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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1912

Report of the Medical Officer of Health for the City of London for the year 1912

Published
1913
Author
Collingridge, William.
Pages
120
Tables
98

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98 tables in this report

  • Page 9
    POPULATION. The undermentioned figures are abstracted from the report of the Registrar-General on the Census of England and Wales, 1911 (County of London).
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Houses.Population.
    1901.1911.1901.1911.
  • Page 10
    CENSUS RETURNS.
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census.* Day Population.
  • Page 11
    • Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
  • Page 11
    Death Rates, pee 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.95 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 13
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1912, compared with the previous five years:—
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 14
    City of London. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1912. Deaths from stated Causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Month?.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under One Year.
  • Page 15
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
  • Page 15
    City of London compared with the Metropolis, previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Rate.Death Bate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent, of Deaths Registered.Deathsfromprincipal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Popu-lation(Cor-poration Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 16
    Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1912 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
  • Page 17
    Causes of, and Ages at, Death during Year 1912.
    Deaths in or belonging to whole District at subjoined ages.Deaths in or belonging to localities (at all Ages).Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the district.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 6.6 and under 16.16 and under 25.25 and under 65.66 and wards.St. Botolph.St. Sepulchre.*
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
  • Page 18
    NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. In the following Tables will be found particulars of infectious disease notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:—
    NATURE OP DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis incorrect.
  • Page 18
    The following is a Return of infectious diseases notified, exclusive of Chicken-pox, in the City of London, with the percentages of such cases removed for treatment to hospitals or nursed at home during 1912, compared with the figures for the previous five years:—
    Year.Number of cases reported.Per cent. of cases reported.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
  • Page 19
    CITY OF LONDON.
    Disease.Cases notified in Whole District.Total Cases notified in each Locality.No. of Cases removed to Hospital from each Locality.Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.St. Botolph.St .Sepulchre.St. Botolph.St .Sepulchre.
    Under 1.1 to 6.5 to 15.15 to 25.26 to 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 27
    These were submitted to Dr. Andrewes for bacteriological examination, who reported thereon as follows:—
    No of Sample.Dirt.Date of Inoculation of Guineapig. 1912.Date of Death. 1912.Results.
  • Page 29
    For the purposes of comparison I print below the following summary of results obtained in the several series taken during the years 1904-1912.
    1904.1905.1906.1907-8.1909.*1910.*1911.1912.
    1st Series2nd Series
    %%%%%%%%%
  • Page 29
    Concurrently with the bacteriological examination of these samples duplicates were taken and submitted for chemical analysis to the Public Analyst, who reported thereon as follows:—
    Sample received.No. o sample.Fat.Solids (not fat).Water.l'otal Solids.Nature and amount of adulteration.Remarks.
  • Page 30
    Continued from previous page...
    Samples received.No. of sample.Fat.Solids (not fat).Water.Total Solids.Nature and amount of adulteration.Remarks.
  • Page 31
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 28 Years—1885-1912.
    YEAR.Woking.1Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hnll.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.Ilford.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year
  • Page 32
    Table of Births and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings, Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1912.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined Ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.
  • Page 33
    The birth rate in these Dwellings reached a maximum of 46.9 per 1,000 in 1896, and has since been falling, as shown by the following figures:— Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 33
    Record of Attendances at the Baths, Artizans' Dwellings. (The corresponding figures for 1911 are in italics.)
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 34
    Number or Articles disinfected, Bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1912, compared with the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &c., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 35
    The amounts spent during the past 12 months under the several headings were:—
    £s.d.
  • Page 35
    SANITARY INSPECTIONS. The following is a Statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year:— WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 36
    MIDDLE DISTRICT. (Inspector E. J. Simmons.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 36
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 37
    The foregoing are summarised as under:—
    District.Number of inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 37
    Registered Lodging-houses.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 38
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five Rooms or more.
  • Page 38
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.
  • Page 39
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Boom.Two Booms.Three Booms.Four Booms.Five, or more Rooms.
  • Page 49
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows:—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 50
    The number of workers employed was as follows :—
    Men.Women.
  • Page 50
    The following is a summary of inspections of separate Workrooms, &c., since the passing of the Act:—
    Factories.Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 51
    *Details of Factory Inspections, 1912.
  • Page 51
    *Details of Workshop Inspections, 1912.
  • Page 52
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 53
    Other premises besides kitchens were inspected, including those occupied by provision merchants, grocers, fried fish vendors, fruiterers and greengrocers, &c. *Details of Workplace Inspections, &c., 1912.
  • Page 53
    The following is a list of bakehouses registered in the City:— Aboveground Bakehouses.
  • Page 54
    SUMMARY.
  • Page 54
    The following figures show the steady increase of numbers:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 55
    1—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 55
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 56 57
    3. HOME WORK.
    NATURE OF WORK. *OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keepin g or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Lists.†Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Outworkers.†Lists.Outworkers.
    Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 56 57
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS. 5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year.Number.ClassNumber.
    (1)(2)(1)(2)
  • Page 58
    FACTORIES. The number of factories inspected during the year was as follows:—
  • Page 58
    WORKPLACES. The inspection of the kitchens of restaurants, tea-shops, &c., has been continued ; attention is mainly directed to securing proper means of carrying off fumes from gas stoves and providing adequate ventilation.
  • Page 60
    DOMESTIC WORKSHOPS, 1912.
    Premises.Trade.No. of Workers.Remarks.
    M.F.Total.
  • Page 61
    Source.1912.1911.Ratio per cent,
  • Page 61
    Every year shows an increase in the quantities of frozen and chilled meat imported into this country, and a decrease in the number of animals imported for slaughter at the ports of landing. The following figures are interesting:— Live Stock Imports.
    Year.Cattle.Sheep and Lambs.
  • Page 62
    Table showing the Ports in the United Kingdom at which the importations from Australia, New Zealand and South America were discharged during 1912.
    Port of Discharge.Australia.New Zealand.South America.
    Mutton Carcases.Lamb Carcases.Beef Quarters.Mutton Carcases.Lamb Carcases.Beef Quarters.Mutton Carcases.Lamb Carcases.Beef.
    Frozen Quarters.Chilled Quarters.
  • Page 63
    Beef.Mutton and Lamb,Total,Per cent. of total Importation.Per cent. of total Consumption.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 64
    The following table shows the amount of meat exported from Smithfield, accompanied by Certificates from the Medical Officer of Health or the Veterinary Inspector :—
    Exported toFore-quarters of Beef.Hind-quarters of Beef.Flanks of Beef.Briskets of Beef.Pieces of Beef.Carcases of Mutton.Pieces of Mutton.Sides of Pork.Pieces of Pork.Bags of Suet.Ox Tongues.
  • Page 66
    Result of Examination—Seizures.
  • Page 68
    COLD STORES. The Cold Stores have been regularly visited, and the following table shows in detail the quantity of unsound food seized and destroyed, which is a considerable reduction when compared with 1911. This is accounted for by the seizure in the former year of large quantities of meat which had become unfit for food due to the Railway Strike.
    Article.Quantity.How packed.Origin.Cause for destruction 'Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 69
    Unsound Food Destroyed.
  • Page 70
    Number of Animals Killed at Aldgate.
  • Page 70
    Aldgate Slaughterhouses. Table I.
    Causes for Destruction.Beef.Veal.Mutton.Pork.
    Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.Carcases.Quarters.Pieces.
  • Page 71
    Organs Destroyed at Aldgate Slaughterhouses. Table No. 2.
    Cause for Destruction.Ex Oxen.Ex Sheep.Ex Calves.Ex Pigs
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries and Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries | and Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.longues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries and Intestines.Kidneys.Head.
  • Page 71
    Summary of Unsound Food Destroyed.
    Tons.cwt.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 72
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 39 years:—
    Quinquennium .Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Bad Meat
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwtsqrs.
  • Page 72
    The sources of origin of the Central Market Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent. of total annual deliveries.
    British.*Foreign Killed.American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.†
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 72
    Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1908.1909.1910.1911.1912.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 73
    UNSOUND MEAT, 1912. The meat, &c., seized by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1912.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
  • Page 73
    The percentages of meat seized under a summary of the various headings of the above Table and for the preceding five years, were as follows:—
    Year.Diseased.Unsound.*Unwholesome.
    Per Cent.Per Cent.Per Cent.
  • Page 74
    CENTRAL MARKETS, SMITHFIELD. Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1911 and 1912.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1911.Meat delivered to Contractors, 1911.Meat delivered at the Market, 1912.Meat delivered to Contractors, 1912.
    TonsCWtS.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 74
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1912.
    Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
  • Page 77
    MONTHLY FISH RETURNS, 1912. Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seised as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1912.†
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwt.qrs.Per cent.
  • Page 77
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1912.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 78
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1912 and the five tears 1907-1911.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 78
    The material so disposed of comprised :—
    Tons.Cwts.Qrs.
  • Page 79
    The places of sales may be classified as under: —
    Number.Plate of Manufacture.
    In the City.In other Districts.
  • Page 87
    The accompanying Table has been partly compiled from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board, to which are added some figures for the City of London, and London as a whole:—
    Year.Total Number of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total Number Examined in City of London.Number of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.City of London.London.
  • Page 88
    MILK. The slight increase in milk adulteration during 1912 (as compared with 1911) is shown by the following Table:—
    Year.No. of Samples Examined.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 89
    The following Table shows the relation between place of purchase and adulteration:—
    Where Purchased.No. of Samples taken.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Samples Adulterated.
  • Page 89
    The figures for 1912 and ten previous years are given hereunder:—
    Year.No. of samples taken.No. of samples found Genuine.No. of Samples found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 90
    The following Table shows the figures of adulteration of butter samples when bread and butter has been demanded:—
    Date.Samples taken.Cases of Substitution.Percentage Substituted Samples.
  • Page 91
    The following Table includes particulars of drug adulteration in the City during the past ten years:—
    Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 93
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907. 1912. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 93
    SUMMARY.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 94 95
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1912.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1912.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 99
    Appendix A. CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY. 1913. STREET LISTS. Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 100
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OB PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 101
    Appendix B. LIST OF INFECTIOUS CASES, 1912. STREET LISTS. Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 102
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 103
    Appendix C. REGISTER OF HOUSES Let in lodgings or occupied by members of more than one family. WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 104
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 105
    WEST DISTRICT.
  • Page 105
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 105
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 106
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 107
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 108
    Appendix D. List of Persons registered under the Dairies, Cowsheds and Milkshops Order. 1st January, 1913.
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 109
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 110
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 111
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 112
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 113
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.