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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1902

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1903
Pages
241
Tables
118

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118 tables in this report

  • Page 11
    TABLE A.
    Area. Statute Acres.Inhabited Houses.Population.
    1891.1901.1891.1901.
  • Page 11
    TABLE B. CENSUS RETURNS.
    year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 12
    The populations of the above at the middle of 1902, calculated on the last Census Returns, were:—
  • Page 13
    Vaccination Statistics in the City of London.
    Year.Number of Births.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination Postponed.Removed or unaccounted for at the end of the year.Conscientious Objections.
    per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 18
    Death Rates, per 1,000 per Annum.
    Year.City oE London.33 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 19
    Percentage of Deaths occurring in Workhouses, Workhouse Infirmaries and Lunatic Asylums to total Deaths in the City of London and the Metropolis respectively, for 1902, compared with the average for the previous five years:—
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per rent.
  • Page 20
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 20
    VITAL STATISTICS, 1902. City of London compared with, the Metropolis, previous five years.
    City of London.Birth Rate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent. of Deaths Registered.Deaths from principal Zymotic Disease per i,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Popu-ation(Cor-poration Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 21
    Table I. (This Table is prepared in accordance with the requisitions of the Local Government Board.) Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1902 and Previous Years. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Tear.Births.TotalDeaths Registered in the District.Total Deaths in public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Nonresidents registered in Public Institutions in the District.Deaths of Residents registered in Public Institutions beyond the District.Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District.
    Number.Rate.*Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    N umber.Rate.*
    Number.Rate per 1,000 Births registered.Number.Rate.*
    12345678910111213
  • Page 22
    (This Table is prepared in accordance with the requisitions of the Local Government Board.) Causes of, and Ages at, Death during Year 1902.
    Deaths in or belonging to whole District at subjoined ages.Deaths in or belonging to Localities at all AgesTotal Deaths in Public Institutions in the District.
    All ages.Under 1.1 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and upwardsSt. Botolph.Allhallows.St. Sepulchre.*
    12.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
  • Page 26
    METEOROLOGY at Greenwich, and DEATH RATES recorded in London and the City respectively for each year from 1894 to 1902. METEOROLOGY, 1902.
    Year189418951896189718981899190019011902
  • Page 26
    NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. In the following Tables will be found particulars of the cases of infectious disease notified under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, during 1902, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, &c.:—
    NATURE OP DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis Incorrect.
  • Page 27
    TABLE C. Return of infectious disease, exclusive of Chicken-pox, occurring in the City of London, with the percentage of such cases removed to hospital or treated at home during 1902, compared with the average for the previous five years :—
    Year.Number of cases reported.Per cent. of cases reported.
    Removed to Hospital.Treated at Home.
  • Page 28
    Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the Year 1902.
    Disease.Cases notified in Whole District.Total Casesnotified in eachLocality.No. of Cases removed toHospital from each Locality.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.St. Botolph.Allhallows.St. Sepulchre.St. Botolph.Allhallows.St. Sepulchre.
    Under 1.1 to 5.6 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 28
    Twenty-three families, comprising 26 adults [and 40 children, total 66 persons, were received and provided with lodging, food, and attendance during the disinfection and cleansing of their houses after
  • Page 30
    VACCINATION AND RE-VACCINATION.
  • Page 30
    CASE MORTALITY.
  • Page 30
    In pursuit of his investigations, an Inspector visited the patient in Guy's Hospital on Saturday, the 2nd August, and collected the following information : —
  • Page 44
    ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE. Vital Statistics 1902, compared with previous five years.
    YEAR.Death rate per 1,000.Deaths of children under 5 years of age.Deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 births.Birth rate per 1,000.Number of illegitimate children born in the Buildings.Deaths from Infectious Diseases.
  • Page 45
    City of London. Table of BIRTHS OCCURRING AT THE ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH, DURING THE YEAR 1902, to which are added the DEATHS registered during the same period classified according to Diseases, Ages, and Localities.
    Name of Block.Births.mortality from all causes at subjoined ages.mortality from subjoined causes, distinguishing deaths op children under five years of age.
    At all ages.under 1 year.1 and under 56 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6060 and upwards.Small-pox.Scarlatina.Diphtheria.Membranous. Croup.Fevers.Cholera.Erysipelas.Measles.Whooping Cough.Diarrhoea and Dysentery.Rheumatic Fever.Ague.Phthisis.Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Pleurisy.Heart Disease.violent Deaths. Injuries.All other Diseases.Totals.
    Typhus.Enteric or Typhoid.Continued.Relapsing.Puerperal.
    Male.Female.
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.
  • Page 46
    Number of Articles disinfected, bodies received at the Mortuary, and Inquests held at the Coroner's Court in the City during 1902, compared with the average for the previous five years.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, kc., disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Iuquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 47
    The amounts spent during the past twelve months under these several headings were :—
    £s.d.
  • Page 48
    SANITARY INSPECTIONS. The following is a Statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year :— WEST DISTRICT.
    Date of Report.Premises Inspected.Orders Issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 49
    EAST DISTRICT. (Inspector - W. H. Ralph.)
    Date of Report.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Works completed.
  • Page 49
    The foregoing are summarised as under:—
    District.Number of Inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 50
    Sanitary Inspections During 1902, compared with previous five years.
    Year.Inspections made.Sanitary Improvements effected.Notices served.
  • Page 50
    PROSECUTIONS UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH (LONDON) ACT, 1891.
    Date.Name.Business.Address.Where heard.Before whom.Offence.Result,
  • Page 51
    Refuse Dealt with during 1902 and previous Five Years.
    Year.Street Sweepings and slop.House and Trade Refuse.Total.No. of Loads Cremated in Destructor.Per Cent. Cremated.
  • Page 54
    Those now on the Register are:—
    District. •No. of Houses on Register.No. of Lodgers.No. of Tenements.Average No. of Persons per Tenement.Sanitary Notices Served.
  • Page 54
    In addition to the foregoing there are eleven Blocks of dwellings let out in tenements, but not placed on the Register for the reason that each holding is "self-contained," it having been decided in a Court of Law that under these circumstances they are not subject to the Bye-laws for houses let in lodgings, or occupied by members of more than one family :—
    Situation.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
  • Page 61
    Return of Common Lodging Houses within the City of London.
    Reg. No.Name and Residence of Keeper.Situation op Common Lodging House.Authorised No. of I<odgers.Sex of Lodgers.
    Date when registered.Name.No. of House.Street or Place.No. of House.Street or Place.
  • Page 64
    "At present there are 1,452 firms on the list, located as under:—
  • Page 65
    "He then stated:— " 'There are 614 establishments in which food is cooked for sale,. " 'distributed over the City, and dividing these for convenience of " ' reference over the three Sanitary Districts, we find in the
  • Page 65
    " The prospective number of workshops and workplaces to be inspected " within the City may therefore be estimated to be:—
  • Page 84
    The following is a list of the Bakehouses in existence, in the City, during 1902:—
    Ref. No. in Diagram.Situation.No. of Bakehouses.
  • Page 86
    WORKPLACES (KITCHENS OF RESTAURANTS).
    Details.Totals.
  • Page 87
    Fifty-four cases were thus notified in the course of the year, as compared with fifty-one cases in 1901, forty-nine in 1900, fifty-five in 1899, sixty-five in 1898, and thirty-four in 1897, distributed as under:—
    Situation of Premises.Result of action taken.
  • Page 88
    Continued from previous page...
    Situation of Premises.Result of action taken.
  • Page 89
    OUTWORKERS EMPLOYED IN THE CITY. The following is a list of premises where Outworkers are employed, viz.:—
    Premises.Trade.Workers.Total Workers.
    M.F.
  • Page 90
    DOMESTIC WORKSHOPS AND FACTORIES. Up to the present only two Domestic Workshops in the City have come under the notice of my Department, as follows:—
    Premises.Trade.Workers.Total Workers.
    M.F.
  • Page 90
    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. The City Solicitor was instructed to take proceedings in respect to the following matters, viz.:—
    Premises.Defects needing to be remedied.
  • Page 91
    Summary of Work under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, for the year 1902.
    Totals.
  • Page 91
    SUMMARY FOR THE NINE MONTHS—APRIL TO DECEMBER, 1902.
  • Page 92
    The premises inspected have included the following:—
  • Page 97
    FLUSHING OF STREETS, COURTS, &c. In the subjoined lists the places marked * * * were flushed every twenty-four hours, those marked * * twice a week, those marked * once a week.
    EAST DISTRICT.
  • Page 98
    Continuied from previous page...
  • Page 98
    LIMEWHITING OF COURTS. The walls of the following courts were cleansed and limewhited, and where the same are approached by a covered way, the ceiling treated in a similar manner.
    EAST DISTRICT.
  • Page 99
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 101
    In five of the above, prosecutions were instituted under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, with the following results:—
    Date.Name.Business.Address.Where heardBefore whom.Offence.Result.
  • Page 102
    The following is a summary of these proceedings:—
    Place.Number of Bodies dealt with.Authority for Removal.
  • Page 107
    The material so disposed of comprised:—
  • Page 108
    Between 15th July and 31st December 83 tons, 14 cwts. of unsound food were dealt with, of which thw following are the particulars:-
    Tonscwt.crs.
  • Page 109
    Continued from previous page...
    Tonscwt.qrs.
  • Page 112
    In eight cases the vendors attention has been directed to breaches of the regulations, as hereunder appended:—
    Premises.Offence.Action taken.
  • Page 122
    There are 173 establishments (exclusive of clubs and licensed premises where ice creams are served to diners, &c.) where such goods are sold, and in 32 only are these goods actually made within the City. The figures are:—
    District.Total.Percentage.
    East.Middle.West.
  • Page 126
    ICE CREAMS—BACTERIOSCOPIC ANALYSIS.
    No. of Sample.Date of Collection.Name and Address of Vendor.Place of Manufacture.Result of Analysis.
  • Page 130
    The following Table gives a comprehensive account of the result of the experiments:—
    Milk Sample.Date of Experiment.Guinea-pigs injected.Date of P.M.Result.
  • Page 132
    MILK ANALYSES-SAMPLES TAKEN AT CITY RAILWAY STATIONS.
    Mark on Sample.Result of Analysis.
    Fat.Solids (not fat).Total Solids.
  • Page 148
    LEIGH-ON-SEA COCKLES.
    No. of sample.Date of collection or receipt of samples.Where obtained.Original source.If relaid in Leigh Creek.Cooked or Uncooked.Result of Dr. Klein's examination.
  • Page 149
    LEIGH-ON-SEA COCKLES—continued.
    No. of sample.Date of collection or receipt of samples.Where obtained.Original source.If relaid in Leigh Creek.Cooked or Uncooked.Result of Dr. Klein's examination.
  • Page 155
    Emsworth, Bosham, Mumbles, Southwick and Whitstable, 11 have been found to be polluted, as under:—
  • Page 156
    Results of Bacterioscopic Examination of Oysters submitted by the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers.
    No. of sample.Date of collection.Where collected.By whom submitted.Result of Dr. Klein's examination.
  • Page 157
    OYSTERS (continued).
    No. of sample.Date of collection.Where collected.By whom submitted.Result of Dr. Klein's examination.
  • Page 158
    Table showing the annual deliveries and other details during the past 29 years:— MEAT SUPPLIES, 1874 to 1902.
    Year.General Supply,Seizures by Inspectors.%of Bad Mea to Good.
  • Page 159
    Monthly Deliveries at the Corporation Markets, Smithfield.
    month.1900.1901.1902.
  • Page 159
    The sources of origin during the past seven years are here expressed in terms per cent. of total annual deliveries.
    1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.1901.1902.
  • Page 163
    Some idea of the magnitude of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures copied from the Annual Report of the Market Superintendent:—
    1900.1901.1902.
  • Page 163
    MEAT INSPECTION. The seizures of diseased and unsound meat amounted to 865 tons 12 cwts., including 257 tons 7 cwts. 2 qrs. 25 lbs. of imported frozen and chilled meat.
    Month.1900.1901.1902.
  • Page 164
    The 865 tons 10 cwts. 3 qrs. 23 lbs. seized by your Inspectors as unfit for the food of man, were classified as under:—
    1902.Diseased.Putrid.Unwholesome on account of injury during life.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
  • Page 164
    The percentages of Meat seized under a summary of the various headings of the above table and for the preceding five years, were as follows:—
    Year.Diseased.Putrid.*Unwholesome on account of injury during life.
  • Page 165
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, seized as unsound, and proportion condemned to that delivered during each Month of the Year 1902.
    Month .Meat delivered at the Market.Meat seized by the Inspectors.Ratio of Meat condemned to that delivered,
  • Page 166
    DISEASED MEAT PROSECUTIONS, 1902.
    Date of Hearing.Where Heard.Before whom.Occupation of Person Summoned.Defendant's Place of Business.Result.
  • Page 167
    Of the above, 156,357 tons were consigned to Billingsgate Market, the remainder, viz., 59,826, being delivered at the salesmen's shops in the neighbourhood of the Market.
    Year.Fish Delivered at Billingsgate Market.Fish Delivered in the neighbourhood of Billingsgate Market.Total Deliveries.
  • Page 168
    Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1902.
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.*Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 168
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1902 and the five tears 1897-1901.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 169
    As in former years, attention has chiefly been directed towards Milk and Butter, and a comparison of the following figures will show that the efforts taken in the City to check adulteration of these important articles of food are being attended with success:—
    1901.1902.
  • Page 172 173
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1899. Articles examined during the year 1902.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1902.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Articles adulterated.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Articles adulterated.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Articles adulterated.No. of Samples taken.No. j Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Articles adulterated.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Articles adulterated.
  • Page 174
    Table II. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS. First Quarter.
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 175
    Continued from previous page...
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 176
    Continued from previous page...
    Sample.Nature and Extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 176
    SUMMARY.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 187
    STREET LISTS, Compiled from Weekly Returns of Registrars of Sub-Districts.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 188
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OK PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 189
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 190
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 191
    CITY OF LONDON MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of Uouse.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 191
    ARTIZANS DWELLINGS—STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Certified Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 192
    STREET LISTS. Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 193
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 194
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 195
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 196
    The following Table gives a comprehensive account of the result of the experiments :—
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 197
    Continued from previous page...
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.
  • Page 198
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 199
    WEST DISTRICT-continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 200
    WEST DISTRICT-continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers
  • Page 201
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 202
    WEST DISTRICT-continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 203
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 204
    MIDDLE DISTRICT-continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 205
    EAST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 206
    EAST DISTRICT-continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 207
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 208
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Owner.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 209
    Appendix D. List of Persons registered under the Dairies, Cowsheds and Milkshops Order. 1st January, 1903.
    Date of RegistrationPremises.Person Registered.
  • Page 210
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 211
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.PremisesPerson Registered.
  • Page 212
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of RegistrationPremises.Person Registered.
  • Page 213
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of RegistrationPremises.Person Registered.
  • Page 214
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 215
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 216
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 217
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 218
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 219
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 220
    Continued from previous page...
    Date of Registration.Premises.Person Registered.
  • Page 221
    Appendix E. New List of Causes of Death as used in the Annual Reports of the Registrar-General for England and Wales. N.B.—The terms printed in italics, being the names of symptoms merely, or being otherwise objectionable, should be used, in Medical Certificates, only when precise information is wanting. GENERAL DISEASES.
  • Page 222
    LOCAL DISEASES.