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5
the actual area, but of course, as divided, each person has
not the advantage of equal proportional space. "In the
City of London, without the walls, the density is one person
to every 16 square yards of area;" and at the Census there
was in all London, if "uniformly distributed, 1 individual
to every 160 yards."
Analytically the births—exclusive of those still-born—
comprised 2011 Boys and 1911 Girls; the addition to the
population by the preponderance of births was 1480; and
the birth ratio 37.43 to 1000 living.

The yearly mortality was at the rate of 2.331 per cent.;
that of London was 2.356; that of the East Districts 2.530.
Respectively, these represent 1 death in 42.90, in 42.44, and
in 39.52 persons. It was also .169 below the average of the
town districts generally in England and Wales. Supposing
however our population not to outnumber the excess of births
over deaths, the mortality of the year would be to the living
as 1 in 41.77. And here I may notice that if thus estimated,
the death rates of 1856 and 1857 would be 1 in each 51.30
and 43.31 persons, in lieu of 1 in 52 and 45 individuals, as
stated on the decennial calculations of 1841—51, in the Reports.
Compared with the foregoing 10 years, health was