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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of Westminster 1906

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Westminster, City of]

Published
1907
Author
Allan, Francis J.
Pages
104
Tables
85

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85 tables in this report

  • Page 2
    As nearly the whole of the rain in June fell on the 29th, that month may also be reckoned as a dry one throughout its greater part.
    RAINFALL.TEMPERATURE.
    1906.Amount. Inch.Percentage of average.Number of days on which rain fell.Mean.Difference from Average.
  • Page 4
    The City Comptroller has been good enough to supply me with a copy of the figures sent to the Local Government Board in 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, and 1906, and I append them so that comparisons may be made:-
    123456
    Number of Houses as defined in Local Government Board Schedule.Number of Houses comprising two or more Rateable Properties.Number of Separate Occupations included in Col. 2.Actual Number of Rated Occupiers.Estimated Population Equalisation of Rates Act.Estimated Population Registrar. General's Methods.
  • Page 5
    Continued from previous page...
    123456
    Number of Houses as defined in Local Government Board Schedule.Number of Houses comprising two or more Rateable Properties.Number of Separate Occupations included in Col. 2.Actual Number of Rated Occupiers.Estimated Population Equalisation of Rates Act.Estimated Population Registrar. General's Methods.
  • Page 6
    Table I.- Showing the number of Births in the City of Westminster and its Wards (corrected by distributing Institution Births).
    Wards.Births (corrected).
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 6
    A comparison of the corrected and uncorrected birth.rates, and of the death.rates of infants under one year of age, is made in the following table:-
    Divisions.Births.Birth.rate.Deaths, under 1, per 1,000 births.
    Uncorrected.Corrected.Uncorrected.Corrected.Uncorrected.Corrected.
  • Page 6
    The number of married women between the ages of 15 and 45 is estimated to be 18,178, and the unmarried and widows at the same age.period 38,804.
    1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 11
    The following comparative statement shows at a glance the death. rates per 1,000 persons estimated to be living at certain age.periods during each of the last five years:-
    Age. Period.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
    No.Rate.No.Rate.No.Rate.No.Rate.No.Rate.No.Rate.
  • Page 11
    Applying such factors (1.05107 for London, 1.13926 for Westminster) to the 1906 rates, the figures are:.
    Standard death.rate.Recorded death.rate.Corrected death.rate.Comparative mortality figure.
  • Page 12
    Ages at Death. .Of the total deaths, 323 were those of children under 1 year of age, and 664 of persons over 65 years of age; these are referable to the various wards, as follows :.
    1906 Wards.Under 1 Year of Age.Over 65 YeARS oF Age.]
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter4th Quarter.The Year.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.The Year.
  • Page 13
    Infant Mortality Statistics for 1904, 1905 and 1906.
    Original Number in Family.Number of Families.Total Births in Families.Total Deaths.
  • Page 13
    Thirty.eight deaths in 1906 were those of illegitimate infants. The death.rate of such children is much higher than that of legitimate infants:-
    Legitimate.Illegitimate.
    Births.Deaths.Percentage.Births.Deaths.Percentage.
  • Page 16
    Table II.. Infantile Mortality during the year 1906. Deaths from Stated Causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1.2 Weeks.2.3 Weeks.3.4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1.2 Months.2.3 Months.3.4 Months.4.5 Months.5.6 Months.6.7 Months.7.8 Months.8.9 Months.9.10 Months.10.11 Months.11.12 Months.Total . Deaths under One Year.
  • Page 17
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 18
    Table III.-City of Westminster.- Statistics of Births and Deaths during the 52 Weeks ending 29 th December , 1906.
    123456789101112
    Wards.Population Estimated to Middle of the Year 1906.Births (Corrected).Deaths Under One Tear of Age.Deaths at all Ages. Total.Deaths of Citizens in Public Institutions.Deaths of NonResidents Registered in District.Deaths of Residents Registered beyond District.Deaths at all Ages. Nett.
    Number.Rate..Number.Rate per 1,000 Births (Corrected).Number.Rate..
  • Page 19
    Table IV. Vital Statistics of Whole Districts during 1906 and Five Previous Years. City of Westminster.
    12345678910111213
    Year.Population Estimated to Middle of each Year.Birth.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Total Deaths in public Institutions in the Distric.Deaths of Non-Residents Registered in Public Institutions in the Distric.Deahs of Residents Registered in Public Institutions beyond the Distric.Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District.
    Number (Uncorrected)RateUnder one year of ageAt all ages
    Number (Net).Rate per 1,000 Births Registered.Number.Rate.Number.Rate.
  • Page 20
    Table IV.- continued.
    I.II.II .-continued.
  • Page 21
    Table V.- Quarterly and Annual Death-rates per 1,000 Inhabitants in the City of Westminster (in Various Wards), in the United Kingdom, England and Wales, and the County of London, for the 52 Weeks ending December 30 th, 1906.
    Period.United Kingdom.England and Wales.County of London.The City.Conduit Ward.Grosvenor Ward.Hamlet of Knightsbridge Ward.Knightsbridge St. G.eorge Ward.Victoria Ward,St. Margaret Ward.St. John Ward.St. Anne Ward.Great Marlborough Ward.Pall Mall Ward.Regent Ward.Charing Cross Ward.Covent Garden Ward.Strand Ward.
  • Page 22
    Table YI.- Monthly and Quarterly Death Rates.
    London.Westminster.
    Average of 4 Years, 1902.05.1906.Average of 4 Years, 1902.05.1906.
  • Page 23
    Table VII.— Deaths of Citizens during the Year ending 29 th December, 1906, showing Locality at Time of Death.
    Wards.Locality at Time of Death.Total Deaths (Nett).
    At Home.Workhouses and Infirmaries.General and Special Hospitals.Fever Hospitals.Lunatic Asylums.Elsewhere.
    Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 24
    Table VIII (Required by Local Government Board).— Vital Statistics of Separate Localities in 1906 and 15 Previous Years.
    Names of Localities1. The City of Westminster.2. St. George's, comprising Conduit, Grosvenor, Victoria, and Knightsbridge St. George Wards.3. Westminster, comprising St. Margaret, St. John, and the Hamlet of Knightsbridge Wards.4. St. James, comprising Kegent.Marlborough, and Pall Mall Wards.5. St. Anne Ward.6. Strand, comprising Covent Garden, Strand, and Charing Cross Wards.
    Year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered (uncorrected).Deaths at all ages (corrected).Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered (un- | corrected).Deaths at all ages (corrected).Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered (uncorrected).Deaths at all ages (corrected).Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered (uncorrected).Deaths at all ages (corrected).Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered (uncorrected).Deaths at all ages (corrected).Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered (uncorrected).Deaths at all ages (corrected).Deaths under 1 year.
  • Page 25
    Table IX.— Vital Statistics of Separate Localities. Birth- and Death- rates per 1,000 Inhabitants, and Death-rates of Lnfants under 1 Year per 1,000 births, calculated from the figures in Table VIII. compared with the Average Rates in the 10 Years 1896—1905.
    Birth-rate (Uncorrected).Death-rate (Corrected).Deaths under 1 per 1,000 Births Registered in the City.
    Average, 10 Years.1906.Average, 10 Years.1906.Average, 10 Years.1906.
  • Page 26
    Table X.— Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the 52 weeks ending 29 th December, 1906.
    Causes of Death.Corrected Deaths in the City at subjoined Ages.Deaths in Wabds (at all Ages).
    All ages.Under 1.1 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and upwards.Conduit.Grosvenor.Hamlet of Knightsbridge.Knightsbridge St. George.Victoria*.St. Margaret.St. John.St. Anne.Great Marlborough.Pall Mall.Regent.Charing Cross.Covent Garden.Strand.
  • Page 27
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 28
    Table XI.— Grouped Occupations of Males aged, 10 Years and Upwards, with Causes of Death, in 1906.
    Total Occupied and Unoccupied. Retired or Unoccupied. Engaged in Occupations.Total Deaths, 1906.Infectious Diseases.Septic.Phthisis.Other Tubercular.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Other Respiratory.Alcoholism.Cirrhosis of Liver.Other Digestive Diseases.Rheumatic Fever.Valvular Disease.Other Circulatory.Insanity.Other Nervous.Cancer.Diabetes.Bright's Disease.Suicide.Accident.Other Causes.Old Age.
  • Page 29
    Table XI. continued.—Occupations of Females over 10, with Causes of Death, 1906.
    Total Deaths.Infectious Diseases.Septic.Phthisis.Other Tubercular.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Other Respiratory Diseases.Alcoholism.Cirrhosis of Liver.Other Digestive Diseases.Rheumatic Fever.Valvular Diseases.Other Circulatory Diseases.Insanity.Other Nervous Diseases.Cancer.Diabetes.Bright's Disease.Suicide.Accident.Other Causes.Old Age.
  • Page 30
    Table XII.— Vital Statistics relating to Residents in Blocks of Dwellings in the City of Westminster, 1906.
    Buildings.Population.Births.Total Deaths.Infectious Deaths.Tubercular Deaths.Respiratory.Digestive.Circulatory Diseases.Nervous Diseases.Kidney Diseases.Violence.Cancer.Other Deaths.Deaths Under 1.Deaths Over 65.
  • Page 31
    Vaccination. —The Vaccination Officers have supplied me with the following particulars for 1905:— Vaccination Statistics.
    1905. Union.Births.Died Unvaccin ated.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptille.Vaccination Postponed.Conscientious Objectors.Removed and Vaccination Officer Informed.Not Found. Removed to Address Un-known.
  • Page 32
    Vaccination Returns.
    Primary Vaccinations under 14 years of age, in the Union District ofRe-vaccinations performed by Public Vaccinators in the Union District of
    St. George's.Westminster.Strand.St. George's.Westminster.Strand.
  • Page 32
    T able XIII.— Infectious Diseases Notified, 1890-1906, in London.
    Year.Smallpox.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria and Croup.Enteric Fever.Typhus Fever.Other Continued Fevers.Puerperal Fever.Erysipelas.Cholera.Relapsing Fever.Totals.
  • Page 33
    Table XIII.— continued. Case-rates per 10,000 Living in London.
    Year.Smallpox.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Enteric.Typhus.Other Continued Fevers.Puerperal.Erysipelas.
  • Page 35
    City of Westminster. Table XIV.—Local Government Board Table G.— Cases of Infectious Disease Notified during the 52 weeks ending 29 th December, 1906.
    Notifiable Diseases.Cases Notified in the City of Westminster.Total Cases Notified in each Ward.Number of Cases Removed to Hospital from each Ward.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.Cunduit.Grosvenor.Knightsbridge St. George.Victoria.St. Margaret.St. John.Kamlet of Knightsbridge.Pall Mall.Regent.Great Marlborough.Charing Cross.Covent Garden.Strand.St. Anne.Conduit.Grosvenor.Knightsbridge St. George.Victoria.St. Margaret.St. John.Hamlet of Knightsbridge.Pall Mall.Kegent.Great Marlborough.Charing Cross.Covent Garden.Strand.St. Anne.Total.
    0 to 1.1 to 5.5 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 36
    Table XV.— London and the Metropolitan Boroughs.—Births and Deaths of Persons belonging to London and the Metropolitan Boroughs during the 52 Weeks of 1906. 1 —Prepared by the Registrar-General.
    Boroughs.Births.Deaths fromDeaths under 1 year of Age.
    All Causes.Small-pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Whooping-cough.Typhus.Enteric Fever.Pyrexia† (Origin uncertain).Diarrhœa.Phthisis.
  • Page 37
    Table XV1.— London and the Metropolitan Boroughs.—Death-Rates per 1 ,000 Persons Living, and infantile Mortality, after Distribution of Births in the Chief Lying-in Institutions and of Deaths in Public Institutions, &c., in the Five Years 1901-5, and in 1906.—Prepared by the Registrar-General.
    Boroughs.All Causes.Small-Pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Whooping Cough.Typhus.Enteric Fever.Pyrexia.Diarrhœa.Phthisis.Deaths under One Year to 1000 Births.
    1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.1901-1905.1906.
  • Page 38
    Visits were paid to a number of children found to be absent from schools in which cases had occurred, and in several instances whole families were found who had had symptoms, which in the light of an existing well-marked case must have been due to a mild attack.
    Scarlet Fever, 1906.Conduit.Grosvenor.Hamlet of Knightsbridge.Knightsbridge St. George.Victoria.St. Margaret.St. John.
  • Page 39
    Continued from previous page...
    Scarlet Fever, 1906.St. Anne.Great Marlborough.Pall Mall.Regent.Charing Cross.Covent Garden.Strand.Totals for City.
  • Page 39
    Fourteen deaths occurred, as shown in the above Table. This works out at 2.5 per cent. of the notified cases, which is about the same as for all London.
    Scarlet Fever.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 43
    Notification of Diphtheria Cases Received in each Month of the Years 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, and 1906.
    January.February.March.April.May.June.July.August.September.October.November.Deeember.Total.
  • Page 43
    There were 16 deaths, equal to a mortality of 7.6 per cent. of the notified cases; in London the rate was 8.8:—
    Diphtheria.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 47
    Erysipelas—Incidence on Occupations.
    Occupations.No. of Persons so engaged at the Census, 1901.Percentage of Population so engaged.Cases of Erysipelas.Percentage of cases of Erysipelas in each Group.
  • Page 48
    Erysipelas— Cases and No. of Deaths at different age periods.
    Cases.Total.0 to 1 year.1 to 5 years.5 to 15 years.15 to 25 years.25 to 65 years.65 years and over.
  • Page 48
    Monthly Incidences based on Date of Onset of Disease in 624 Cases.
    Year.January.February.March.April.May.J une.July.August.September.October.November.December.Total.
  • Page 49
    ERYSIPELAS-No. of cases in the City and the various Wards during last Five Years.
    Period.The City.Conduit Ward.Grrosvenor Ward.Hamlet of Knightsbridge WardKnightsbridge St. G-eorga Ward.Victoria Ward.St. Margaret Ward.St. John Ward.St. Anne Ward.Great Marlborough Ward.Pall Mall Ward.Regent Ward.Charing Cross Ward.Covens Garden.Strand Ward.
  • Page 50
    Tuberculosis Dieases.-Deaths from tuberculosis have been decreasing in numbers since 1901. The figures for the last five years are set forth below:-
    The City of Westminster.
    Year.Pulmonary.Abdominal.Meningeal.Other.Total.
    Deaths.Rates.Deaths.Rates.Deaths.Rates.Deaths.Rates.Deaths.Rates.
  • Page 50
    For purposes of comparison with the whole of London, differences in the number of males and females, and their relative ages, have to be taken into account. This may be effected by multiplying the rates by a factor (0.89205). The figures are then:—
    Year.Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Total Tubercular Kates.
    County.City.County.City.
  • Page 51
    The tubercular rates per 100,000 for each ward are:-
    1234567
    Conduit.Grosvenor.Hamlet of Knightsbridge.Knightsbridge St. George.VictoriaSt. Margari t.St. John.
  • Page 53
    Occupations of Adult Males and of Husbands or Parents of Persons who died from Tubercular Disease in the 6 years 1901-6.
    Occupation.Adult Males.Wives and Childr'n of.Occupation.Adult Males.Wives and Childr'n of.
  • Page 54
    Continued from previous page...
    Occupation.Adult Males.Wives and Childr'n of.Occupation.Adult Malts.Wives and Childr'n of.
  • Page 54
    Occupations of Adult Females where separately stated.
  • Page 55
    The deaths per 1,000 calculated on the total population were:-
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 55
    The death-rates per 1,000 persons in each of the four quarters were:—
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.
  • Page 56
    Whooping Cough .—This complaint was responsible for 23 deaths, 22 of them of children under five years of age. It was most prevalent in the first part of the year, and was a continuation of an outbreak which began in the autumn of 1904, and 210 cases were notified from schools.
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 56
    Calculated on the number of children under five years of age, the death-rates per 1,000 were:-
  • Page 56
    The death rates per 1,000 population in each quarter of the year were:-
    1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.
  • Page 57
    Diarrhœal Diseases .—During the last six years the deaths in the City have been as follows:—
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 57
    The Wards in which deaths occurred from diarrhoea, or other forms of enteritis, and the rate per 1,000 births are:—
    Ward.Total Diarrhœal Deaths.Deaths of Inlants.Death Rate of Infants per 1,000 Births.
  • Page 57
    The rates per 1,000 persons for each quarter were as follows:-
    1906.1st Quarter.2nd Quarter.3rd Quarter.4th Quarter.The Year.
  • Page 58
    S chools and I nfectious D isease. School Teachers are required to notify me when they exclude children on account of infectious disease. The following list shows how far this was carried out and the nature of the cases notified:-
    School.Actual Cases.Infection in House.Other Causes.
    Chicken-pox.Measels.Mumps.Whooping-cough.Chicken pox.Measels.Mumps.Whooping-cough.
  • Page 59
    continued from previous page
    School.Small Pox.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Enteric Fever.
  • Page 61
    Bacteriological Laboratory. During the year 180 examinations have been made at the Lister Institute at a cost of £24 13s. 7d., as follows:-
    Disease.Persons.Examinations.Results.
    Positive.Negative.Doubtful.
  • Page 62
    The following table gives a comparative statement of the above work during the past six years:-
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.
  • Page 63
    It appears that the total number of dead bodies taken to the mortuaries is steadily declining. The diminution is among the inquest cases. The figures for the last six years are:-
    TotalFor Inquest.To await Burial.Total.For Inquest.To await Burial.
  • Page 63
    The number of bodies taken in at Horseferry Road since 1897 has, been:—
    Year.Bodies.Year.Bodies.Year.Bodies.
  • Page 64
    Below is a list of details of the work done in connection with insanitary conditions in dwelling-houses. In many cases some of the work specified was in premises part of which was occupied as workshops:-
    1906.1906.
  • Page 65
    Proceedings in respect thereof were taken in nine instances with regard to seven premises.
    Date.Place.Offence.Result of Proceedings.
  • Page 72
    Smoke Prevention. The City is divided into two parts for purposes of smoke inspection, under Inspectors McNair and Williams. The following is a summary of the work done in connection therewith:-
    North District.South District.Total.
  • Page 72
    The result of the police-court proceedings under the Public Health (London) Act was:-
    Date.Name and Address of Defendant.Result of Proceedings.
  • Page 72
    A comparison with previous years is given below:-
    19021903190419051906
  • Page 73
    The following shows the state of the register of workshops at the end of 1906:-
    Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the Year.Number.Number of Inspections.
  • Page 73
    Inspection.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
  • Page 74
    Defects found.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.
    Nuisances under the Public Health Acts :-
  • Page 74
    Other Matters.
    Class.Number.
  • Page 76
    OUTWORKERS.
    FEBRUARY LISTS, 1906.AUGUST LISTS, 1906.
    Trade.Number of Lists.Number of Outworkers. Authorities.Received from Authorities.Live in City.Number of Lists.Number of Outworkers.Sent to other Authorities.Received from Authorities.Live in City.
  • Page 78
    The details are:—
    Clothing Trades.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Typhoid Fever.Erysipelas.Total.
  • Page 80
    Articles of Food Submitted.
    Tons.Cwts.Lbs.Tons.Cwts.Lbs.
  • Page 84
    Sale of Food and Drugs Acts. Samples Purchased under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, showing result of Analysis and subsequent Proceedings.
    Number.Articles of Food.Number of Samples Purchased.Genuine. (Inferior in brackets.)Adulterated.Prosecutions.Convictions.Warranty or Disclosure.Fines.Costs.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 85
    The official standard is 3 per cent, for fat and 8"5 for solids not fat.
    District.Total.Good Quality.Fair Quality.Poor Quality.Adulterated.
    No.Percent.No.Percent.No.Per cent.No.Per cent.
  • Page 92
    Legal Proceedings Under the Food and Drugs Acts during 1906.
    Date of Hearing. 1Court and Magistrate. 2Name and Address of Defendant. 3Offence. 4Result. 5
  • Page 93
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  • Page 94
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    Date of Hearing.Court and Magistrate.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
    12345
  • Page 95
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  • Page 96
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    Date of Hearing.Court and Magistrate.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
    12345
  • Page 97
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  • Page 98
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    Date of Hearing.Court and Magistrate.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
    12345
  • Page 99
    This analysis practically confirmed that of the pity analyst* The magistrate held that as the purchaser had been told that the article was coffee and chicory, and had agreed to buy that, the mere fact of the wrapper in which the article was sold, containing a statement of the percentage of coffee and chicory, which was incorrect, did not prejudice the purchaser and that there was no offence.
  • Page 100
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Hearing.Court and Magistrate.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
    12345