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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1914

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1915
Pages
138
Tables
92

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92 tables in this report

  • Page 12
    POPULATION. The undermentioned figures are abstracted from the report of the Registrar-General on the Census of England and Wales, 1911 (County of London).
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Homes.Population.
    1901.1911.1901.1911.
  • Page 12
    The following table shows the progressive decline which has taken place since 1861 in the number of inhabitants who reside within the City boundaries, and the progressive increase in the number of workers who are daily employed in the City:—
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 13
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Consci-entious Objections.
    per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 14
    Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.97 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 15
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse I nfirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1914, compared with the previous five years:—
    YearCity of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 16
    Nett Deaths from stated Causes at Various Ages under One Year of Age.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Under 1 Week,1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 4 Weeks.4 Weeks and under 3 Months.3 Months and under 6 Months.6 Months and under 9 Months.9 Months and under 12 Months.Total Deaths under 1 Year.
  • Page 17
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE .
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 17
    City of London compared with, the Metropolis for the Year 1914 and the previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Rate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent. of Deaths Registered.Death fromprincipal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Popu. lation(Corporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 18
    Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1914 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Uncorrected number.Birtbs.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable Deaths.‡Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Nett.Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    of Nonresidents registered in the District, †of Residents noi registered in the District, †
    Number, †Bate.Number. *Rate.Number. *Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number. *Rate.
  • Page 19
    Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the Year 1914.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined auks op "Residents" whether occurring within or without the district.Total Deaths whether op "Residents" on " non- "Residents" in Institutions in the District.
    All agesUnder 1 year.1 and under 2 years2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
  • Page 20
    In the following Tables will be found particulars of infectious diseases notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:-
    NATURE OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed, to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis subsequently found to be incorrect.
  • Page 20
    The following is a Return of infectious diseases notified, exclusive of Chicken-pox, in the City of London, with the percentages of such cases removed to hospitals for treatment or nursed at home during 1914, compared with the figures for the previous five years —
    Year.Number of cases reported.Per cent, of cases-reported.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
  • Page 21
    CITY OF LONDON. This Table is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Local Government Board.
    Notifiable Disease.Number of Cases Notified.*Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.
    Under 1.1 and under 6 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
  • Page 23
    PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from the 4th January, 1914, to the 2nd January, 1915, in the City of London.
    Age-periodsNotifications on Form A.Notifications on Form B. †Number of Notifications on Form C.
    Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form A.Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form B.Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.
  • Page 28
    N umber of Patients treated at the Dispensary during the M onths of N ovember and D ecember , 1914. NEW PATIENTS.
    Residents—Tuberculous.Not Tuberculous.Doubtful.
  • Page 28
    ATTENDANCES.
    Residents—Tuberculous.Not Tuberculous.Doubtful.
  • Page 35
    Report on Samples of Milk (taken at Railway Stations) as regards Dirt and Tubercle B acilli. October and N ovember, 1914.
    No. of Sample.Presence of dirt.Date of inoculation of guinea-pig.Date of animal's death.Condition found after death.Result as regards presence of tubercle bacilli.
  • Page 36
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Sample.Presence of dirt.Date of inoculation of guinea-pig.Date of animal's death.Condition found after death.Result as regards presence of tubercle bacilli.
  • Page 38
    For purposes of comparison, I give the results obtained in previous investigations:—
    1904.1905.1906.1907.8.1909.1910.
    1st.2nd.
    per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 39
    MILK SAMPLES AT RAILWAY STATIONS. Result of Chemical Examination.
    Sample No.Fat. per cent.Solids not Fat. per cent.Water. per cent.Sample No.Fat. per cent.Solids not Fat. per cent.Water. per cent.
  • Page 41
    Inspection of Tenement Houses and Dwelling Houses in the City of London.
    District.No. of houses inspected.No. of tenements in the houses inspected.No. inspected so injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation.No. of representations submitted.No. of closing orders made.No. of houses presenting defects .
  • Page 46
    Samples of Deep Well Water examined by the Public Analyst , 1914.
    No. of Sample.Date of Sampling.analyst'S report.
    Free n.h.3Alb. n.h 3Oxygen absorbed.Nitrogen as Nitrates.ChlorineTotal Solids.Hardness.Lead, Copper and Zinc.Remarks.
    All these results are expressed in grains per gallon.
  • Page 48
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 30 Y ears —1885-1914.
    YEAR.Woking.*Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.City of London.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 49
    Table of Births and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings, Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1914.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined Ages.
    At all Rges.Under 1 year.l and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6565 and upwards.
    Male.Female.
  • Page 50
    Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 50
    Record of Attendances at the Baths, Artizans' Dwellings. (The corresponding figures for 1913 are in italics.)
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
    1913.1914.1913.1914.1913.1914.1913.1914.1913.1914.
  • Page 51
    Number of Articles disinfected, Bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1914, compared with the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &c., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 59
    WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 60
    MIDDLE DISTRICT. (Inspector E. J. Simmons.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 60
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 61
    The foregoing are summarised as under:—
    DistrictNumber of inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 61
    R egistered L odging.houses.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 62
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Fire Rooms or more.
  • Page 62
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.
  • Page 63
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.
  • Page 67
    Summary of Observations and Reports for the Months of April to December, 1914.
    Month of the Year 1914.Place.3456789101112
    Rainfall in millimetres.Metrio tons of deposit per square kilometre during month.
    Insoluble matter.Soluble matter.Total solids.Included in soluble matter.
    Tar.Carbonaceous other than tar.Ash.Loss on ignition.Ash.Sulphate as (SO4).Chlorine (CI).Ammonia (NH3).
  • Page 69
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows:—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 69
    The following is a summary of inspections of separate Workrooms, &c., since the passing of the Act:—
    Factories.Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 69
    W orkshops.
  • Page 70
    Continued from previous page...
    Workplaces.Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 78
    1914. Summary of Work 1done under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, and the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, &c.
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.East District. Inspector †Dunworth.West District. Inspector Robinson.West District. Miss Safford.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 79
    Continued from previous page...
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.Fast District. Inspector †Dunworth.West District. Inspector Robinson.West District. Miss Safford.East District Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 80
    Continued from previous page...
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.East District. Inspector *Dunworth.West District Inspector Robinson.West District. Miss Safford.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 81
    Continued from previous page...
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.East District. Inspector * Dunworth.West District. Inspector Robinson.West District. Miss SafEord.East District. Miss Wilkinson.
  • Page 82
    The following figures show the steady increase in the number of Outworkers notified:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 83
    Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inbpectoes or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises. (1)Number.
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 83
    2.- DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars. (1)Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions. (5)
    Found. (2)Remedied. (3)Referred to H.M. Inspect or. (4)
  • Page 84 85
    3.—HOME WORK.
    NATURE OF WORK. *OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109,110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (s. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Lists.Sending twice in the year.Lists.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    OutworkersOutworkers.
    Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.
  • Page 84 85
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS. 5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Workshops cn the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year. (1)Number. (2)Class (1)Number. (2)
  • Page 87
    Comparison—Supplies 1914 and 1913.
    Source of Supply or Classification.1914.1913.Difference.Ratio per cent.
  • Page 87
    Analysis of Supplies, 1914.
    Source of Supply.Beef and Veal.Ratio per cent.Mutton and Lamb.Ratio per cent.Pork and Bacon.Ratio per cent.Poultry, Game, Rabbits, & c.Ratio per cent.Totals.Ratio per cent, of Totals.
  • Page 88
    Record of South American Tongues Examined at the Cold Stores during the Year 1914.
    Owners.No. of Boxes.No. of Tongues.No. of Tongues Passed.No. of Tongues Rejected.
  • Page 89
    Examination of Meat for Export, &c. Certificates granted by the Medical Officer of Health.
    Destination.Fore-quarters of Beef.Hind-quarters of Beef.Crops of Beef.Top pieces of Beef.Pieces of Beef (various).Carcases of Mutton.Pieces of Mutton.Carcases of Lamb.Bags of Suet.Ox Tongues.
  • Page 89
    Carcases, Quarters and Pieces.
    Beep.pobk.Veal.
    Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Q uarters.Pieces.Carcases.Pieces.
  • Page 90
    Offal.
    Beef.Pork.Calves.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesentery.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Mesentery.Kidneys.Lung.Hearts.Livers.
  • Page 90
    Unsound Food Destroyed.
    Poultry and Game.Rail2
  • Page 91
    Unsound Food ex Cold Stores.
    Article.Number.How packed.Country of Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 92
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Number.How packed.Country of Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 93
    The following table shows the number of animals slaughtered as compared with 1913:—
    1914.1913.
  • Page 93
    Carcases and Quarters Seized and Destroyed at Aldgate.
    Causes for Destruction.Beef.Mutton.Veal.Goat.Pig.
    Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.
  • Page 94
    Record of Organs seized at Aldgate.
    Reason for Destruction.Oxen.Sheep.Calves.Goat's.Pigs
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesentries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.
  • Page 95
    Summary of Unsound Food Destroyed.
    Tons.cwt.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 99
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 41 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.o/0 of Unsound Meat.
  • Page 100
    *The sources of origin of the Central Market Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent, of total annual deliveries.
    British.†Foreign Killed.American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.‡
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 100
    *Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1910.1911.1912.1913.1914.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 100
    The meat, &c., seized by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1914.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
  • Page 101
    The percentages of meat seized under the various headings of the above Table during 1914 and for the preceding five years, classed as diseased, unsound and unwholesome, were as follows:—
    Year.Diseased.Unsound.*Unwholesome.
  • Page 101
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1913 and 1914.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market. 1913.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1913.Meat delivered at the Market, 1914.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1914.
  • Page 102
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1914.
    Serial Number.Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
    1914.
  • Page 103
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1914.*
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwt.qrs.Per cent.
  • Page 104
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1914 and the five years 1909.1913.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tonscwtsqrs.
  • Page 107
    The accompanying Table has been partly compiled from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board, to which are added some figures for the City of London, and London as a whole:—
    Year.Total Number of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total Number Examined in City of London.Number of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.*City of London.London.
  • Page 107
    The adulteration of milk during 1914 (as compared with 1913) is shown in the following Table:—
    Year.No. of Samples Examined.Found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 110
    The figures for 1914 and ten previous years are given hereunder:—
    Year.No. of samples taken.No. of Samples found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 112
    The following Table includes particulars of drug adulteration in the City during the past ten years:—
    Samples taken.Found adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 114 115
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (MILK AND CREAM) REGULATIONS, 1912. Articles examined during each Quarter Year 1914.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st MarchQuarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1914.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 119
    Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 120
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY— continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 121
    Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 122
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 123
    Appendix C. REGISTER OF HOUSES Let in lodgings or occupied by members of more than one family. WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 124
    WEST DISTRICT— continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 125
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 125
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 126
    EAST DISTRICT— continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.TenementsLodgers,
  • Page 127
    BAST DISTRICT— continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 128
    Appendix D. List of Persons registered under the Dairies, Cowsheds and Milkshops Orders. 1st January, 1915.
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 129
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered
  • Page 130
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 131
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 132
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person. Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 133
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.