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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
London County Council 1956
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]
- Published
- 1957
- Pages
- 251
- Tables
- 157
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Page 3
Deaths of infants :—
Legitimate Illegitimate Total -
Page 3
Maternal mortality:—
Postabortion Other pregnancy and childbirth Total -
Page 9
The figures in recent years are:
Year Illegitimate live births Illegitimate live births as a percentage of total live births London A.C. England and Wales -
Page 11
The leading causes of death in London in 1956 were as follows:
Deaths Rate per 1,000 population -
Page 12
Death rates from heart disease per 1,000 living
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Average -
Page 12
Average annual deaths and death rates 1950.56 per 1,000 population Age in years
15-44 45-64 65-74 75+ All ages over 14 -
Page 14
Death rates from component parts of heart disease
1950 1951 1952 1953 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. -
Page 14
Death rates from component parts of heart disease
1954 1955 1956 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. -
Page 14
Age specific deaths and death rates, 1956, for chronic rheumatic, hypertensive and other heart disease
15-44 45-64 65-74 75+ All ages -
Page 15
Age specific death rates from coronary disease, angina, 1950-56
Age Group 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 15
Rates for specified age groups since 1948 are shown below : London A.C.: Cancer Mortality Rates per 1,000 living
Age and Sex 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 18
The distribution of causes of death in the first four weeks of life in descending order of magnitude in 1955 and 1956 was as follows:
Cause No. of deaths Per cent of total 1955 1956 1955 1956 -
Page 19
problems of causation common to both. Comparative rates for perinatal mortality per 1,000 total births are given below for London and England and Wales.
Year(s) London England and Wales Year London England and Wales -
Page 19
A summary of maternal mortality for England and Wales in recent years statistics is given below. Comparative figures are shown in Table 8 (page 228).
Year Live births and stillbirths Deaths in pregnancy or child-birth excluding abortion Post-abortion deaths No. Rate per 1,000 total births No. Rate† -
Page 23
Details are shown in the following table:
Year Notifications by age Deaths by age 0-4 5-14 15+ 0-4 5-14 15+ -
Page 24
The fatality rate (6 deaths in 279 notifications) suggests a less severe infection than was experienced in previous epidemics. The number of notifications in the three main age groups in recent years was as follows:
Year Notifications by age 0-4 5-14 15+ Total -
Page 24
The variations in the proportion of notifications falling in the 0-4 group are seen in the following table:
Percentage of notifications in age groups Year 0-4 5-14 15+ Total -
Page 25
The following table shows the distribution of heart disease deaths of persons under 45 years, according to age, in recent years:
Deaths from heart disease under 45 years Rate per 1,000 living Year 0-4 5-14 15-44 Total (0-44) -
Page 29
Table T1— Tuberculosis—Statutory notifications and deaths—Administrative County of London, 1921-56 ( a )
Year(s) Pulmonary tuberculosis Non-pulmonary tuberculosis Statutory notifications Deaths Statutory notifications Deaths No. Annual rate per 1,000 living No. Annual rate per 1,000 living No. Annual rate per 1,000 living No. Annual rate per 1,000 living -
Page 29
Table T2— Pulmonary tuberculosis—Notification and death rates per 1,000 living by age and sex, 1947-1956
Year Age 0-4 5-14 15-44 45 and over All ages M F M F M F M F M F -
Page 30
Table T3— Non-pulmonary tuberculosis—Notification and death rates per 1,000 living by age and sex, Administrative County of London, 1947-1956
Year Age 0-4 5-14 15-44 45 and over All ages M F M F M F M F M F -
Page 30
T able T4— Tuberculosis—Statutory notifications by age groups, 1956
Form of tuberculosis notified Sex Number of notifications of new cases of tuberculosis by age Total all ages 0- 1- 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 35- 45- 55- 65+ -
Page 30
T able T5— Tuberculosis—Deaths in Administrative County of London, 1956
Form of tuberculosis Sex Age at death Total all ages 0- 1- 5- 15- 25- 45- 65- 75+ -
Page 31
T able T6— Statutory notification of non-pulmonary tuberculosis—Distribution according to site and age, Administrative County of London, 1956
Site of tuberculous lesion Numbers of notifications of new cases of non-pulmonary tuberculosis by age Total all ages 0-4 5-14 15-24 25+ -
Page 31
Table T7— Patients on the registers* —1947-1956
1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 31
Table T8— Condition of new cases and their contacts, 1956
-
Page 32
T able T9— Summary of investigations into tuberculosis 'incidents' at Council establishments —Administrative County of London, 1956
Establishment Notified case Children Adults Tuberculin tested Positive reaction X-rayed Abnormal X-rayed Abnormal -
Page 33
T able T10— Summary of services provided for tuberculous patients—Administrative County of London 1952-56
1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 34
Table T11— Principal tuberculosis statistics—Metropolitan Boroughs and the Administrative County of London, 1956
Metropolitan Boroughs New notifications Deaths from tuberculosis Tuberculosis deaths per 1,000 population Pulmonary tuberculosis deaths per 1,000 population aged 15 and over Number of tuberculosis cases on clinic registers at 31.12.56 Cases on register per 1,000 population Mass X-ray findings Estimated home population mid 1956 Pulmonary Tuberculosis of Meninges and C.N.S. Other non-pulmonary tuberculosis Total New notifications per 1,000 population Pulmonary Non-pulmonary tuberculosis Total deaths Number of pulmonary cases found per 1,000 adults examined * Total Percentage sputum positive during 1956 -
Page 35
T able T12— Tuberculosis—Contact examinations at Chest Clinics—Administrative County of London, 1956
Chest clinics Estimated population served Total new cases of tuberculosis (all forms) New contacts seen New contacts not determined New contacts diagnosed New contacts found tuberculous Per cent new contacts found tuberculous among diagnosed contacts Calculated rate of new contacts seen per 100 new cases -
Page 36
Table. T13— Tuberculosis—Annual chest X-ray examination of mental defectives at senior occupation centres—Administrative County of London —1956
Division Occupation centre E.B.—elder boys E.G.—elder girls Average roll at time of examination Date of examination No. X-rayed No. of cases of T.B. discovered Under 15 Over 15 -
Page 36
Table T14— B.C.G. vaccination under L.C.C. schemes in 1956
1956 -
Page 37
T able T15— B.C.G. vaccination of school children in Administrative County of London, 1956— Divisional figures
Division No. of 13-years-old school children Total No. of consents Alleged contacts of known cases No. of children tested and read by B.C.G. units Children not dealt with because of refusal of consent or absence Positive reactors (among (4) ) No. of negative reactors vaccinated by B.C.G units Consents included in (2) No. Per cent. of (1) No. Per cent. -
Page 39
Milk sampling During the year 190 samples were taken of liquid milk arriving in London in churns and the results of the biological examinations were as follows :
Designation Samples examined Results of examination T.B. bacillus isolated T.B. bacillus NOT isolated Test not completed* Percentage positive of completed tests -
Page 41
Table (i) Number of new registrations during the year with percentage recommended to obtain treatment
Age Principal cause of defective vision Total Cataract Glaucoma Retrolental fibroplasia Other conditions -
Page 41
Table (ii) Re-examination of persons recommended to obtain treatment
Principal cause of defective vision Cataract Glaucoma Retrolental fibroplasia Other conditions Total -
Page 42
At the end of the year there were 39 homes on the register with 837 beds distributed as follows:
Number of beds in home Number of homes Patients accommodated Maternity† Others* Total -
Page 44
The following sections of this report deal in greater detail with many aspects of the work done and the following table summarises the number of samples examined.
-
Page 45
Continued from previous page...
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Page 57
Statistics relating to ante- and post-natal and educational sessions are given in the following tables :
Year Ante-natal Post-natal Clinics at end of year (including ante-natal, post-natal, and combined) Sessions per month Attendances Percentage of pregnant women attending at an ante-natal clinic No. of women attending during year First Total -
Page 58
Child welfare
Year Clinics at end of year (includ-special clinics for toddlers) Sessions per month Attendances Percentage of infants attending a centre at least once in the first year of life Under 1 year Over 1 year Toddlers First Total First Total -
Page 60
The following table gives comparative figures of issues during 1955 and 1956 :
Welfare food Average weekly issues -
Page 60
The number of maintained and grant-aided day nurseries and the number of places provided at 31st December, 1956, and a comparison with the previous year are shown in the following tables:
Number of day nurseries at 31st December. Total MAINTAINED GRANT-AIDED -
Page 60
Number of places provided at 31st December.
Age-group Maintained Grant-aided Total -
Page 61
An indication of the extent of the scheme during the twelve months to 31st July, 1956, may be seen from the following figures :
-
Page 62
Gross cost of service :
-
Page 66
Total number of domiciliary confinements attended by London County Council, Hospital and Nursing Association midwives —1954-1956
Year L.C.C. District Nursing Association Hospital L.C.C. District Nursing Association Hospital Grand Total -
Page 67
Midwives Act, 1951 Notifications of intention to practise were received as follows :
1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 67
Fees paid under the Midwives Act to medical practitioners called in by midwives in emergency were as follows :
1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 69
the average strength of the health visitor service available during the year tor health visiting duties, apart from the tuberculosis and school health services, was equivalent to 367 full-time units. In addition to clinic and other duties these health visitors made 811,952 home visits.
Home visits 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 71
The completed treatments related to the following conditions :
Number Percentage of total -
Page 71
These patients were referred to the nursing associations by :
Number Percentage of total -
Page 72
The number of cases assisted fell slightly during the year, but the growth of the service in terms of hours worked and home helps employed is illustrated by the following figures :
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 72
The consistent pattern of cases assisted is shown by the percentage figures for the last three years :
1954 Per cent. 1955 Per cent. 1956 Per cent. -
Page 75
The total number or children immumsed against diphtheria for the first time in 1956 was 44,237. The figures for the last seven years are shown below:
(All ages) 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 76
Vaccination of children under 1
Number vaccinated Percentage of annual live births -
Page 77
Number of children offered inoculation Number of children registered for inoculation Percentage registration Number of children inoculated Percentage inoculation of registered children No. of injections Total (4) and (5) in (2) No. of injections Total (7) and (8) Two One Two One -
Page 80
The vehicle strength at the end of 1956 was as follows :—
-
Page 83
Analysis of accident section work
1955 1956 -
Page 84
Work performed by the directly provided service
Tear Accident Section General Section Total Patients Non-patient carrying journeys Total journeys (calls) Mileage Patients Journeys Mileage Patients Journeys Mileage -
Page 84
Work performed by the agency and supplementary services
Tear Ambulance Dept.— Joint Committee Order of St. John British Red Cross Society Hospital Car Service West Ham County Borough Council Total Patients Mileage Patients Mileage Patients Mileage Patients Mileage -
Page 84
Work performed by both sections of the directly provided service and by the agency and supplementary services
Tear Total Emergency Work Total General Section Work Grand Total Patients Mileage Patients Mileage Patients Mileage -
Page 85
The following are particulars of new cases and attendances:
Year New cases Attendances Staff at the end of the year (in terms of whole units) -
Page 85
Admissions to recuperative holiday homes
Years Unaccompanied children Accompanied children Expectant and nursing mothers Other adults Total Under 5 years School children -
Page 86
The table below gives the number of patients completing treatment and of defaulters as shown by analysis of the returns from the clinics:
Syphilis Gonorrhoea Male Female Male Female -
Page 88
The following table shows the number of persons referred to the mental welfare officers during the year and the number of separate investigations :
Male Female Total -
Page 88
The following table gives the sources of referral of cases to the mental welfare officers during the year:
Source No. of cases -
Page 89
The following table shows the initial action taken by mental welfare officers in age groups under 65 and over 65 :
Action taken Under No. 65 Percentage Over No. 65 Percentage Tote No. Percentage -
Page 89
The ultimate disposal of the patients admitted to observation wards (including 17 out-county cases) is shown below :
-
Page 90
A summary is given below of the final disposal of all cases investigated by the mental welfare officers, including those admitted to observation wards, divided into age groups under 65 and over 65.
Under 65 Over 65 Total No. Percentage No. Perc.ntage No. Percentage -
Page 91
The following table shows the rate of referral of cases to the mental welfare officers per 10,000 population in each age-status group. In general the figures reveal a much lower rate of referral of married persons than single, widowed or divorced persons. This difference is more striking because approximately one-sixth of the married persons seen by the mental welfare officers were in fact separated but they had to be included in the 'married' group because there is no record of the number of 'married but separated' persons in the population.
Single Married Widowed Divorced Age group Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female -
Page 92
The following table shows the sources from which cases were brought to notice under the Mental Deficiency Acts and the action taken thereon :
Sources of information 1953 1954 1955 1956 Totals from 1.4.14 to 31.12.56 -
Page 92
The position at 31st December, with regard to the cases referred to in the last column of the preceding table is shown below, together with the position on the same date in the three preceding years:
1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 92
* This figure includes patients on licence who were visited at regular intervals by officers of the Council on behalf of the regional hospital boards as follows: 1953, 236; 1954, 247; 1955, 212; 1956, 122.
-
Page 93
The following is a summary of the cases dealt with and comparable figures for the three preceding years :
1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 96
Occupation Centres The accommodation available in all centres at the end of December, was as follows :
-
Page 99
Details of the medical inspections carried out m 1956, with comparable figures tor the two previous years, are as follows :
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 100
Pupils referred for treatment
Age group and sex 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 100
The following table shows the percentages of the principal defects (other than infestation, teeth or errors of refraction) found in pupils of all age groups inspected at general medical inspections and referred for treatment or observation, with comparable figures for 1954 and 1955.
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 101
Routine medical inspections, 1956 Pupils known to have had tonsillectomy
Age groups (1) (2) (3) Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total -
Page 101
The school meals service aims at concentrating the maximum food value into the quantity of food a child is willing to eat and the following standards have been set :
Age group Minimum number of calories -
Page 102
The following table gives the results of such vision tests carried out during 1956 :
Visual acuity (with glasses, if worn) Percentage referred for treatment 6/6 0/ /o 6/9 0/ /o 6/12 or worse 0/ /o 0/ /o wearing glasses Already wearing glasses Not wearing glasses Total -
Page 103
Classification Referred for Observation Total A—Good B—Fair C—Poor Treatment Percentages A -
Page 103
The classification of general condition recorded at these ' nutrition ' re-inspections, with comparable figures for previous years, was as follows :
Good Fair Poor -
Page 103
The following table gives the results of the personal hygiene inspections carried out during 1956 :
Total Number of Inspections Pupils found to be verminous* Number Percentage -
Page 104
The following table shows the results of the operation of this 'cleansing scheme' during 1956 :
1. Number of occasions on which pupils were found to be ' verminous ' (as defined) 15,165 -
Page 104
The steady decline in the numbers of verminous pupils in recent years is shown in the following table, and may be attributed to improved social standards, greater concern on the part of parents, and the effectiveness of the cleansing scheme.
Year No. of pupils on school rolls No. of nurses' hygiene inspections No. of occasions on which pupils were found to be ' verminous ' Column (4) as a percentage of column (3) No. of individual children comprising column (4) Percentage of the school population of the individual children in col. (6) -
Page 105
The following table gives the mam contra-indications disclosed at the medical inspections of 22,500 school leavers during 1956 :
Contra-indications Boys Girls -
Page 106
The records of the audiometric test in 1956 were as follows:
Aged 5+ (2 Divs.) Age 7+ (7 Divs.) -
Page 109
The following table shows the number of clinics available in school treatment centres for the treatment of each defect (comparable figures for 1955 are shown in brackets) :
Type of clinic -
Page 110
The report of the children's care organisers working in the out-patient department of Guy's Hospital illustrates the wide scope of this liaison between the school health service and the hospitals. The following is a short statistical summary of the report :
Hospital department New cases Total Discharged— attendances treatment complete -
Page 110
Care should, therefore, be exercised before attempting to draw conclusions about the incidence of defects or the extent to which treatment has been obtained, from the figures that follow :
Type of clinic 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 111
Cases of infectious illness involving exclusion or absence reported from schools in 1956 and preceding years
Year Chicken-pox Diphtheria German measles Impetigo Measles Mumps Ophthalmia and Conjunctivitis Poliomyelitis Ringworm Scabies Scarlet fever Whooping cough -
Page 112
Handicapped pupils At the end of the year special educational treatment was being provided for nearly 11,000 pupils, and the following table shows the main categories of handicap and numbers of pupils receiving full-time special educational treatment :
Day special schools Boarding special schools Hospitals Non-Council boarding schools, hostels, foster-homes -
Page 112
year the numbers or new formal ascertainments were as follows :
Day Boarding -
Page 112
The following table gives details of the numbers of children found to be no longer in need of special educational treatment during 1955 :
Day Boarding -
Page 113
Details of the numbers reported under this section are given below :
-
Page 116
During 1956 an attempt was made to estimate the number of children who would be likely eventually to require special educational treatment as a result of poliomyelitis contracted in 1955. The figures were as follows :
Sex Notifications Number with residual paralysis Number estimated to require special educational treatment All Paralytic -
Page 116
An analysis of the degree of severity in the 263 cases with residual paralysis was as follows :
-
Page 116
These figures may be compared with those quoted in the Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health, 1950.9. p.218, in respect of the 1947 and 1949 epidemics :
England and Wales London -
Page 116
The 82 cases may be analysed as to age group and sex as follows :
Age group Boys Girls Total -
Page 117
Juvenile rheumatism The diminishing volume of work in the rheumatism advisory clinics is demonstrated below :
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 119
Thefollowing table gives details of the work carried out during the year at the four units :
Baltersea Brixton Earls Court Woodberry Down Total -
Page 120
Continued from previous page...
Battersea Brixton Earls Court Woodberry Down Total -
Page 123
Table I
Year Establishment approved temporarily (full-time positions) Staff Equivalent in Full-time staff Sessions Total Sessions per week Total Number employed Fulltime Part-time School Service MCW Service School Service MCW Service School service MCW service Fulltime Part-time Fulltime Part-time -
Page 124
Table II
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 124
Table III
-
Page 125
Table IV
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 125
Table V
1954 1955 1956 -
Page 129
FINANCE the tota l capital expenditure on the health services of the Council in the year ended Capital 31st March, 1956, was .£56,813, details of which are as follows:
-
Page 129
The gross cost of the various services in 1955-56—including central administrative Maintenance and debt charges—and the contributions recovered from recipients of the services were:
Service Cost Amount recovered in charges £ £ -
Page 129
The net cost of the services after allowing for Government grant, expressed in terms of rate in the £ was 11.87d., divided as follows:
d. -
Page 143
The distribution figures for the last two years were:
Year ended National Dried Milk (Tins) Cod Liver Oil (Bottles) Orange Juice (Bottles) Vitamin A and D Tablets -
Page 162
Table 1— Numbers and percentages of problem families in families with a child or children under 5 years of age
-
Page 163
Continued from previous page...
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Page 164
Table II— Total numbers of potential and hardcore problem families
Problem family Children under five only Children under and over five Children all over five In welfare homes Total -
Page 165
Table III— Percentage incidence of factors among approximately 1,000 problem families with a child or children under five years of age
Factor Potential problem families Hardcore problem families All problem families -
Page 166
Factor Potential problem families Hardcore problem families All problem families -
Page 167
Table IV— Time spent by health visitors on problem families with a child or children under five years of age
-
Page 183
This table shows, by Divisions, the use made of the various personal health services to prevent the reception of children into the care of the Council, and the number of children concerned. Credit is given only to the service which was mainly responsible for enabling the child to remain at home with its parents or guardians.
Division Population 30.6.55 estimate Home nursing Health visitor Child help Morning or evening help Home help Day nursery Child minder Recuperative holidays Other services Foster-mother TOTALS -
Page 187
Table 1— Standardised Mortality Ratios, London A.C.for all causes and certain diseases —1955 (England and Wales — 100)
Age Groups All causes Bronchitis Other respiratory diseases including respiratory tuberculosis Lung cancer Other cancer Cardiovascular diseases -
Page 188
Table II— Social class distribution of Males (occupied and retired), Census 1951 percentage
I II III IV V -
Page 192
T able III— Six-monthly and two-yearly means of atmospheric pollution recordings. Smoke in milligrams of black suspended matter per 100 cubic metres of air per day, sulphur dioxide in parts per 100 million parts of air per day
Recording station Winter 1954-55 (a) Summer 1955 (b) Winter 1955-56 (a) Summer 1956 (b) Two-yearly Smoke SO2 Smoke SO2 Smoke SO2 Smoke SO2 Smoke SO2 -
Page 193
Table IV— Various indices of population, atmospheric pollution and standardised mortality ratios for deaths from all causes and certain diseases for the two years ended 30 th September, 1956.
Area Sex Population Index of atmospheric Pollution Standardised mortality ratios (a) London A.C. — 100 Estimated number mid-1955 Percentage in social classes IV& V (census 1951) Percentage born in London (census 1951) Smoke SO, All causes Bronchitis Other respiratory (including respiratory tuberculosis) Lung cancer Other cancer Cardiovascular diseases -
Page 194
Table v— Zero order correlation coefficients of various indices of population, atmospheric pollution and standardised mortality ratios for all causes and certain diseases
All causes Bronchitis Other respiratory Lung cancer Other cancer Cardiovascular (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) -
Page 207
Table VI— Weekly deaths (occurrences)—all causes and certain specific causes— 25th December, 1955 to 25 th February, 1956
Week ended Saturday All deaths Cardiovascular Cancer of the lung Bronchitis Other respiratory -
Page 207
Table VII— National Insurance First Applications for Sickness Benefit (figures relate to week ended Tuesday)
-
Page 208
Table VIII— Total Applications for hospital beds to the Emergency Bed Service (figures relate to week ended Saturday)
-
Page 208
Table IX— New cases taken on the books of District Nursing Associations
1954/55 1955/56 1956/57 -
Page 212
Not a lot can be gleaned from the bare facts presented in Table I—the main increase in falls is in the unspecified group; as regards burns there has been since 1952 a sub-analysis as follows:
Cause 1952 Year 1953 1954 1955 -
Page 212
Of the total of 5,743 fatal accidents in the home in 1955 the age and sex distribution was:
0- 5- 15- 45- 65 and over Total -
Page 212
To make the position clearer the numbers of deaths in the sex and age groups have been set out below in rates per 100,000 population in the respective groups:
0- 5 — 15- 45 — 65 and over Total -
Page 215
Home accidents reported by the London Ambulance Service—Year ended 31st March, 1956 Rates per 10,000 population by age groups Age group
Under 1 1- 2- 3&4 5- 20- 60— 70— 80+ -
Page 216
Falls—Accident rates per 10,000 population by age and sex groups
0- 5- 60- 70- 80+ -
Page 224
Table I— Fatal home accidents in England and Wales 1950-1955
Type of accident Year 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 -
Page 225
Table II— Fatal home accidents in England and Wales, 1955— By age, sex and wain causes
Age group Falls Burns Coal-Gas Drowning Inhalation Poison Scalds Suffocation Miscellaneous Total M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T -
Page 226
Table III— Details of accidents reported by London Ambulance Service during year ended 31-3-56
Under 1 1- 2- 3 and 4 5-19 20-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Males Females Total -
Page 227
Table IV— Home accidents reported by London Ambulance Service during year ended 31-3-56 Analysis of types and overall rates by Divisions
Cause of accident Division Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (Chelsea, Fulham, Hammersmith, Kensington) (Hampstead, Paddington, St. Maryle- bone, St. Pancras, Westminster) (Finsbury, Holborn, Islington) (Hackney, Shoreditch, Stoke Newington) (Bethnal Green, City of London, Poplar, Stepney) (Deptford, Greenwich Woolwich) (Camberwell,Lewisham) (Bermond- sey, Lambeth, Southwark) (Battersea, Wandsworth) -
Page 228
Table V— Home accidents to children under 5 years of age during year ended 31-3-56 reported by health visitors
Cause 0- 1- 2— 3- 4— Boys Girls Total -
Page 228
Table VI— Falls in the home by persons aged 60 and over during year ended 31-3-56, reported by District Nursing Associations
-
Page 229
APPENDIX D STATISTICS (a) Table 1— Population (b)—Administrative County of London, 1901-56
Year Mid-year (c) estimate of population by the Registrar-General by age groups Average age (years) Total 0-4 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ -
Page 230
Table 2— Live births and still-births—Administrative County of London, 1941-56
Year(s) Live births Still-births No. Rate per 1,000 population* No. Rate per 1,000 total births (live and still) -
Page 231
T able 3 — Vital statistics—Metropolitan Boroughs and the Administrative County of London, 1956 (a)
Metropolitan Boroughs Estimated home population mid1956 Live birth rate. Death-rates Notifications of infectious disease Deaths (all causes) Infant mortality (per i.ooo live births) Heart disease Other circulatory Cerebral vascular lesions Peptic ulcer Pulmonary tuberculosis Pneumonia Other respiratory diseases (inc. Bronchitis) Cancer Violence Scarlet fever Dysen-tery Poliomyelitis Food Poisoning Acute pneumonia Measles Whooping cough Tuberculosis Paralytic Nov Paralytic Pulmonary Nonr pulmonary -
Page 232
Table 4 — Principal vital statistics—Administrative County of London, 1906-1956
Year(s) Annual rate per 1,000 living Annual mortality per 1,000 living (a) Annual mortality Infant (per 1,000 live births) Maternal (per 1,000 total births (b)) Live births Marriages Deaths (all causes) Tuberculosis Diphtheria Influenza Measles Meningococcal infection Whooping cough Bronchitis Pneumonia (all forms) Other resp. diseases Heart disease Cancer Diabetes Violence Infants 0—1 Diarrhoea and enteritis 0—2 Puerperal sepsis Other child-birth Pulmonary Non-pulmonary Suicide Road accidents Other violence -
Page 233
Table 5— Deaths by cause—Administrative County of London, 1956
-
Page 234
T able 5 ( contd.)—Deaths by cause—Administrative County of London, 1956
-
Page 234
Table 6 — Infant mortality—Administrative County of London, 1956
Cause of death Age at death Total Rates per 1,000 live births Under 1 day 1 to 7 days 1 to 4 wks. 4 wks. to 1 yr. No. Male Female Total Male Female -
Page 235
T able 7— Infant mortality by cause—Administrative County of London, 1936.1956
Cause of death 1936 to 1940 1941 to 1945 1946 to 1950 1951 to 1955 1955 1956 -
Page 235
T able 8 — Maternal mortality (excluding abortion)—Administrative County of London and
1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 -
Page 236
Table 9— Notifiable infectious diseases—Annual number of notifications and numbers per 1,000 of population—Administrative County of London, 1934.1956
Year Anthrax Diphtheria Dysentery Acute Encephalitis Enteric fever Erysipelas Malaria Measles Meningococcal infection Ophthalmia neonatorum Pneumonia Poliomyelitis Puerperal pyrexia Scabies Scarlet fever Smallpox Typhus Whooping Cough Food poisoning Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate -
Page 237
Table 10 Notification of certain infectious diseases distribution by age and date of notification—Administrative County of London, 52 weeks commencing week ended 1th January, 1956
Fourweekly periods 1956 Dysentery Measles Meningococcal infection Pneumonia Poliomyelitis Scarlet fever Whooping cough Paralytic Non-paralytic or not stared Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages 0—4 5—14 15+ Total 0—4 5—14 15+ Total 0—4 5—74 15+ Total 0—4 5—74 75+ Total 0—4 5—74 75+ Total 0—4 5—74 75+ Total 0—4 5—14 75+ Total 0—4 5—74 15+ Total -
Page 238 239
Table 11- Statistics of the administrative work carried out by the Metropolitan Borough Councils in 1956.
Borough DWELLINGS CLEARANCE DWELLING HOUSES SMOKE NUISANCES CLEANSING AND DISINFECTION LICENSED OR REGISTERED PREMISES Restaurants, eating houses and canteens SANITARY OFFICERS Erected by the Borough Council Erected by other persons Total number in the Borough AREAS Inspections Repaired as a result of informal action Defects remedied after service of formal notice Housing Act 1936 Local Govt. {Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1953 Sec. 10 (1) Water supply provided to tenement houses Complaints Observations Intimation notices served Nuisance notices served Adults cleansed Children cleansed Premises disinfected Premises disinfested Establishment Employed at end of year Assistants employed at end of year Unfit Houses Other Houses On complaint On notification of illness House-to-house Other reasons Section 11 Section 12 At home At a cleansing station Licensed slaughterhouses Other offensive trades Dairies and milk shops Ice cream premises Common Lodging Houses Public Health (London) Act Housing Act Housing Repairs and Rent Act, 1954 Demolished Closed by undertaking Rooms closed Undertakings accepted Demolished Persons displaced Demolished Persons displaced Underground rooms Other rooms U nder-ground rooms Other rooms Closing Orders made By owners By local authority By owners By local authority Section 11 Section 12 Number Persons displaced Number Persons displaced Made fit for occupation by number of families accommodated Overcrowding abated Number Persons displaced Number Persons displaced Number Persons displaced Number Persons displaced Number Persons displaced Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total -
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Table 12— Treatment of venereal disease at London clinics
Year New cases Total attendances Syphilis S. Chancre Gonorrhoea Total venereal cases Total non.venereal cases M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. -
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Table 13—Weather during 1956 (as recorded at Kew Observatory) Temperature Rainfall Sunshine Difference from Difference from Difference from Month Mean (a) Average (b) Total Average (b) Total Average (c) °F °F ins. ins. hrs. his. -
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Senior Officers of the Divisions
Division Divisional Medical Officer Divisional Administrative Officer Divisional Nursing Officer -
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Senior Officers of the Divisions—continued
Division Divisional Medical Officer Divisional Administrative Officer Divisional Nursing Officer . -
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The following statement shows the number of staff employed in the Public Health Department in December, 1956 (part-time staff being expressed as whole-time equivalents).
Type of staff Location Staff employed at other establishments (a) Total Head office staff Divisional staff