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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Paddington 1914

Report on the vital statistics and the work of the Public Health Department for the years 1914-18 (inclusive)

Published
1919
Author
Dudfield, Reginald.
Pages
74
Tables
122

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122 tables in this report

  • Page 2
    births. TABLE 1. Illegitimate Births: Percentages. Percentage of Illegitimate to Total Births.
  • Page 2
    Percentages of Births Registered after Notification.
  • Page 2
    Notification of Births. Percentages of Total Notifications received.
  • Page 3
    deaths. TABLE 2. Percentages of Still-births to all Births Notified.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 3
    Still-Births. Percentages of Births Notified.
  • Page 4
    TABLE 3. Deaths: All Causes.
    Age Groups.All Ages.
    0-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-
  • Page 4
    TABLE 4. Deaths : Persons, All Ages.
  • Page 5
    TABLE 5. Paddington.
    Annual Averages.Index Numbers.*
  • Page 6
    TABLE 6. Vaccination Returns.
    Children Born.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible to Vaccination.Died Unvaccinated.Per cent, of Children Born. (Cols. 1-4.)Vaccination Postponed.Exempted • under Act." Rest."Per cent. of Children Born. (Cols. 6—8.)
    Cols.123456789
  • Page 6
    TABLE 7.
    Diphtheria (including Memb. Croup).Scarlet Fever.Enteric Fever (including Cont'd Fever).
    1909-131914-181909-131914-181909-131914-18
  • Page 7
    Scarlet Fever. (Coses—Corrected.)
    1909191019111912191319141915191619171918
  • Page 7
    Diphtheria. (Cases—Uncorrected.)
    1909191019111912191319141915191619171918
  • Page 7
    Diphtheria. (Cases —Corrected.)
    191319141915191619171918
  • Page 8
    Fatality.—The percentages of deaths to cases (corrected for "errors") *during 1914-18 was higher for diphtheria, but lower for the other two diseases (see Table 7), the total fatalities being— Diphtheria. Scarlet Fever. Enteric Fever.
  • Page 8
    Fatality rates per 100 cases treated in Hospital (M.A.B.).
  • Page 8
    "Meningitis" Group.—This general designation is used to cover notifications of—
  • Page 9
    Puerperal Fever and Accidents and Diseases of Parturition.Fatality per 1,000 Births. Quinquennial Averages.
    London.Paddington.Kensington.Westminster.Marylebone.Hampstead.Willesden
  • Page 10
    Tuberculosis: All forms, Persons. Index Numbers (Totals for 1914 = 100).
    1915191619171918
  • Page 10
    TABLE 8. Tuberculosis. On Register at end of 1918 "Survivors." Suspect. ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 19 25 33 21 16 53 143 91 115
    Total Cases reported.19032
    Suspect...................286269274239203157129149159150
    Definite.420185784173343341397778812531582526502451
    1903190419051906190719081909191019111912191319141915191619171918
  • Page 11
    Tuberculosis: All Forms. 1914-18. (Excluding 74 cases not allocated.)
    Ward.Total Cases.Percentage. (Borough = 100)Ward.Total Cases.Percentage. (Borough = 100)
  • Page 11
    Tuberculosis: All New Cases. 1914-18.
    Definite.Suspect.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 11
    Tuberculosis: 1914-18. Borough. (Total for each sex = 100).
  • Page 12
    TABLE 9. Tuberculosis. Sex-Age Distribution of New Cases Reported and Deaths. • 1914-18.
    Ages (years).All Ages.
    0-1-5-10-15-25-35-45-55-65-75—Males.Females.Persons.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 13
    TABLE 10. Tuberculosis : Persons. 1914-18.
    One Site only.Site of Disease.
    Site of Disease.Totals.
    191419151916191719181914-18
  • Page 13
    TABLE 11. Tuberculosis: Persons. Two Sites. 1914-18.
    Primary Site.Secondary Site.
    Head and NeckDigestive System.Generative System.Lymphatic System.Respiratory System.Urinary System.Cutaneous System.Osseous System.
    Meninges.Bowel.Peritoneum.Head and Neck.Axilla.Abdominal.Inguinal." General."Larynx.Pleura.Kidney.Bladder.Head and Neck.Abdomen.Up. Extremity.Low. „| " General."1 Spine.\ Up. Extremity.Low. „1 "Joints."Totals
  • Page 15
    The numbers of persons attending for the first time in each of the five years were—
    Talbot Road.St. Mary's.
  • Page 15
    Adult Males.
  • Page 15
    Adult Females.
  • Page 15
    Children under 16: Persons.
  • Page 16
    1 he percentages examined annually were—
  • Page 16
    Deaths: Tuberculosis.
    (All Forms: Persons.)Index Numbers.
    Annual Averages.
    Category1909-131914181914.18
  • Page 17
    Tuberculosis. Sex-Age Distribution. 1914-18.
    Males.Females.
  • Page 17
    Tuberculosis: Deaths, Persons. Annual Averages.
    Ward.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    1909-13.1914-18.1909-13.1914-18.
  • Page 17
    Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Intervals to fatal issue.
  • Page 18
    TABLE 12. Tuberculosis: Deaths. 1914-18.
    Ward.0-1-5-15-25-65-
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 19
    TABLE 13. Non-Tubercular Deaths among the (notified) Tuberculous. Intervals between Notification and Death.
    Year of Death.Totals.Year of Notfication.
    19081909191019111912191319141915191619171918
  • Page 19
    TABLE 14.
    Certified Cause of Death.Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
    Ages at Death.All Ages.Ages at Death.All Ages.
    0-5-15-25-45-65-M.F.0-5-15-25-45-65-MF.
  • Page 20
    Deaths in Institutions.
    PulmonaryTuberculosis.Non-Pulmonary.
    1909-13.1914-18.1909-13.1914-18.
  • Page 20
    Tuberculosis : Deaths in Institutions. Percentage Distribution. 1914-18.
    Institutions.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
  • Page 21
    cancer. Number of Admissions ro Institutions Recorded for each Patient.
    Dying during12No. of Admissions.56Average duration of stay (months).
    34
  • Page 21
    The growths have been classified in these Reports for several years in seven varieties. Below are shown the numbers ascribed to each of the seven varieties during the last two quinquennial periods. "Cancer ": Persons.
    Totals.Carcinoma.Cancer.Epithelioma.Scirrhus.Sarcoma.Malignant Disease.Other Forms.
  • Page 21
    The changes in sex (all ages) incidence during the ten years is exhibited below. "Cancer."
    Variety.1909-13Totals.1914-18.Index Numbers. 1914-18.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 21
    A comparison of analyses of deaths from all forms of "Cancer" in sex-age groups follows here. "Cancer"
    Ages.1909-13.Totals.1914-18.Index Numbers. 1914-18.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 22
    Z inquests. "Cancer."
    Locale of New GrowthTotals.Index Numbers.
    1909-13.1914-18.1914-18.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.P.
  • Page 22
    Findings of Inquests.
    Totals—Natural Causes.Misadventure.Accidental Causes.Suicide.Murder. Manslaughter.Open."Neglect."
  • Page 23
    The percentages of institutional to all deaths (corrected) and the Index Numbers for the last five years are given below. Percentages of Institutional Deaths to all Deaths (corrected).
    Queen's Park.Harrow Road.Maida Vale.Westbourne.Church.Lancaster West.Gate. East.Hyde Park.
  • Page 24
    The total deaths occurring during 1914-18 at ages under one year are distributed by sex, ages and causes in Table XII., Appendix. From that Table the following summary figures (annual average numbers) have been compiled:-
    Average Annual Numbers of DeathsMales.Females.
    At Ages.1909-131914-181909-131914-18
  • Page 24
    The sex mortality rates per 1,000 births, calculated on the average number of births recorded in each period were—
    At AgesUnder 1 day.Under 1 week.Under 1 month.Under 3 months.3-6 months.6-9 months.9-12 months.
  • Page 24
    From the same Table the following average group mortality rates are obtained :—
    Group.Males.Females.
    1909-131914-181909-131914-18
  • Page 25
    Infantile Mortality.
    Ages at Death.19141915191619171918
    S.A.R.B.S.A.R.B.S.A.R.BS.A.R.B.S.A.R.B.
  • Page 25
    Infantile Mortality.
    Males.Females.
    Legit.Illegit.Legit.Illegit.
  • Page 25
    TABLE 15. Infantile Mortality per 1,000 Births.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 25
    Children Aged 1-5 Years.—By a method of tabulating annually the survivors at ages 1-4 years, the following mean mortalities have been obtained :— Mortality per 1,000: Both Sexes.
    Ages at Death1-22-33-44-5 years.
  • Page 26
    measles. The mean mortality rates for each sex, together with the Index Numbers for 1914-18 are shown below.
    Mortality per 1,000.Females.
    Males.
    Ages (yrs.)1909-131914-18I.N.1909-131914-18I.N.
  • Page 26
    It is of interest to record that the maximum and minimum rates were recorded during the second period at ages—
    Males.Females.
  • Page 27
    Measles.
    Annual Averages.Index Numbers.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 27
    Measles: Annual Averages. Index Numbers, 1914-18. (Averages 1909-13 = 100.)
    0-1-23-4-5-13-15-
  • Page 27
    To obviate any misconception of the Numbers for the two highest groups, the observed figures are given.
    Total Cases.Annual Averages.
    1909-131914-181909-131914-18
    13-15-13-15-13-15-13-15-
  • Page 27
    Measles: Annual Averages, Persons. Index Numbers, 1914-18. (Averages, 1909-13=100.)
    Queen's Park.Harrow Road.Maida Vale.Westbourne.Church.Lancaster West.Gate, East.Hyde Park.
  • Page 28
    Measles: Average Fatalities. Index Numbers, 1914-18. (Averages, 1909-13 = 100.)
    0-1-2-3-4-5-13-15-
  • Page 28
    Measles: Average Fatalities. Persons.
    Queen's Park.Harrow Road.Maida Vale.Westbourne.Church.Lancaster West.Gate, East.Hyde Park.
  • Page 28
    Index Numbers for 1914-18. Averages, 1909-13=100.
    Age Groups0-1-2-3-4-5-13-15-
  • Page 29
    Index Numbers for 1914-18. Fatalities, 1909-13=100.
    0-1-2-3-4-5-13-15-
  • Page 29
    Index Numbers for 1914-18.
    Queen's Park.Harrow Road.Maida Vale.Westbourne.Church.Lancaster West.Gate, East.Hyde Park.
  • Page 31
    TABLE 15.
    Places Provided.Ratios per 1000.
    Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Measles.Chickenpox.Whooping Cough.
    P.A.P.N.A.P.A.P.N.A.P.A.P.N.A.P.A.P.N.A.P.A.P.N.A.
  • Page 32
    TABLE 10.
    Places Provided.Ratios per 1000.
    '' Sore Throat."Ringworm.Scabies.Other Complaints.Vermin.
  • Page 32
    TABLE 17. Internotification.
    Disease.Kensington.Willesden.Hampstead.Marylebone.
    19141915191619171918191419151916191719181914191519161917191819141915191619171918
  • Page 33
    House Drainage.—The figures relating to drainage works are contained in Table XIII. Tn the subjoined statement the totals for each of the five years are given—such figures including all works whether voluntary or compulsory.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 37
    III.—HOUSING. Housing Acts.—During the five years 17 Closing Orders were made, 15 of which were determined before the end of 1918. See below.
    Address of Premises.Closing Order.
    made.determined.
  • Page 38
    Premising that the fabrics of the houses are steadily ageing and that no improvement can be observed in the care given to the buildings and their fittings by the tenants and landlords, the following comparisons between the totals for the two quinquennial periods unmistakably indicate the pressing demand which existed at the end of 1918 for increased supervision of this class of property :—
    "Major" defects."Minor" defects.
    1909-13.1914-18.1909-13.1914-18.
  • Page 38
    TABLE It. Tenement Houses. Overcrowding: 1914-18.
    19141915191619171918Total.
  • Page 39
    Notices Issued.—The following is a summary of the Notices issued with respect to this class of house during the five years. Shortage of paper made it necessary to include in one notice—the written intimation, usually—defects remedial under the Bve-laws for which separate notices are legally required.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 39
    During 1914-18 the Inspector (Mr. Grivell) was present on 1,561 occasions when animals were being slaughtered, as compared with 2,290 during 1909-13. The animals killed numbered 14,479, or nearly 35 per cent. fewer than the total for 1909-13. The numbers of animals slaughtered in each five vears were—
    1909-13.1914-18.
  • Page 39
    The annual figures for 1914-18 are shown below—
    Animals slaughtered—19141915191619171918
  • Page 39
    Food Vendors.—The vendors of food trading in the Borough at the end of 1913 numbered 482, which total fell to 389—a reduction of a little over 19 per cejit. The tabular statement below shows the trades most affected.
    Trade.19131918Change per cent.
  • Page 40
    TABLE 19. Slaughterhouses. Organs Destroyed 1914-18.
    19141915191619171918
    Abscess.T uberculosis.Parasitic.Actinomycosis.Abscess.T uberculosis.Parasitic#Actinomycosis.Abscess.Tuberculosis.Parasitic.Actinomycosis.Abscess.T uberculosis.Parasitic.Actinomycosis.Abscess.T uberculosis.Parasitic.Actinomycosis.
  • Page 40
    Milk Trade.—As already mentioned the number of dairies and milkshops on the Register decreased during the war from 123 (at the end of 1913) to 99 (at the end of 1918). The changes in the class of premises at which milk is sold are indicated in the following statement :—
    19131918
  • Page 41
    TABLE 20.
    19141915191619171918
    (1)(2)(1)(2)(1)(2)(1)(2)(1)(2)
  • Page 41
    TABLE 21. Ice-cream Making: 1914-18. Makers and Vendors of Ice Cream on Register.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 42
    Comparing the figures for 1914-18 with those for 1909-13, it appears that the annua averages were—
    Averages (lb.)
    1909-13.1914-18.
  • Page 42
    TABLE 22. Foodstuffs Destroyed. (Weight in lbs.)
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 42
    Percentages of Adulteration.
  • Page 42
    Milk Adulteration.
    Total Samples.Adulterated.Total Samples.Adulterated.
    Number.Percentage.Number.Percentage.
  • Page 43
    Station Samples.
    Total taken.Adulterated.TotalAdulterated.
    Number.Percentage.taken.Number.Percentage.
  • Page 43
    Preservatives in Foods.
  • Page 44
    TABLE 23. Office (Clerical) Work. 1914-1918.
    19141915191619171918T otals.
  • Page 44
    All Cases.
    Fines.Costs.
  • Page 44
    Fines and Costs.
    " Health " Cases." Food " Cases.
  • Page 44
    Fines.
  • Page 44
    Costs.
  • Page 45
    APPENDIX. TABLE I.
    Year.Estimated Population.Births.Registered Locally.Deaths at All Ages.Deaths under One Year.
    Registered Locally.TransfersNett.Gross Mortality.TransfersNett.Registered.Nett.
    Out.In.Totals,Rates.Out.In.TotalsMortality.NumberMortality.TotalsMortality.
  • Page 46
    TABLE II. Births and Deaths. Annual Numbers: Averages.
    Wards.
    BoroughQueen's Park.Harrow Road.Maida Vale.Westbourne.Church.Lancaster West.Gate, East.Hyde Park.
  • Page 47
    TABLE III. Sickness : Cases Reported. Borough.
  • Page 48
    TABLE IV. ( Notifications Sickness : Removals 1 Deaths.
    Diphtheria.Scarlet Fever.Enteric Fever.
    191419151916191719181914191519161917191819141915191619171918
  • Page 49
    Deaths of Residents of the Borough, 1914. Sex-Age Distribution for Whole Borough.
    Causes of Death.All Ages.Deaths at Ages.In Public Institutions.
    0—1—2—5—15-25—45—65—
  • Page 50
    TABLE V. B. Deaths of Residents of the Borough, 1915. Sex-Age Distribution for Whole Borough.
    Causes of Death.All Ages.Deaths at Ages.In Public Institutions.
    0—1—2—5—15—25—45—65—
  • Page 51
    TABLE V. C. Deaths of Residents of the Borough, 1916. Sex-Age Distribution for Whole Borough.
    Causes of Death.All Ages.Deaths at Ages.In Public Institutions.
    0-1—2-5—15—25-45—65—
  • Page 52
    TABLE V. D. Deaths of Residents of the Borough, 1917. Sex-Age Distribution for Whole Borough.
    Causes of DeathAll Ages.Deaths at Ages.In Public Institutions.
    0—1—2—5—15—25—45—65—
  • Page 53
    TABLE V. E. Deaths of Residents of the Borough, 1918. Sex-Age Distribution for Whole Borough.
    Causes of Death.All Ages.Deaths at Ages.In Public Institutions.
    0—1—2—5—15—25—45—65—
  • Page 54
    Sex and Occupational Distribution. Totals 1914-1918.
    Pulmonary.Other Forms.
    New Cases.Deaths.New Cases.Deaths.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 55
    TABLE VII. . Cancer : Malignant Disease. 1914-18. Borough.
    Site of Disease.Carcinoma.Cancer.Epithelioma.Scirrhus.Sarcoma.Malignant Disease.Other Forms.All Forms.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 56
    TABLE VIII. Records of Inquests held.
    Finding.0-1-5-15-25-45-65-75-
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 56
    TABLE IX. Deaths in Institutions. Persons: All ages.
    Year.Local Institutions. (Uncorrected.)Outlying Institutions.Corrected Totals.Equal to per cent of Corrected Deaths.
    Totals.Workhouse.Infirmary.St. Mary's Hospital.Children's Hospital.Lock Hospital.Home of Compassion.Women's Hospital for Children.Totals.M.A.B. Hospitals.General Hospitals.Special Hospitals and Homes.Lunatic Asylums.Poor Law Institutions.
  • Page 57
    TABLE X. Deaths in Locai. Public Institutions. Persons : All Ages. 1914-18.
    Causes of Death.Work house.Infirmary.Lock Hosp.Child ren's Hosp.St Mary's Hosp.Women's Hosp. for Children.Nursing Homes.
  • Page 58
    TABLE XI. Deaths of Residents outside the Borough. Persons: All Ages. 1914-18.
    Causes of Death.Hospitals of Metropolitan Asylums Board.General Hospitals.Special Hospitals and Homes.Lunatic Asylums.Poor Law Institutions.Elsewhere.
  • Page 59
    table xii. Deaths under One Year 1914-18.
    Group.Causes of Death.Days.Weeks.Months.Annual Averages.
    Males.Females.
    0—0—1—2—3—0—1—2—3—4—5—6—7—8—9—10—11—1909-131914-181909-131914-18
    m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.fm.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.m.f.
  • Page 60
    TABLE XIII. Report of the Work of the District Inspectors, 1914-1918.
    YEARS.No. of Complaints received.Inspection of Dwelling Houses.Sanitary Works completed in Dwelling Houses.To Regulate Keeping of Animals.
    Drainage, &c.Water Supply.Dust ReceptaclesMiscellaneous.
    " House-to-House "On Complaint or after IllnessCellar Dwellings.Re-Inspection of all kinds.Entire Reconstruction.Drains Relaid, Trapped, or Ventilated.Drains Repaired and made Sound.Waste Pipes Disconnected.New Waste Pipes Provided.Rain-water Pipes Disconnected.W.C.'s, New, Provided, Repaired, &c.Soil Pipes, New, Provided.Soil Pipes Repaired.Soil Pipes Ventilated.Services Separated.Supplies Reinstated.Cisterns, New, Provided.Cisterns, Cleansed, Repaired, &c.New Provided.Repaired, &c.Drains Cleared, Flushed, &c.Houses or Rooms Cleansed, Whitewashed, &c.Cases of Overcrowding Abated.Cellar Dwellings Closed.Yards and Areas Paved and Drained.Roofs Repaired.Manure Receptacles Reconstructed. &cAccumulations Removed.Improperly-kept Removed.
  • Page 61
    TABLE XIV. Prevention of Infectious Disease.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 61
    Sanitary Work.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 62
    TABLE XV. Sanitary Defects Remedied in Tenement Houses.
  • Page 63
    TABLE XVI. Samples Taken under Sale of Food and Drugs Acts.
    19141915191619171918
    Total.Found Adulterated.Percentage ! Adulterated.Total.Found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated.Total.Found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated.Total.Found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated.Total.Found Adulterated.Percentage Adulterated
  • Page 64
    TABLE XVII. Summary of Summonses. 1914-18. Health Cases.
    Summonses under19141915191619171918
  • Page 64
    Food Cases.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 64
    Analysis of Summonses Taken Out.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 64
    Analysis of Summonses Dismissed.
    19141915191619171918
  • Page 65
    TABLE XVIII. A. 1914.
    Premises.On Register at end of 1914.No. of Inspections.No. of Prosecutions.
  • Page 65
    1915.
    Premises.On Register at end of 1915.No. of Inspections.No. of Prosecutions.
  • Page 65
    1916.
    Premises.On Registe. at end of 1916No. of Inspections.No. of Prosecutions.
  • Page 65
    1917.
    Premises.On Register at end of 1917.No. of Inspections.No. of Prosecutions.
  • Page 65
    1918.
    Premises.On Register at end of 1918.No. of Inspections.No. of Prosecutions.
  • Page 66
    TABLE XVIII. B.
    19141915191619171918Total.
  • Page 67
    TABLE XIX. Military Cases. Notifications and Deaths Recorded Locally.* 1914-18.
    19141915191619171918