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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1915

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1916
Pages
92
Tables
81

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81 tables in this report

  • Page 10
    POPULATION. The undermentioned figures are abstracted from the report of the Registrar-General on the Census of England and Wales, 1911 (County of London).
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Homes.Population.
    1901.1911.1901.1911.
  • Page 11
    The following table shows the progressive decline which has taken place since 1861 in the number of inhabitants who reside within the City boundaries, and the progressive increase in the number of workers who are daily employed in the City:—
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 12
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious objections.
  • Page 12
    Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.96 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 14
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1915, compared with the previous five years:—
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 15
    City of London. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1915. Nett Deaths from stated Causes at Various Ages under One Year of Age.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1.2 Weeks.2 3 Weeks.3.4 Weeks.Total under 4 Weeks.4 Weeks and under 3 Months.3 Months and under 6 Months.6 Months and under 9 Months.9 Months and under 12 Months.Total Deaths under 1 Year.
  • Page 16
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 16
    VITAL STATISTICS, 1915. City of London compared with the Metropolis for the Year 1915 and the previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Rate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent, of Deaths Registered.Deaths from principal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Popu-lation(Cor-poration Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 17
    Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1915 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    YearPopulation estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in theDistrict.Transferable Deaths.†Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncor-rected number.Nett.
    Number. †Rate.Number. *Rate.of Nonresidents registered in the District. †of Residents not registered in the District. †Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number. *Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number. *Rate.
  • Page 18
    Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the Year 1915.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of “Residents” whether occurring within or without the district.Total Deaths whether of “residents” or "non- “Residents” in Institutions in the District.
    All ages.Under lyear.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 16 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
  • Page 19
    NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. In the following Tables will be found particulars of certificates relating to cases of infectious disease notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:—
    NATURE OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis subsequently found to be incorrect.Net number of Cases.
  • Page 19
    The following is a Return of infectious diseases notified, exclusive of Chicken-pox, in the City of London, with the percentages of such cases removed to hospitals for treatment or nursed at home during 1915, compared with the figures for the previous five years—
  • Page 20
    CITY OF LONDON. This Table is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Local Government Board.
    Notifiable Disease.Number of cases Notified. At Ages—Years.*Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.Under 1.1 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
  • Page 22
    PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from the 3rd January, 1915, to the 1st January, 1916, in the City of London.
    Age.periodsNotifications on Form A.Notifications on Form B.†Number of Notifications on Form C.
    Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form A.Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form B.Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 6555 to 6565 and upwardsTotal Primary Notifications.Under 55 to 1010 to 15Total Primary Notifications.
  • Page 23
    The number of persons, including contacts, who were examined for the first time at or in connection with the Dispensary, was 392, divided thus:—
    Diagnosed as Suffering from Tuberculosis.Diagnosed as Not Suffering from Tuberculosis.Undiagnosed.Total Number Examined.
    Still under Observation.Not still under Observation.Insured.Uninsured.
  • Page 24
    The number of persons diagnosed to be suffering from Tuberculosis, who were treated or supervised at or in connection with the Dispensary, was 125, divided thus:—
    Insured.Uninsured.Totals.
  • Page 24
    The number of attendances of patients at the Dispensary, including first attendances, was 2,322, divided thus:—
    Insured.Uninsured.Totals.
  • Page 24
    The number of persons who were under treatment, supervision or observation at or in connection with the Dispensary on December 31st, 1915, was 92, divided thus:—
    Insured.Uninsured.Totals.
  • Page 24
    The number of persons who were referred to various departments of St. Bartholomew's Hospital for diagnosis or treatment was 32, divided thus:—
    Insured.Uninsured.Totals.
  • Page 24
    Pathological Examinations. Specimens of Sputum examined for the Tubercle Bacillus:—
  • Page 29
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 31 Years—1885.1915.
    YEAR.Woking.*Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.City of London.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 30
    Table of Births and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings, Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1915.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined Ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.l and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6565 and upwards.
  • Page 31
    Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 31
    Number of Articles disinfected, Bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1915, compared with the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &c., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fire.
  • Page 32
    Dr. F. J. Waldo, J.P., Coroner for London and Southwark, has kindly furnished me with the following list of places in the City which were the subject of Fire Inquests held by him during 1915:—
    1915. Inquest held onName of Premises.Date of Fire.
  • Page 33
    WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 33
    MIDDLE DISTRICT. (Inspector E. J. Simmons.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 34
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 34
    The foregoing are summarised as under:—
    DistrictNumber of inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 35
    Registered Lodging.houses.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
    1915.1900.1915.1900.1915.1900.1915.1900.1915.1900.
  • Page 36
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Fire Rooms or more.
  • Page 36
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five or more Rooms.
  • Page 37
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabtants
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five or more Rooms.
  • Page 41
    Summary of Observations and Reports for the Months of January to December, 1915.
    Month of the Year 1915.Place.3456789101112
    Rainfall in millimetres.Metric tons of deposit per square kilometre during month.
    Insoluble matter.Soluble matter.Total solids.Included in soluble matter.
    Tar.Carbonaceous other than tar.Ash.Loss on ignition.Ash.Sulphate as (so3).Chlorine (CI).Ammonia (NH3).
  • Page 42
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows:—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 43
    The following is a summary of inspections of separate Workrooms, &c.:—
    Factories.Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 44
    The details include Initial Inspections, Periodical Inspections, Re-inspections (Sanitary works, &c., in hand)—the number of the defects found and remedied; the number of notices served; Outworkers' names and addresses, &c., dealt with—&c., &c.
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.*East District.*West District.West District. Miss Safford.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 45
    Continued from previous page...
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.* East District.* West District.West District. Miss Safford.East District Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 46
    Continued from previous page...
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.* East District.* West District.West District. Miss Safford.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 47
    Continued from previous page...
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.* East District.* West District.West District. Miss Safford.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 48
    The following figures show the steady increase in the number of Outworkers notified:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 49
    Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises.Number.
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 49
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 50 51
    3.—HOME WORK.
    NATURE OF WORK. *OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists, fOutworkers. fLists.Outworkers.
    Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.(«)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 50 51
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS. 5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year.Number.ClassNumber.
    (1)(2)(1)(2)
  • Page 53
    Comparison—Supplies 1915 and 1914.
    Source of Supply or Classification.1915.1914.Difference.Ratio per cent.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 54
    Analysis of Supplies, 1915.
    Source of Supply.Beef and Veal.Ratio per cent.Mutton and Lamb.Ratio per cent.Pork and Bacon.Ratio per cent.Poultry, &c.Ratio per cent.Totals.Ratio per cent. of Totals.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 55
    Tuberculous Meat Seized at Central Markets. Carcases, Quarters and Pieces.
    Beef.Pork.Veal.
    Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Pieces.
  • Page 56
    Offal.
    Beef.Pork.Calves.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Mesenteries.Kidneys.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.
  • Page 57
    Unsound Food ex Cold Stores.
    Article.Number.How packed.Country of Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 58
    Article.Number.How packed.Country of Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 58
    The following table shows the number of animals slaughtered as compared with 1914:—
    1915.1914.
  • Page 59
    Carcases and Quarters Seized and Destroyed at Aldgate.
    Causes for Destruction.Beef.Mutton.Veal.Goat.pig.
    Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Carcases.Quarters.
  • Page 60
    Record of Organs seized at Aldgate.
    Reason for Destruction.Oxen.Sheep.Calves.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.
  • Page 61
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 42 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Unsound Meat.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tomcwts.qrs.
  • Page 62
    *The sources of origin of the Central Market Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent. of total annual deliveries.
    British.Continental.N. and S. American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.London Killed.Home Killed.†Chilled and Frozen.
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 62
    *Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1911.1912.1913.1914.1915.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 62
    The meat, &c., seized by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1915.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
    tons.cwta.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwtsqrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 63
    The percentages of meat seized under the various headings of the above Table during 1915 and for the preceding five years, classed as diseased, unsound and unwholesome, were as follows:—
  • Page 63
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1914 and 1915.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1914.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1914.Meat delivered at the Market, 1915.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1915.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 64
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1915.
    Serial Number.Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Besult.
  • Page 64
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1915.*
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwt.qrs.Per cent.
  • Page 65
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1915.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 65
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned . to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1915 and the five years 1910-1914.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 66
    SUMMARY OF FOOD INSPECTED AT RIVERSIDE WHARVES FOR THE YEAR 1915.
    Article.Description of Packing.Total Packages.General range of weight of Packages.
  • Page 67
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Description of Packing.Total Packages.General range of weight of Packages.
  • Page 68
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Description of Packing.Total Packages.General range of weight of Packages.
  • Page 68
    The material so disposed of comprised:—
    Tons.Cwts.Qrs.
  • Page 69
    MILK.
    Samples Purchased under the Act.Informal Samples.
    Year.Number of Samples taken.Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.Number of Samples taken.Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 71
    Very little butter adulteration is discovered. No cases were noted at retail shops, the whole of the defaults being reported from Coffee Houses and the like where bread and butter was asked for. Figures for preceding years are appended.
    Samples purchased under the Act.Informal Samples.
    Year.No. of Samples taken.Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 74 75
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907— Articles examined during each Quarter of the Year 1915.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1914.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentag of adulteration.
  • Page 81
    STREET LISTS. Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 82
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 83
    STREET LISTS. Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notific ation.
  • Page 84
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 85
    Appendix C. REGISTER OF HOUSES Let in lodgings or occupied by members of more than one family. WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 86
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 87
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 87
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 88
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.TenementsLodgers.
  • Page 89
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.