London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

View report tables

Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Kensington 1911

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Kensington Borough]

Published
1912
Pages
106
Tables
86

This page requires JavaScript

86 tables in this report

  • Page 3
    The following figures which show with sufficient accuracy the effects of emigration, must not be taken as exact since the decennium under consideration which ends for Census purposes in April, 1911, has been assumed to end on December 31st, 1910, in calculating the number of births and deaths.
    Decennium 1901-1910.North Kensington.South Kensington.The Borough.
  • Page 4
    In calculating the number of persons at all ages living in the whole Borough on any given date in the new intercensal period, it will be necessary to assume that this exodus has continued at approximately the same rate, and on this assumption the population in the middle of the year 1911, twelve weeks after the Census enumeration has been estimated to have numbered 172,300, and to have been distributed in North and South Kensington and in the several Wards of the Borough, as shown in the following Table:—
  • Page 4
    Arranged as to sex and legitimacy the births were as follows:—
    Male.Female.Total.
  • Page 5
    The following Table shows the number of births and the birth-rate in North and South Kensington and in the several Wards, after distribution of the births at the Borough Infirmary, Queen Charlotte's Hospital, and other Institutions.
    Total Births.Birth-rate per 1,000 of the Population.
  • Page 5
    The following figures show how the corrected number of deaths given above have been obtained:—
  • Page 6
    between populations with a widely different age and sex composition the use of corrected death-rates is essential, but in Kensington and in the Metropolis as a whole the influence of age and sex is for practical purposes the same, and the crude death-rates shown in the following Table may be accepted as roughly representing the relative mortality in the two areas.
    Crude Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Kensington.London.
  • Page 6
    The number of deaths at all ages with the corresponding death-rates in the Borough, in North and South Kensington and in the several Wards was as follows:— •
    Districts.Number of Deaths.Crude Death-rate per 1,000 inhabitants.
  • Page 7
    Causes of Death.—These are set out in detail in the Appendix. The following list shows certain causes of death which are important in themselves or from the fact that they contributedaconsiderable share to the total mortality for the year:—
    Cause of Death.Number of Deaths.
  • Page 7
    standard is attorded tor measuring the comparative mortality in dmerent districts. 1 he following Table shows a decline in the infantile death-rate from 172 in the quinquennium 1896-1900 to 120 in the years 1906-1910. In the year under consideration the rate rose to 135.
    Period.Deaths under one year per 1,000 Births.
    Kensington.London.
  • Page 8
    The difference between the infantile death-rates recorded in the various districts of the Borough is very marked, as will be seen from the following figures:—
    District.Deaths under one year.Deaths under one year per 1,000 Births.
  • Page 8
    The chief diseases which were registered as the immediate cause of death are summarised in the following list:—
    Cause of Death.Number of Deaths.
    19101911
  • Page 9
    Infant Feeding.
    Infants visited 1911,Survivors.Survivors.Survivors.Deaths at ages 2 days to 9 months
    Diarrhœa.All causes.
    Period to which history refers.Age Period 10-20 days.Age Period 20 days to 3 months.Age Period 5-7 monthsOnset of illness.Onset of illness.
    Method of Feeding.Number.Percentage.Number.Percentage.Number.Percentage.Number.Percentage.Number.Percentage..
  • Page 10
    Occupation of Mothers during Pregnancy, 1910-1911.
    Infants of Occupied Mothers.Survivors.Deaths, all causes.Death from Prematurity.Still Births
    Occupation of Mothers.NumberPer centage.NumberPercentageNumberPercentageNumberPercentage
  • Page 11
    Table I.—The Previous History of the Mothers of Infants dying of Prematurity in 1909-11 and of Infants born in 1910-11 and surviving at the end of the Year of Birth.
    Number of Previous Pregnancies.None.l23456 or more.Total.
  • Page 12
    A.—Total Mothers Furnishing Histories of Previous Pregnancies.*
    Pregnancies per Mother.Number of Mothers.Mothers with histories of Previous Pregnancies Terminating Prematurely or in Still Birth at Term.
    Number.Percentage.
    ABABAB
  • Page 12
    B.—Previous Pregnancies ending Prematurely or in Still Birth at Term and Total Pregnancies*
    Pregnancies per Mother.Number Of mothers.Total Number of Pregnancies.Previous Pregnancies ending Prematurely or in still Birth.
    Number.Percentage.
    ABABABAB
  • Page 17
    Diphtheria in 1911.
    Report for four weeks endedNo. of Notifications.
    KensingtonLondon.
  • Page 19
    Diphtheria in Kensington,1901-1911.
    Year.Cases Notified.Case rate per 1,000 of population.Deaths.Death rate per 1,000 of population.Case Mortality per cent.
  • Page 20
    Scarlet Fever in 1911.
    Report for four weeks endedNo. of Notifications.
    KensingtonLondon.
  • Page 20
    Scarlet Fever in Kensington, 1901-1911.
    The Year.Cases notified.Case rate per 1,000 of population.Deaths.Death rate per 1,000 of population.Case mortality per cent
  • Page 21
    Enteric Fever in Kensington, 1901-1911.
    YearCases Notified.Case-rate per 1,000 of population.Deaths.Death-rate per 1,000 of population.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 21
    Enteric Fever in 1911.
    Report for four weeks endedNo. of Notifications.
    Kensington.London.
  • Page 23
    Epidemic Diseases.
    Notifiable.Deaths, 1911.Non-Notifiable.Deaths, 1911.
  • Page 24
    Non-notifiable Epidemic Diseases in 1911.
    Report for four weeks endedNumber of Deaths.
    Measles.Whooping Cough.InfluenzaDiarrhœa & Enteritis.
  • Page 26
    Deaths from Epidemic Diarrhœa. June 10th to November 4th, 1911, in Weekly Periods.
    Month.Week ending.Number of Deaths.Temperature of Air.N. Kensington.Norland.i Golborne.St. Charles.Pembridge.Hclland.Brompton.Redcliffe.Earl's Court.S. Kensington.
  • Page 28
    Tuberculosis in Kensington, 1901-1911.
    The Year.Deaths from Phthisis per 100,000 persons living.Deaths from other Tuberculous Disease per 100,000 persons.Total deaths from Tuberculosis per 100,000 persons living.
  • Page 29
    Deaths from Phthisis in Wards in 1905-6 and 1911.
    District.Deaths from Phthisis.
    Number in 1905.Number in 1906.Mean Annual Number 1905-6.Number in 1911.Increase or decrease per cent.
  • Page 31
    Notifications from Officers of Guardians.—The certificates, numbering 364, which were forwarded by officers of Boards of Guardians may be classified as follows : —
    Form of CertificateParish or Union served by Officers who Certified.Total Notifications.
    KensingtonOther Unions.
  • Page 32
    Notifications of Phthisis by Hospitals.
    Description of Hospital Notifying.Number of Certificates as to Patients coming fromTotal Certificates Received.
    Kensington.Other Districts.
  • Page 33
    Cases of Consumption Notified in 1911.
    Source of Information.Number of Cases.
    New Cases.Previously known.Total Cases.
  • Page 33
    Deaths in 1911 of persons previously notified.
    Date of previous notification.Number of Deaths in 1911.
  • Page 34
    Distribution of Notified Cases.
    District.Number of Persons Notified.
    New Cases.Previously known.Total.
  • Page 34
    Age and Sex of Persons Notified.
    Under 5 years.5-1516-2525-3535-4545-5555 and upwards.Total.
  • Page 35
    Home or other Accommodation of Sick Persons previously unknown.
    Number of Rooms Occupied.1234 or more.Homeless Persons in the Infirmary.Common Lodginghouse Cases.Total Cases investigated.
  • Page 35
    Occupation of Consumptive Persons.
    Males—No. of Deaths.
  • Page 36
    Females—No. of Deaths.
  • Page 36
    7.—The Number of Visits paid during the year.
  • Page 40
    Deaths from Cancer, 1911.
    Parts Affected.Sex.Total.
    Male.Female.
  • Page 43
    The Register of Milk Purveyors.
    Class of Premises.
    Milkshops.General Stores.Restaurants.Totals.
  • Page 44
    The inspections of the above premises during the year numbered 1,516, and resulted in the discovery of the following defects which were remedied after the service of notices:—
    Defects Found.Number of Defects.
  • Page 46
    Samples Collected by the Sanitary Inspectors.
    Name of Sample.Number Taken.Number Adulterated.
  • Page 51
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES. In the census year 1901, the tenements in the Borough of less than five rooms numbered 21,116, and accommodated a population of 73,425 persons distributed as follows:—
    Rooms in Tenement.Number of Tenements.Number of Persons.
  • Page 51
    The total number of tenements provided by the Council for the working classes under the Housing Acts is shown in the following table:— Council's Lodging Houses.
    Rooms in a Tenement.Number of Tenements.Rent per Week.Tenements Let.Tenements Empty.
  • Page 54
    Common Lodging Houses.
    Ward.Name of Keeper.Address of Common Lodging House.No. of Lodgers, for which licensed, in 1911
    Male.Female.Total.
  • Page 54
    INSPECTION OF HOUSES, 1911. HOUSING (INSPECTION OF DISTRICT) REGULATIONS.
  • Page 55
    ART. IV. Of 46 houses for which records were prepared—
  • Page 59
    „The subjoined Table summarises particulars of the factories and workshops on the register at the end of the year in North Kensington and South Kensington respectively.
    Workshops, etc.North Kensington.Sooth Kensington.Total for Whole Borough
    Dressmakers.Laundries.MiscellaneousTotal.Dressmakers.Laundries.Miscellaneous.Total.
  • Page 59
    „The businesses carried on at the registered premises are set out in the subjoined list:—
    Trade or Business.North Kensington.South Kensington.Total in the Borough.
  • Page 60
    The number of outworkers belonging to each of these three classes is shown in the following Table:— Home Work.
  • Page 61
    The nature of the work given out to the homeworkers in the 149 homes on the register is as follows:— Home Work.
    Nature of Work.No. of Premises.
  • Page 61
    Condition of Homes Visited.—The following Table shows the circumstances of the 149 homes where work is carried on:—
    Nature of Room used for Work.Condition of Rooms.Total Number of Rooms.
    Clean.Fairly Clean.Dirty.
  • Page 61
    The sanitary defects remedied in the 149 homes were as follows:—
  • Page 62
    The appended Table summarises the work of the year, so far as it is capable of being expressed in this form:— Inspection of Women's Workshops.
    1911.North Kensington.Sooth Kensington.Total for Borough.
    Dressmakers.Laundries.MiscellaneousTotal.DressmakersLaundries.MiscellaneousTotal.
  • Page 64
    I.—Inspection.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
  • Page 64
    II.—Defects Found.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.Number of Prosecutions.
  • Page 65
    III.—Home Work.
    NATURE OF WORK.1OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.Inspections of Outworkers premises.Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.Odtwork in Infected Premises, Sections 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Addresses of Outworkers.§Notices served on Occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Twice in the year.Once in the year.Received irom other Councils.}Forwarded to other Councils.Failing to keep or permit inspecion of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists. †Outworkers tLists.Outworkers.
    ContractorsWorkmen.ContractorsWorkmen.
    1.23.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.
  • Page 66
    IV.—Registered Workshops.
    Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the Year.Number.
  • Page 66
    V.—Other Matters.
    Class.Number.
  • Page 70
    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. Legal proceedings were instituted in 41 cases, particulars of which are summarised in the following lists:— Legal Proceedings nnder the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and Metropolis Local Management Act.
    Date.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
  • Page 71
    Continued from previous page...
    Date.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
  • Page 71
    Proceedings under London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1908.
    Date.Name and Address of Defendant.Offence.Result.
  • Page 72
    Proceedings under Factory and Workshop Act, 1901.
    Date.Name and Address of DefendantOffence.Result.
  • Page 73
    The following Table shows the number of disinfections carried out for various diseases during the year:— Disinfection, 1911.
    Nature of Infection.Rooms Disinfected.Premises Disinfected.Disinfections at Wood Lane
  • Page 73
    The following number of articles was dealt with at the Wood Lane Disinfecting Station during the year:—
  • Page 74
    I am indebted to Mr. Buck,Superintendent, for the subjoined particulars as to the use made of the Public Baths and Washhouses during 1911 and the three preceding years by washers and bathers:—
    Year.Washers.Bathers.
  • Page 74
    During the year 261 bodies were deposited at the Mortuary under the following circumstances:—
  • Page 75
    The number of bodies deposited in 1911 and the five preceding years, together with the number of inquests held and the number of post-mortem examinations made in the Mortuary is shown in the following Table:— Number of Bodies taken into the Mortuary.
    YearNo. of bodies received at the Mortuary.No. of bodies upon v/hich Coroner's inquests were held.No. of bodies upon which post mortem examinations were made.
  • Page 79
    TABLE I. Vital Statistics of Whole Districts during 1911 and previous Years.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable Deaths.Nett Deaths belonging to the Districts.
    Uncorrected Number.Nett.
    of Nonresidents registered in the District.of Residents not registered 111 the District.Under 1 Year of AgeAt all Ages.
    Number.Rate.Number.Rate.Number.Rate per 1,000Nett BirthsNumber.Rate.*
    12345678910111213
  • Page 80
    TABLE II. Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the Year, 1911.
    Notifiable Disease.Number of Cases Notified.Total Cases Notified in each WardTotal Casts Removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages.—Years.St. Charles.Golborne.Norland.Pembridge.Holland.Earl's Court.Queen's Gate.Redcliffe.Brompton.
    Under 1.1 to 5.5 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 45.45 to 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 81
    TABLE III. Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the Year 1911.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occuring within or without the District.Total Deaths whether of Residents or non "Residents" in Institutions in the District.
    All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
  • Page 82
    TABLE IV. INFANTILE MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1911. Deaths from stated Causes, in Weeks and Months, under One Year of Age.
    Cause or Death.Under 1 week.1-2 Weeks2-3 Weeks3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9-12 Months.Total Deaths under One Yeas.
  • Page 83
    TABLE V— PROCEEDINGS DURING 1911.
    PREMISES.NUMBER OF PLACES.Number of inspections, 1911.Number of notices, 1911.Number of prosecutions, 1911.
    On register at end of 1910.Added in 1911Removed in 1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 83
    Overcrowding—1911.
  • Page 84
    TABLE VI. Summary of the Work of the Sanitary Inspectors during the Year 1911.
    Number of Sanitary District.No. of Complaints from Inhabitants, &c.Number of Inspections made.Notices served.Houses Cleansed, Whitewashed, Repaired, &c.House DrainsWater Closets.Ashpits.Cisterns Cleansed, Covered, Repaired, &c.Yards and Areas paved and drained.Sanitary Works completed in the year 1911,Legal proceedings—Number of Summonses Issued.
    Inspections of Dwelling Houses.Re-inspections of Dwelling Houses.Inspections of Dairies, &c.Inspections of Bakehouses.Of other Places where Food is prepared.Of Mews,Of other Premises and Places.Smoke Observations.Total Number of Inspections in the year 1911.Written Intimations of Nuisance.Notices served by order of the Public Health Committee.Notices served under the Lodging-House By-laws.Reconstructed, Repaired, Cleansed.Ventilated, Trapped, &c.Reconstructed, Repaired, &c.Supplied with Water.New W.C.'s provided.Ashpits Abolished.New Bins provided.
  • Page 85
    TABLE VII. Causes of Death at different periods of life in the Year 1911.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Classification No.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.Totals— Under 5 Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 years and upwards.Totals — Above 5 Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 86
    TABLE VII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Classification No.Totals— All AgesUnder 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.Totals— Under 5 Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 years and upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 87
    TABLE VII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Classification No.T otals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.Totals— Under 5 Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 years and upwards.Totals— Above 5 Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 88
    TABLE VII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Classification No.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.Totals— U nder Five Years.5 and under 15 years.IS and under 25 years.25 and under 4-5 years.45 and under 65 years.65 years and upwards.Totals— Above Five Years
    TotalMFMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 89
    TABLE VII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Classification No.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.T otals— Under 5 Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years65 years and upwards.Totals— Above 5 Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 90
    TABLE VI1.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATHClassification No.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.Totals— Under 5 Years.5 and under 15 years.IS and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 years and upwards.T otals— Above 5 Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 91
    TABLE VIII. Births and Deaths in Kensington ; Birth-rates and Death-rates ; and Infantile Mortality 1881-1910 in Kensington and London.
    Number of Births.Birth Rate per 1,000 living.Number of Deaths.Death Rate per 1,000 living.Deaths under One Year.Deaths under One Year per 1,000 Births.
    PeriodKensington.London.Kensington.London.Kensington.London.
  • Page 91
    round number 176,600 as compared with the census figure 176,628. Below the populations estimated by this method are given :—
  • Page 92
    TABLE IX. Deaths from the Seven Principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class; and Zymotic Death-rate, in Kensington and London, 1871-1910.
    Quinquennial Period.Deaths from the Seven Principal Zymotic Diseases.Zymotic Death-rate, per 1,000 persons living.
    Small-pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.DiphtheriaWhooping-Cough.Typhus Fever.Enteric FeverPyrexia.DiarrhoeaTotal.Kensington.London.
  • Page 92
    TABLE X. Death-rate in Kensington, per 1,000 persons living, from each of the Seven Principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class ; Arranged also, in two groups; viz. (1) The four notifiable infectious diseases—Smallpox, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, and "Fever"; and (2) The three non-notifiable diseases—Measles, Whooping-Cough, and Diarrhoea.
    Quinquennial Period.1234567Death-rate per 1,000 from—
    Smallpox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Whooping Cough."Fever."Diarrhoea.The Seven Diseases.The Four Notifiable Infectious Diseases. (Columns 1, 3, 4, and 6.)The three on-notifiable Infectious Diseases (Columns 2, 5, and 7).
  • Page 93
    TABLE XI. Vaccination Officer's Return respecting the Vaccination of Children whose Births were Registered in 1910. (Vide page 75.)
    DATE.Registration Sub-Districts comprised in Vaccination Officer's DistrictNumber of Births returned in Birth List Sheets.Number of these Births duly entered in Columns 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the Vaccination Register (Birth List Sheets), viz. :Number of these Births which are not entered in the Vaccination Register, on account, (as shown by Report Book) of
    Column I. Successfully Vaccinated.Column II.Column V. Dead, Unvaccinated.Postponement by Medical Certificate.Removed to other Districts, and notified to Vaccination Officers of the Districts.Removal to places unknown, or which cannot be reached, and cases not having been found.Total Number of Certificates of Successful Vaccinations received during each of the Calendar Years.
    Insusceptible of Vaccination.Certificate of Conscientious Objection.
    1910.1911.
    1910.12346789101213
  • Page 94
    TABLE XII. PHTHISIS: SANATORIUM AND HOSPITAL ACCOMMODATION.
    Classes for which accommodation is provided.By whom provided.Where situatedTotal number of BedsHow are patients selected ?Are patients under the care of a resident Medical Officer ?What charge, if any, is made for the use of Beds.Do the Sanitary Authority use— (1) their Isolation Hospital, or (2) their Small-pox Hospital for cases of Phthisis ?Do the Sanitary Authority reserve Beds in any Phthisis Sanatorium : If so, how many, and in what Sanatorium ?Do the Sanitary Authority provide portable open-air Shelters or Tents ?