, the fatality was greatest among children in the first year of life— Diphtheria, * 1898.
    Males.Females.
    Age-period.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 livirgCases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 Jiving.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 30
    The following table has been prepared to show the variations in the case.mortality of diphtheria in London at the several ages. The marked fall in the fatality at " all ages," and especially at the younger ages in recent years, will be observed. The question naturally arises, to what extent is this due to the use of antitoxic serum— Diphtheria.
    Age. period.Males.Females.
    1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 31
    The report of the Statistical Committee of the Metropolitan Asylums Board for the year 1898 contains a table enabling comparison to be made of the fatality of cases of diphtheria treated in the Board's hospitals in the years 1888.94 before antitoxic serum was generally used, and of the fatality of cases treated in these hospitals in the years 1895-8, antitoxic serum being first generally used in the year 1895. The fatality in these two periods was as follows—
    Ages.1888-94.1895-8.Decrease per cent, in the period 1895-8.
    Admitted.Died.Mortality per cent.Admitted.Died.Mortality per cent.
  • Page 31
    Scarlet Fever. Case mortality among patients in the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board in two periods, 1888-94 and 1895-8.
    Age-period.Case-mortality per cent.Increase or decrease per cent, in the period 1895-8.
    1888-94.1895-8.
  • Page 32
    Diphtheria. Case-mortality among (a) patients in the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, and (b) cases notified in London, but not admitted to the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, in the periods 1892-1894 and 1895-1898.
    Age-period.Case-mo. tality per cent, in the period 1892-4 amongCase-mortality per cent, in the period 1895-8 amongComparative case-mortality in hospitals of Metropolitan Asylums Board (case-mortality among capes not admitted to hospital taken as 100).
    Cases notified in London not admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases notified in London not admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases notified in 1892-4.Cases notified in 1895-8.
  • Page 32
    Scarlet Fever. Case-moitality among (a.) patients in the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, and (b) cases notified in London, but not admitted to the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, in the periods 1892-94 and 1895-98—
    Age-period.Case-mortality per cent, in the period 1892-4 amongCase-mortality per cent, in the period 1895-8 amongComparative case-mortality in hospitals of Metropolitan Asylums Board (case-mortality among cases not admitted to hospital taken as 100).
    Cases notified in London not admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases notified in London not admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.Cases admitted to hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board.1892-4.1895-8.
  • Page 33
    Whooping-Cough. The deaths from whooping-cough in the Administrative County of London in 1898 numbered 2,100, compared with 1,848 in 1897. The death-rates from this disease in 1898 and preceding periods were as follows—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death rats per 1,000 living.
  • Page 33
    It will be seen from the following table that the London death-rate from whooping-cough exceeded the death-rates of all the undermentioned towns, except Manchester, Liverpool, and Salford, in 1888-97, and in the year 1898 exceeded the rates of all, except Liverpool, Birmingham, Sheffield, and Salford—
    Towns.1888-97.1898.Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 33
    The following table shows that the London whooping-cough death-rate exceeded that of all the undermentioned foreign cities in the period 1888-97, and in 1898 exceeded that of all, except Copenhagen—
    Whooping-cough—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
  • Page 34
    The death-rate of each sanitary district in 1898 and in the preceding ten years is shewn in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1898.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1898.Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 34
    The death-rates from this disease in 1898 and previous periods per 1,000 living are as follows— Typhus.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 35
    The rates per 1,000 living in 1898 and preceding periods are as follows— Enteric fever.
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 36
    The case-rates for each sanitary district in 1891-7 and in 1898, and the death-rates in 1888-97 and in 1898, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1898.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1898.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-97.1898.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 38
    It will be seen from the following table that in the year 1898 the case-rate and death-rate among males was greater than that among females at " all ages." It will also be seen that this greater incidence of attack among males was manifested at each age period, and the greater incidence of death was manifested at each age period, except 0—5, 5—10, and 10—15. The case mortality among males at "all ages" was greater than among females, this being due to the higher case mortality among males above 20 years of age— Enteric fever, 1898.*
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Kates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.j Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 38
    Diarrihea. The deaths in the Administrative County of London attributed to diarrhoea and dysentery in the year 1898 numbered 4,365, compared with 4,098 in the year 1897. The death-rates per 1,000 living in 1898 and preceding periods were as follows—
    Diarrhæa.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 38
    The age distribution of the deaths2from this disease in the registration county of London in the year 1898 was as follows—
    Under 1 year.1-5.5-20.20-40.40-60.60-80.80 and upwards.
  • Page 39
    It will be seen from the following table that the London diarrhæa death-rate was lower than that of any of the undermentioned towns in the year 1898, and in the period 1888-97 was lower than that of any, except Bristol—- Diarrhæa—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1888-97.1898,Towns.1888-97.1898.
  • Page 39
    The death-rate of each sanitary district in the period 1888-97 and in 1898 will be seen from the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1898.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1888—97.1898.1888—97.1898.
  • Page 39
    Cholera. During the year 1898 twenty.three persons were certified to be suffering from cholera. The cases were thus distributed—
  • Page 40
    Erysipelas.
    Year.Cases.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Deaths.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 40
    The number of cases notified and the case-rate of 1898, together with the mean case-rate of the period 1891-7, for each sanitary district of the administrative county are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1898.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Cases, 1898.Case-rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-971898.1891-97.1898.
  • Page 41
    Puerperal fever.
    Year.Cases.Deaths.1
  • Page 41
    If these cases and deaths are considered in relation to the total population and total births the following rates are obtained—
    Year.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 births.Death-rate1 per 1,000 living.Death-rate1 per 1,000 births.
  • Page 42
    The deaths from these diseases in the registration bounty of London since 1889 have beer as follows—
    Year.Influenza.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.
    Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.
  • Page 42
    Influenza—Deaths1 registered in London in four-weekly periods, 1890-98.
    Number of weeks.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 43
    The death-rates of this disease per 1,000 living in the registration County of London in successive periods have been as follows— Phthisis.
  • Page 43
    The death-rates2 in the several groups of districts since 1893 have been as follows—
    1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 43
    The following table shows the number of deaths and the death-rate per 1,000 living in 1898 in the several sanitary districts of London—
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1898.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1898.Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 43
    The death-rates of this disease per 1,000 living in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 45
    The temperature and rainfall in each month of 1898 are shown in the following table—
    Month.Temperature of the air.Departure from average of 127 years, 1771-1897.Rain.
    Highest by day.Lowest by night.Mean for month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
    deg. F.deg. F.deg. F.deg. F.inches.
  • Page 46
    Phthisis, 1894-8.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room (in tenements of less than five rooms).Death-rates1 per 1,000 living.
    1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.
  • Page 46
    Phthisis—Death-rates per 1,000 living, 1898.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room. (In tenements of less than five rooms.)0-5-20-25-35-45-55 and upwards.
  • Page 46
    Phthisis—Comparative death-rates—Death-rates in least overcrowded group at each age period taken as 100.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room. (In tenements of less than five rooms.)0-5-20-25-35-45-55 and upwards.
  • Page 47
    Notifications, 1892-98. Scarlet-fever.
    Age-period.Cases, July.Cases, August.Cases, September.Increase or decrease per cent.
    In August, compared with July.In September, compared with August.
  • Page 48
    Diphtheria.
    Age-period.Cases, July.Cases, August.Cases, September.Increase or decrease per cent.
    In August, compared with July.In September, compared with August.
  • Page 48
    Enteric fever.
    Age-period.Cases, July.Cases, August.Cases, September.Increase or decrease per cent.
    In August, compared with July.In September, compared with August.
  • Page 50
    A return of the London School Board for the year 1898 supplies the following figures— Accommodation provided in—
  • Page 51
    Scarlet-fever, 1892-8.
    Month.Notified cases, 1892-8.
    All ages.0—1—2—3—4—Under 5.5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page 51
    Diphtheria, 1892-8.
    Month.Notified cases, 1892-8.
    All ages.0—1—2—3—4—Under 5.5—10--15—20 and upwards.
  • Page 52
    Continued from previous page...
    Month."All ages" taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0—1—2_3—4—Under 5.5—10—15-20 and upwards.
  • Page 52
    Scarlet-fever—Case mortality, 1898.
    Month.No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 52
    Scarlet-fever—Case mortality, 1892-98.
    Month.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 53
    Diphtheria—Case mortality, 1898.
    Month.No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 53
    Diphtheria—Case mortality, 1891-8.
    Month.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 54
    Diphtheria—London, 1889-98.
    Month.Registered deaths, 1889-98." All ages " taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0-11-55-2020 and upwards.All ages.0-55-2020 and upwards.
  • Page 54
    Scarlet-fever—London, 1889-98.
    Month.Registered deaths, 1889-98."All ages" taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0—11—55—2020 and upwards.All ages. *0—55—2020 and upwards.
  • Page 54
    Whooping-cough—London, 1889-98.
    Month.Registered deaths, 1889-98."All ages" taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0—11—55—2020 and upwards.All ages.0—11—55—2020 and upwards.
  • Page 55
    Measles—London, 1889-98.
    Month.Registered deaths, 1889-98." All ages " taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0-11-55-2020 and upwards.All ages.0-11-55-2020 and upwards
  • Page 56
    The number of applications for the licence of slaughter-houses, and the number granted in each of the last eight years, is shown in the following table—
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of licences granted.
  • Page 66
    The following tabular statement shows the procedure of district authorities as to houses represented as unfit for human habitation and concerning which the Council has received copies of representations from the 1st January to the 31st December, 1898—
    Local Authority.Total number of houses concerning which the Council has received information that representations have been made from the 1/1/18 to the 31/12/98.Number of houses closed, demolished or improved by owners without Magisterial intervention.Number of houses for which closing orders were granted.Number of houses for which closing orders were refused.Number of houses outstanding or concerning which proceedings are in progress.
    Closed.Demolished.Improved.Total.Subsequently demolished.Subsequently! improved.No further action.Total.
  • Page 72
    Common lodging-houses.
    Sanitary district.Number of common lodging-houses.Authorised number of lodgers.Number of houses registered in 1898.
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    Winter solstice—21 st December.
    No. of hours sunlight.Meridional streets.Angle of inclination of street to the meridian.
    5°10°15°20°25°30°35°40°45°50°55°60°65°70°75°80°85°90°
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    Autumnal or vernal equinox.
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    Summer solstice—21 st June.
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    extracted from a table contained in the report. It will be noted that the rates of filtration given are monthly averages, and that it is impossible to judge from such averages what the maximum rates of filtration were during short periods-
    Names of companies.Number of days' supply.Monthly rate of nitration per square foot per hour.
    Mean monthly average. Gallons.Maximum monthly average. Gallons.
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    The following table shows the estimate of population on the 6th April, 1898, and the amount of excess of contribution over grant or of grant over contribution in respect of each district for the year ended 31st March, 1899—
    Sanitary District.Estimated population, 6th April,Equalisation charge, being excess of contribution over grant.Net grant, being excess of giant over contribution.
    £s.d.£s.d.
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    The following table indicates those London districts in which the medical officer of health has been elected in accordance with the above requirement of the Public Health (London) Act—
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    The following table shows the months in which the annual reports of the medical officers of health of London districts for the year 1898 were received by the Council—
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    Medical Officers of Health of London Sanitary Districts in 1898.
    Sanitary district.Medical officers of health.
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    Average number of cattle killed per week.
    Winter.Summer.
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    The fees paid in German slaughterhouses by the butchers vary considerably, the average is given by Osthoff1 as follows—
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    'land the following charges are made for the use of the slaughterhouses—
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    APPENDIX I. Number of Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs brought into the Metropolitan Cattle Market, and into the Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford, in each year, from 1876 to 1896 inclusive; with the yearly averages of certain series of years since the opening of the Metropolitan Cattle Market; distinguishing the Home from the Foreign, and showing the proportion per cent. which the latter bear to the total number at the markets. (Reprinted from " Agricultural Returns of Great Britain.")
    Description of Animals.Years.Number of animals.Proportion per cent. of Foreign Animals.
    Home.Foreign.Total.
    Metropolitan Cattle Market.Metropolitan Cattle Market.Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford.Total.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Description of Animals.Years.Number of animals.Proportion per cent. of Foreign Animals.
    Home.Foreign.Total.
    Metropolitan Cattle Market.Metropolitan Cattle Market.Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford.Total.
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    APPENDIX II. Quantity of Meat, Poultry and Provisions delivered at the London Central Markets in each year from 1875 to 1895 inclusive; with the Yearly Averages of certain series of years since the opening of the Metropolitan Meat and Poultry Market (a). (Reprinted from "Agricultural Returns of Great Britain.") (Compiled from Returns given in the Annual Reports to the Court of Common Council.)
    Years.Quantity of each kind of meat and produce delivered in each year.Total for the year.
    Country killed Meat, and Produce, (b), (c)Town killed Meat. (c)General foreign killed Meat, and Produce. (b)American killed Fresh Meat.Australian and New Zealand killed Fresh Meat.
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    APPENDIX III. Cattle Markets and Fairs in the home counties within 50 miles of London.
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    Continued from previous page...
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    I.—South-West London—The Osiers, Wandsworth. Sanitary districts.
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    In order to show the connections and intercommunication of the different metropolitan railways and the additional facilities for the transit of goods and passengers thus afforded, the following summary is given of the whole of the metropolitan railways and of the running powers of each over other lines.
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    Continued from previous page...
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    Continued from previous page...
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    Continued from previous page...
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    East London Joint Committee—
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    The districts to which this refers are—
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    (A.) The disinfection of articles. (1) Steam disinfecting apparatus have been provided by sanitary authorities in the case of 32 districts and sub-districts. They are the following—
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    (2) The disinfection of articles by steam is carried out by contract in the case of 15 districts or sub-districts as follows— (a) Four bv contract with other sanitary authorities, namely—
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    In the following districts arrangements have been made to have walls stripped and ceilings cleansed by the sanitary authority—
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    In the following districts the routine practice is to serve a notice to strip and cleanse if for any reason in each case it is considered necessary that walls should be stripped and cleansed and if not complied with legal proceedings would be taken if the condition of the room was such as to constitute a nuisance—
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    In the following districts notice is served, and if not complied with the sanitary authority do the work without charge—
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    The following districts have not provided a shelter yet, but some of these are about to do so—
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    A comparison may be profitably made between these two classes of houses, therefore, and I give it under the following heads—
    Number inspected.As to conditions of dirt and dilapidation.Number of overcrowded rooms.
    Total number noted as dirty.Number noted as exceptionally dirty.Number noted as having walls infested with vermin.Number noted as dilapidated.
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    particular ownerships. In order to put the matter on an arithmetical basis, I have taken from my notes the particulars relating to a few of these groups of houses, so that it may be seen to what extent the defects noted in them contribute to the total number of defects noted in the district—
    Number of houses in which no defects were found.As to conditions of dirt and dilapidation.Number of overcrowded rooms.
    Total number noted as dirty.Number noted as exceptionally dirty.Number noted as having walls infested with vermin.Number noted as dilapidated.
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    For purposes of comparison of the results obtained in these three groups of houses the following statement has been prepared in which the figures represent the frequency of occurrence of the different kinds of defects met with, calculated per 100 houses visited—
    Number per cent. without defects.Number of defects per 100 housed in each class.
    Damp houses.Defective roofs, yard, paving, rain-water pipes, sink wastes and gulleys.Foul water-closet pans.Other defects in connection with water-closets.Dirty conditions of all degrees.Exceptionally dirty condition.Condition in which house may be described as infested with vermin.Dilapidated conditions.Overcrowding.
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    Results of the examination of samples of subsoil from an area in Plumstead. Received from medical officer, 26th February, 1898.
    No. 1 Subsoil beneath front room, 2 feet 6 inches below surface of ground.No. 2. Subsoil beneath front room, 3 feet 9 inches below surface of ground.No 3. Subsoil in back yard, 3 feet 6 inches from surface of ground.
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    The annexed table compares the birth and marriage rates of St. Pancras in the years 1895-6-7 with the corresponding figures for London as a whole—
    Birth rate.Marriage rate.
    St. Pancras.London.St. Pancras.London.
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    The following table compares the death rate in St. Pancras from all causes and from the principal zymotic diseases, and the number of deaths under one year to 1,000 births, with the corresponding figures for London as a whole—
    Death rate from all causes per 1,000 living.Death rate from principal zymotic diseases per 1,000 living.Deaths under one year to 1,000 births.
    St. Pancras.London.St. Pancras.London.St. Pancras.London.
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    Ihe tollowmg table gives particulars relating to tne area, nouses ana population ot tne sub-districts obtained at the census enumerations in 1891 and 1896—
    Registration subdistricts.Area in statute acres.Houses.Population.
    InhabitedUninhabited.Building.Inhabited.Uninhabited.Building.Persons.Males.Females.
    1891.1896.1891.1896.1891.1896.1891.1896.
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    From one of Dr. Sykes' tables the following particulars have been taken—
    One-room tenements.Two-room tenements.Three-room tenements.Four-room tenements.Percentage of population living in overcrowded tenements of less than five rooms.
    Registration sub-district.Population.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total 'population in overcrowded tenements.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.
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    The following table, giving birth rates, death rates and deaths under one year per 1,000 births, has been prepared from Dr. Sykes' annual reports.*
    Birth rate.Death rate.Deaths under one year per 1,000 births.
    1895.1896.1897.1895.1896.1897.1895.1896.1897.
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    The results obtained in St. Pancras will be better appreciated by comparing them with those obtained in other sanitary districts in which inquiry of a similar character to that just completed has been made. In should be borne in mind that Whitechapel and Mile End Old Town were inspected in 1894 and Lambeth in 1895—
    Total number of houses visited.Percentage of houses in which defects were found to exist.Number of instances per 100 houses visited in which defective roofs, yard paving, water-closets, traps, or rain-water pipes were found.Number of instances per 100 houses visited iu which there was no receptacle or a defective receptacle for dust or in which an undue accumulation of dust was found to exist on the premises.Number of instances per 100 houses visited m which dirty conditions or dilapidated conditions, other than those already specified, were found.Number of instances of overcrowding per 100 houses visited.
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    Overcrowding in St. Pancras.
    Parliammtary sub-divi:rioiis.Total houses visited.Total cases of overcrowding.Number of cases of overcrowding per 100 houses visited.Cases in which overcrowding resulted from misuse of space.Cases in which overcrowding resulted from insufficiency of space.
    Families occupyingFamilies occupying
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.4 or more rooms.1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.4 or more rooms.
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    I he following table enables comparison to be made of the number of inspectors in each of the five years for which returns have been obtained—
    1889.1893.1894.1895.1898
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    These figures show a substantial increase in the number of sanitary inspectors employed by London Sanitary Authorities, and the following table shows that, since the date of the last return,* the number of inspectors has been increased in 18 of the 43 sanitary districts of the county, excluding the districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act. It will be seen that in only one district, that of Woolwich, is a decrease recorded.
    Sanitary Area.Enumerated Population, Census,1896.1895 return.1898 return.Increase in total number. 1898.Decrease in total number, 1898.
    Permanent.Temporary.Total.Permanent.Temporary.Total.
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    Sanitary Area.Enumerated Population, Census, 1896.1895 return.1898 return.Increase in total number, 1898.Decrease in total number, 1898.
    Permanent.Temporary.Total.Permanent.Temporary.Total.
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    Seven sanitary inspectors—
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    Hammersmith—population 1896, 104,199. A medical officer of health (part time appointment, also allowed to engage in consulting medical work). £500 per annum. Half repayable by County Council. Seven sanitary inspectors—
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    Fulham—population 1896, 113,781. A medical officer of health (whole time appointment). £500 per annum. Half repayable by County Council.
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    Six sanitary inspectors—
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    A medical officer of health (whole time appointment). £600-700 per annum. Half repayable by County Council.
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    A mcdical officer of health (whole time appointment). £600-800 per annum. Half repayable by County Council.
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    Fourteen sanitary inspectors—
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    Five sanitary inspectors. Two only of these officers are concerned solely with duties in the public health department, the other three belong to the surveyor's department..
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    Three sanitarv inspectors (one of these partly under surveyor) and one assistant inspector—
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    In the weeks following this the notification of cases was as follows—
    WeekEnding.Cases.Week.Ending.Cases.Week.Ending.Cases.
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    First cases in houses amongst scholars at Powis-street Board School.
    CaseSex.AgeClass.Date of NotificationDate of onset.Last at school.