London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972
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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
Croydon 1909
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Croydon]
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TABULATED REPORTS OF FARMS, DAIRIES, AND MILKSHOPS IN 1909.
| THE HOUSE. | The dairy | the cowsheds. | water supply. | milk. | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Farm. | General Sanitary Condition. | Health of Residents and Employees. | Structural Condition (including Lighting and Ventila ion). | Sanitary Condition and General Cleanliness. | For what other purpos used. | Structural Condition and Drainage. | Window Space to Floor Space. | Ventilation. | General Cleanliness and Manure Heaps. | How Cattle are Stalled, and Number of Stalls. | Number of Cattle. | j Cubic Space per Head. | What Precautions taken to prevent Fouling of Milk, | Health and Condition (inc'uding recent Deaths and cause) | For Household and Dairy Purposes. | For Cattle. | Destination of Milk. | GENERAL REMARK*. |
| C 1 | Good | Good. | Wood and lath and plaster structure; ingood order; lighted by windows;louvreventilation in roof. | Good; no drain inside. | None. | No. 1. Shed. Old Wood, lean to, structure; tile roof, in good repair; brick floor; channelling leads to a drain in the yard. | 1ft. to 87ft. | Wood flaps under eaves and spaces between the tiles. | Kept fairly clean having regard to the nature of the structure; very iittle manure kept near the cowsheds. | 5 double stalls; iron feeding troughs about 5ft. from wall; cattle are fed from this passage thus formed. | 10 | 780 cu. ft. per animal. | Water is provided for milkers to wash their hands; milk deposited in the dairy. | The cattle are in good condition; no recen-deaths . | Water is laid on tc the manager's cot tage from the Wate Board's main. | Tap in cowshec supplied from the r main. | Croydon. | The provision of channelling and drainage and another site for manure heap far re moved from the cowsheds was carried out during the past year. |
| do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | No. 2 Shed. Ditto. | lft. to 670ft. | do | do. | 10 double stalls, 1 single stall. | 13 | 1,382 cu. ft. per animal. | uo. | do | do. | do. | do. | ||
| do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | No. 3 Shed. Old Wood, span roof structure; tile roof; brick floor, channelled and drained, and in good repair. | No windows; light obtained through opening in structure. | No special provision; very lofty building. | This building not being in constant use is not kept as cleanly as the others. | 6 double stalls in two rows; path between heads for feeding the animals. | 10 | 2,034 cu. ft. per. animal. | do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | Cows are turned out every day unless the weather is very bad. | |
| C 2 | Brick structure;, m fairly good sanit^T condition. | Good. | Specially built wood structure in farm yard ; . lighted by a window and ventilated over the door. | Good; no drain inside. | None. | No. 1. Shed. Old wood structure; pantile roof, in bad repair; good brick floor, and channel drain outside. | No windows; openings at rear of stalls, 7ft. x 9ft.; lft. to 68ft. | By openings between the tiles and at rear of stalls. | Clean; manure heap in field adjoining. | 2 double stalls, 4 single do.; feeding troughs fixed to the wall. | 9 | 585 cu. ft. per animal. | Water is provided for milkers to wash their hands; milk is taken at once on the round. | do. | Water is laid on from the Water Board's mains. | Water laid on in the yard from the main; iron trough for the cattle. | ; Mitcham. | do |
| do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | No. 2 Shed. Ditto | Do., lft. to 39ft. | do. | Clean. | 2 double stalls; brick troughs fixed against wall. | 3 | 859 cu. ft. per animal. | do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | |
| do, i r | do. | do. | do. | do. | No. 3 Shed. Wood structure; felt roof; in fair state of repair; concrete floor; drain outside. | Do., lft. to 7ft. | do. | Clean. | do. | 3 | 593 cu. ft. per animal | do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | |
| C 3 | Old brick structure; clean, and in good repair. | do | New brick building adjoining the house; lighted by three windows, also used for ventilation; wire gauze protection. | do | do. | Good brick structure, with hay loft over; concrete floor; drain outside. | lft. to 18ft. | Four louvre ventilators. 4ft. 6in. x 4ft. Oin., which also serves to light. | Clean; manure pit 12ft. from the shed. | 7 double stalls, 1 single stall; concrete troughs fixed against external walls. | 15 | 740 cu. ft. per animal. | Cattle are groomed: udders wiped when dirty; water provided for washing hands. | No complaints regarding the cattle; several are in poor condition. | do. | Water is laid on to troughs; a tank is also provided in yard from the main. | Mitcham and Toot- ing. | do. |
| C | New structure; good. | Good. | Specially built wood structure outside the house, lighted by window and louvereventilation. | Good. | None. | Wood structure; in good repair; loft over it; good brick and concrete floor; drain outside. | lft, to 44ft. | By openings between the joints carrying floor above. | Clean ; manure is taken to market gardening fields at rear of .farm buildings. | 2 double stalls; iron feeding troughs fixed against the wall. | 4 | 646 cu. ft. per animal. | Water provided for washing hands; milk is taken to the dairy, situate ¾ mile away from the farm. | Good; no recent deaths. | From the Water Board's mains. | From the Water Board's main to a tank in the yard. | Mitcham; delivered in bottles. | This dairy is of a private character. |
| C 5 | Good substantial structure. | Good. | There is no dairy; surplus milk is taken directly by a dairyman on to the round. | An old brick and galvanised iron structure; tile roof; brick floor; drains to cesspool outside. | None. | By openings at the head of stall and between tiles. | Clean; manure taken out into the fields. | Originally four stalls, now one. | One, occasionally two. | 1,966 cu. ft. per animal. | Every precaution is taken by proprietor to prevent fouling of milk. | Good. | do. | Water taken to the shed in a pail from the house service. | Mitcham. | This is a private dairy; most of the milk is used in the house; a little surplus is sold to a. dairyman. | ||
| C 6 | Good | ! Good. | Shop properly adapted for the business of adairyman. | Good | do. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | Retail trade. | A special can washing shed is provided in yard. |
| C 7 | do. | do. | Good structure; no special means of ventilation. | do. | General grocery business. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | About a quart of milk only sold per day. |
| C 8 | do. | do. | Shop properly adapted to the business of a dairyman. | do. | Bread, tea, tinned provisions. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | The bulk of milk brought to these premises is sold on the round; means for cleansing cans, etc., provided at the rear of premises. |
| C 9 | Old wooden cottage ; fair repair. | do. | Milk is received from the last mentioned dairyman and taken immediately on the milk round. | No dairy. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | ||
| C 10 C 11 C 12 | New premises; good condition | do. do. Good | Shop specially built for a dairyman. Adapated for dairyman's busines | Good. | Bread, tea, and dairy produce. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. do | ... ... | do. do. do. | The business is a large one; means for cleansing cans, etc., is provided in a shed at the near of premises. Milk is sent out in sealed bottles. A very small quantity of milk is sold here; precautions are taken against fouling of milk. |
| do. Good. | This milkshop is in good structural condition. | do. Good. | do. General grocery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | M.W.B. main. | ... ... | ||||
| C 18 | do. | do. | This milkshop is structurally good, but very much crowded with other goods. | do. | do. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | |
| C 14 | do. | do. | Premises specially constructed for a dairy business; well lighted and ventilated. | do. | Dairy produce. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do | ... ... | do. | Means are provided in the basement for cleansing of cans, etc |
| C 15 | Indifferent. | Old ; does not enjoy good health. | The front room of a ground floor that has been set apart for storing cans and any milk left over off the round. | Indifferent; premises not suitable for milkshop. | None. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | An application for registration by the occupier for this address has been refused. |
| C 16 | Good. | Good. | Shop specially adapted for a dairyman. | Good. | Dairy produce. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Means are provided in a shed in the yard for the cleansing of cans, etc. |
| C 17 | do. | do. | do. | do. | do. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do | ... ... | do. | do. |
| C 18 | Not kept as clean as could be wished. | do | do. | Have had occasions to complain of uncleanliness | do. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | The bulk of the milk sold by these dairymen is deposited in a shed at the rear, adjoining can washing shed. |
| C 19 | Good. | do. | Milk sold from this shop is kept in a larder at the rear of premises. | Good. | Food kept in larder; tobacco and confectionery sold in the shop. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | The quantity of milk sold is very small. |
| C 20 | Old. but in good condition. | do. | Shop is fitted up for a dairy business. | do. | Dairy produce. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do | ... ... | do. | A large quantity of milk is dealt with: some taken out by employes and some by other dairymen; milk is deposited in a shed at the rear next to the can washing shed; the premises are not well adapted for a business of this size. |
| C 21 | Good. | Good. | Structurally good, but shop much crowded with other goods. | Good. | General grocery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | The occupier is careful to prevent fouling of milk as far as is possible. |
| C 22 | do. | do. | . The shop was built specially for a dairy. | do. | Dairy produce. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Most of the milk brought here is sold on the round. |
| C 23 | Bad. | do. | This shop is structurally good, but is orowded with other goods of an objectionable character. | The shop is as clean as permissable, having regard to the nature of the business carried on. | Coal blocks, general grocery, wood, etc. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | An application by the occupier to be registered was refused. |
| C 24 C 25 | Good. Good | do. do | Shop is structurally good; well lighted. do.j | Good, do. | Bread and confec- tionery. General grocery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do do. | ... ... | do. do | Milk is kept on the counter and protected from contamination; a very small quantity is sold. do. |
| C 2G | do | do. | Front room set apart for storing milk left unsold on the round. | Clean, but ill adapted for storing milk. | None. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Most of the milk is sold on the round. |
| C 27 | do. | do. | New shop premises; well lighted and ventilated. | Good. | Grocery business. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Occupier is careful to prevent the fouling of |
| C 28 | do. | do | Milkshop is an old building, but clean, well lighted, and ventilated. | do. | Grocery and haberdashery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Do.; small quantity sold. |
| C £9 | do. | do. | This shop is structurally good, badly ventilated and lighted. | The shop is overcrowded with other goods; fairly clean. | General grocery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | The premises are situated amongst the poorer classes. |
| C 30 | Bad. | do. | Old premises; badly ventilated. | The shop is crowded with other articles, many of which give off an objectionable odour. | Grocery, sweets, haberdashery, etc. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Do., and most unsuitable for storing milk. |
| C 31 | Good. | Good. | Wooden structure at side of house; window and a small opening for ventilation. | Clean. | None. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | There is no cowshed ; the cows are kept in the field all the year round. | 2 | ... ... | Milk is taken to the dairy attached to the house. | Good. | do. | M.W.B. main. | Lonesome and Mitcham. | The cows are shifted to different fields for grazing from time to time. |
| C 82 | Bad. | Good. | The shop is an old one; badly ventilated: well lighted; in bad repair. | Impossible to keep clean on account of overcrowded state; an objectionable | General grocery, i brushes, crockery, etc., etc. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | Retail trade. | The premises are most unsuitable for a milkshop. |
| odour pervades the place. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ||||||||
| C 33 | Good. | do. | Good structure; well lighted and ventilated- | Good. | Grocery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | Every precaution is taken by the occupier to prevent the fouling of milk. |
| C 84 | G'ood. | do. | Structurally good; badly ventilated; fairly well lighted. | Difficult to keep clean end air pure on account of its overcrowded state. | General grocery, vegetables, and numerous other articles. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | There is no water supply at present; the supply has been cut off on account of leak. | ... ... | do. | Litigation is pending between the Water Board and occupier respecting the water supply and notice has also been served by order of the District Council. |
| C 85 | Good. | do | Wood structure, with glass roof, in yard; in good condition. | Good. | None. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | M.W.B. main. | ... ... | do. | Very little milk is sold at the premises; the bulk of supply is sold on the round in Mitcham. |
| C 86 | Bad. | do. | Structurally good, but badly ventilated. | The premises are not kept clean and sweet | None | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | I have frequently complained, and have served a notice on the occupier to cleanse the place and deodorise it: all the milk is taken or sold on the round. |
| C 87 | Good. | do. | Good. | Good. | Grocery | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do | Occupier is careful to prevent the fouling of milk on the premises. |
| C 88 | Good. | do. | The premises were built specially for a large dairy business. | Good. | Dairy produce only. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do | The business is well conducted. |
| C 89 | do. | do. | Good. | do. | Grocery, oil, etc. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | A very small quantity of milk is sold; occupier is careful to prevent the fouling of milk. |
| C 40 | Good. | Good. | Good. | Good. | Grocery. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | A very small amount of milk is sold here; every precaution is taken to prevent fouling of milk. |
| C 41 | do. | do. | do. | do. | Sweets, minerals. etc. | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | ... ... ... ... ... | do. | ... ... | do. | do |