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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1909

Annual report of Medical Officer of Health for 1909

Published
1910
Author
Collingridge, William.
Pages
182
Tables
106

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106 tables in this report

  • Page 13
    The undermentioned figures are abstracted from the Registrar-General's Report, dated 30th December, 1901, on the Census of England and "Wales, 1901 (County of London).
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Houses.Population.
    1891.1901.1891.1901.
  • Page 13
    CENSUS RETURNS.
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 14
    This consists of two sub-districts, together containing a population of at the middle of 1909, calculated on the last Census Returns:—
  • Page 15
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
  • Page 15
    The death rate for 1909 was 16.0 per 1,000 per annum of the population (the previous year being 12.6), whilst that for the whole of the Metropolis was 14.0. Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City of London.76 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 16
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1907, compared with the previous five years:—
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 17
    (This Table is prepared in accordance with the requisitions of the Local Government Board.) City of London. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1909. Deaths from stated Causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.Total Deaths under One Year.
  • Page 18
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 18
    VITAL STATISTICS, 1909. City of London compared with the Metropolis, previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Bate.Death Bate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent, of Deaths Registered.Deathsfromprincipal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Population (Corporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.CityMetropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 19
    (This Table is prepared in accordance with the requisitions of the Local Government Board.) Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1909 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Nonresidents registered in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Residents registered in Public Institutions beyond the District.Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District.
    NumberRate.Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate per 1,000 Births registered.Number.Rate.*Number.Rate.
    12345678910111213
  • Page 20
    (This Table is prepared in accordance with the requisitions of the Local Government Board.) Causes of, and Ages at, Death during Year 1909.
    Deaths in or belonging to whole District at subjoined ages.Deaths in or belonging to Localities (at all a.ges).Total Deaths in Public Institutions in tub district.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 6.5 and under 16.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and wards.St. Botolph.St. Sepulchre.*
  • Page 22
    In the following Tables will be found particulars of infectious disease notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:—
    NATURE OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to tbe Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis incorrect.
  • Page 23
    The following is a Return of infectious disease notified, exclusive of Chicken-pox and Phthisis, occurring in the City of London, with the percentages of such cases removed for treatment to hospitals or nursed at home during 1909, compared with the figures for the previous five years:—
    Year.Number of cases reported.Per cent. of cases reported.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
  • Page 23
    During the year the following 11 specimens were so dealt with. It will be seen that positive results were obtained in 54 per cent. of these cases:—
    Specimen.• Disease suspected.Result—
    Positive.Negative.
  • Page 24
    Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the Year 1909. CITY OF LONDON.
    Disease.Casks notified in Whole District.Total Casks notified in each Locality.No. ok Cases removed to Hospital from each localitt.Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Tears.St. Botolph.St.Sepulchre.St. Botolph.St .Sepulchre.
    Under 1.1 to 5.6 to 15.15 to 25.26 to 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 30
    In 1906 the principal railway companies adopted a bye-law making spitting on platforms, booking offices, &c., or in railway carriages a punitive offence.
    Name of Railway Company.Date when the bye-law was approved by the Board of Trade.
  • Page 32
    In 1909, 32 samples were bacteriologically examined with the following result:—
    Character of Milk.No. of Samples.Percentage.
  • Page 32
    The results of the examination of the several series for the five years 1904-9 were as under:—
    Character of Milk.1904. per cent.1905. per cent.1906. per cent.1907-8. per cent.1909. per cent.
  • Page 33
    These represented the milk supply from the following counties:—
  • Page 33
    Dr. Klein summarised the results of his examination of these samples as under:—
  • Page 47
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 25 Years—1885-1909.
    YEAR.Woking.Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.Ilford.Sheffield.Bradford.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 48
    Table of Births and Deaths occurring at the Artizans' Dwellings, Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, during the year 1908.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 55 and under 1615 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.
  • Page 49
    The birth rate in these Dwellings reached a maximum of 46.9 per 1,000 in 1896, and has since been falling, as shown by the following figures:— Birth Rate, Artizans' Dwellings.
  • Page 49
    Record of Attendances at the Baths, Artizans' Dwellings. (The corresponding figures for 1908 are in italics.)
    Month.Sbx.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 50
    Number of Articles disinfected, Bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1909, compared with! the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &c., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 50
    Dr. F. J. Waldo, J. P., Coroner for London and Southwark, has kindly furnished me with the following list of places in the City which were the subject of Fire Inquests held by him during 1909:—
    1909. Inquest held onName of Premises.Date of Fire.
  • Page 51
    The amounts spent during the past twelve months under these several headings were:—
    £s.d.
  • Page 54
    SANITARY INSPECTIONS. The following is a Statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year:— WEST DISTRICT. (Inspector F. J. Robbins.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 55
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector W. H. Ralph.)
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 56
    Particulars relating to the registered Lodging-houses in the City now on the Register are given in the accompanying table:— Registered Lodging-houses.
    District.No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 57
    Registered Lodging-Houses (1899).
    District.No of Houses on Register.No of Lodgers.No of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Cleaning Notices Served.
  • Page 57
    west district.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five Rooms or more
  • Page 58
    middle district.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Boom.Two Booms.Three Booms.Four Booms.Five, or more Booms.
  • Page 58
    east district.
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Boom.Two Booms.Three Booms.Four Rooms.Five, or more Rooms.
  • Page 62
    The following are the cases referred to:—
    Premises.
  • Page 71
    The number of Factories, Workshops, and Workplaces at present registered is as follows:—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 72
    The number of workers employed was as follows:—
    Men.Women.
  • Page 72
    The following is a summary of inspections of separate Workrooms, &c., made annually since the passing of the Act:—
    Factories.
  • Page 73
    * Details of Factory Inspections, 1909.
  • Page 73
    Defects remedied-
  • Page 74
    * Details of Workshop Inspections, 1909.
  • Page 75
    Defects remedied.
  • Page 76
    * Details of Workplace Inspections, &c., 1909.
  • Page 78
    A comparison of the number of such notifications received in past years with the year under review shows as follows:—
  • Page 78
    The following figures will illustrate what has occurred:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 79
    1.—INSPECTION OF FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises.Number of
    (1)Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 79
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 80 81
    HOME WORK
    NATURE OF WORK. *OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.Inspections of Outworkers' premises.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109,110.
    Lists received from Employers.Addresses of Outworkers.§Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Twice in the year.Once in the year.
    Received from other Councils.Forwarded to other Councils.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists, fOutworkers, †Lists.Outworkers.+
    Contractors.WorkmenContractors.Workmen.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(6)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)
  • Page 80 81
    4.—REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year.Number.
  • Page 80 81
    5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    ClassNumber.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 82
    The number of inspections made during the year is as follows:—
  • Page 84
    The following Table shows the number of premises in the City where work is carried on by "outworkers," and a List ot Domestic Workshops is also appended:—
    Factories.Workshops.Domestic Workshops.Occasional.Total.Number of Workers.
    Men.Women.Total.
    WEARING APPAREL.
    (1) Making.
    Tailors—91205115420347767
    Furriers—232—25119294413
    Costumes, &c.1222—2553289342
    Mantles—161—1723135158
    Ties—113—149104113
    Embroidery—10——102674100
    Caps15——634111145
    Shirts and Collars—41—513940
    Blouses211—4—107107
    Boots and Shoes—1—12617
    Children's Clothing—1—23—1010
    Millinery—1113—124124
    Belts—4——471219
    Feather dressing—2—1323638
    Gloves—3——3—3131
    Dressmakers' Sundries—1-12—11
    Frilling11-—2—2727
    FURNITURE AND UPHOLSTERY11_—2—3737
    UMBRELLAS, &c.1211-2343177220
    PAPER BAGS AND BOXES—1-12-33
    DOLL DRESSING——1—1—11
    LEATHER WORK—1—1217374
    FRAMES—1——1—22
    ENGRAVING—1——12—2
    ELECTRO-PLATING—2——2325
    722533132777492,0372,786
  • Page 85
    DOMESTIC WORKSHOPS, 1909.
    Premises.Trade.Number of Workers.Remarks.
    M.K.Total.
  • Page 96
    These places may be classified as under:—
    Number.In the City. In other districts.
  • Page 105
    The result of this inspection was as under:—
  • Page 110
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 35 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Bad Meat.
  • Page 110
    The sources of origin of the Central Market Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent. of total annual deliveries.
    British.†Foreign Killed.Amebican.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.
  • Page 110
    Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1906.1907.1908.1909.
    Average daily delivery into the MarketsTons. 1,375Tons. 1,358Tons. 1,335Tons. 1,368
    Minimum delivery on any one day186204192229
    Maximum delivery on any one day2,6072,5943,2353,918
    The heaviest weight previously recorded on any one day (21st December, 1896) was4,159 tons.
  • Page 111
    UNSOUND MEAT, 1909. The meat, &c., seized by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1908.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
  • Page 111
    The percentages of meat seized under a summary of the various headings of the above Table and for the preceding five years, were as follows:—
    Tear.Diseased.Unsound.*Unwholesome.
  • Page 111
    Of the 112 tons of diseased meat seized during the year, 56 tons, or 50 per cent., was found to be tuberculous, the percentage during the preceding three years 1906, 1907 and 1908 being 29, 56, and 54 respectively. The following are the details of these seizures in 1909:—
    1,182 pigsweighinglbs. 117,795
  • Page 112
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat seized as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1908 and 1909.
    Month .Meat delivered at the Market, 1908.Meat seized by the Inspectors, 1908.Meat delivered at the Market, 1909.Meat seized by the Inspectors, 1909.
  • Page 112
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1909.
    Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
  • Page 113
    Of the above, 196,321 tons were consigned to Billingsgate Market, the remainder, viz., 51,754 being delivered at the salesmen's shops in the neighbourhood of the Market.
    Tear.Fish Delivered at Billingsgate Market.Fish Delivered in the neighbourhood of Billingsgate Market.Total Deliveries.
  • Page 113
    MONTHLY FISH RETURNS, 1909. Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1909.†
    month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 114
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1909.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 114
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1909 and the five tears 1904-1908.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 115
    The material so disposed of comprised:—
    • TonsCwts.Qrs.
  • Page 116
    Table I. The figures for the last nine years are here given:—
    Year.No. of Samples taken.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 116
    Table II. For the purpose of comparison the following Table is given showing the percentage of adulteration in England and Wales since 1877. These figures are abstracted from the Annual Reports of the Local Government Board:—
  • Page 117
    The accompanying Table has been partly compiled from the Annua Reports of the Local Government Board, to which are added some figures for the City of London, and London as a whole:—
    Year.Total Number of Samples Examined in England and Wales.Number Examined in the City of London.Percentage of Total Number Examined in City of London.Number of Persons to each Sample examined.
    England and Wales.•City of London.London.
  • Page 118
    MILK. It is satisfactory to note a further decrease in milk adulteration during 1909, as shown by the following Table:—
    Year.No. of Samples Examined.Found Genuine.Found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 118
    The following Table shows the relation between place of purchase and adulteration:—
    Where Purchased.No. of Samples taken.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Samples Adulterated.
  • Page 123
    In each instance the attention of the firms concerned was called to the above facts.
    No. of Sample.Date of Purchase.By whom the Cream was prepared.Copy of Labels on Sample.Fat Content.Nature and Amount of Preservative, if any.
  • Page 124
    Continued from previous page...
    No. of Sample.Date of Purchase.By whom the Cream was prepared.Copy of Labels on Sample.Fat Content.Nature and Amount of Preservative, if any
  • Page 125
    The examination of the sample gives the following results: —
  • Page 127
    The figures for 1909 and eight previous years are given hereunder:—
    Year.No. of samples taken.No. of samples found Genuine.No. of Samples found Adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 127
    For the last seven years special attention has been paid to the character of the butter sold at coffee-houses, when served upon slices of "bread and butter" and, as will be seen from the following table, the fraud of substituting margarine for butter has been almost stamped out:—
    Date.Samples taken.Cases of Substitution.Percentage Substituted Samples.
  • Page 128
    The amount of Coffee adulteration found in the City during the last nine years is here given.
    Year.Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of Adulterated Samples.
  • Page 128
    The accompanying Table shows the amount of mustard adulteration discovered during the last nine years.
    Year.Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 129
    The following Table includes particulars of drug adulteration in the City during the past nine years:—
    Samples taken.Found genuine.Found adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 136 137
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1909.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total lor 1909.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 138
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907. 1909. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 139
    SUMMARY.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 143
    Appendix A. CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY. 1909. STREET LISTS, Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Denth.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 144
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 145
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 145
    ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS—STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 146
    Appendix B. LIST OF INFECTIOUS CASES, 1909. STREET LISTS. Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 147
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 148
    Appendix C. REGISTER OF HOUSES Let in lodgings or occupied by members of more than one family. WEST DISTRICT
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 149
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 150
    WEST DISTRICT— continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 151
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 151
    WEST DISTRICT.
  • Page 152
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 153
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 154
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 155
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 155
    EAST DISTRICT.
  • Page 156
    Appendix D. List of Persons registered under the Dairies, Cowsheds and Milkshops Order. 1st January, 1910.
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 157
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 158
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 159
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 160
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 161
    Continued from previous page...
    Premises.Person Registered.Premises.Person Registered.