London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972
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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
City of London 1856
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]
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| CLASSES OR OCCUPATIONS. | CAUSES OF DEATH PER 1,000 OF THE DEATHS. | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Among Children under 15. | Among Persons of 15 Years of age and upwards. | |||||||||||||||||
| Fever. | Tabes & Scrofula. | Pneumonia & Bronchitis. | Diarrhea. | Convulsions & Teething. | Zymotic Diseases. | Fever, | Phthisis. | Pneumonia and Bronchitis. | Diarrhoea. | Brain Disease. | Heart Disease. | |||||||
| M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F. | M. | F- | M. | F. | |||||||
| Merchants, Shop-keepers, &c. | 28.8 | 158.5 | 141.2 | 46.1 | 175.8 | 265.1 | 54.0 | 26.2 | 216.1 | 136.1 | 139.7 | 172.7 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 81.0 | 89.0 | 72.0 | 46.9 |
| Servants and Nurses | 58.8 | 500 .0 | 147.0 | 117.6 | 206.0 | 176.5 | .. | 148.9 | .. | 127.7 | .. | 134.7 | .. | 21.2 | .. | 49.6 | .. | 71.0 |
| Clerks, Accountants, &c | 18.0 | 171.1 | 162.1 | 27.0 | 306.3 | 200.0 | 60.1 | 0.0 | 202.2 | 166.0 | 131.1 | 196.0 | 21.8 | 9.8 | 125.6 | 88.2 | 76.6 | 49.0 |
| Butchers, Poulterers, &c | 22.7 | 113.6 | 204.5 | 0.0 | 227.2 | 318.4 | 62.5 | 61.3 | 281.5 | 76.9 | 156.4 | 179.4 | 0.0 | 25.6 | 187.7 | 179.4 | 0.0 | 76.9 |
| Porters, Messengers, &c | 24.3 | 142.2 | 178.9 | 53.0 | 194.3 | 187.0 | 26.6 | 17.8 | 207.5 | 142.8 | 133.0 | 161.6 | 21.3 | 26.8 | 53.2 | 11601 | 58.5 | 26.8 |
| Bricklayers, Masons, &c | 18.8 | 195.0 | 125.8 | 78.6 | 191.5 | 261.0 | 57.5 | 52.1 | 177.0 | 19.3 | 239.0 | 208.7 | 22.1 | 26.1 | 79.6 | 69.5 | 26.5 | 87.0 |
| Shoemakers, Furriers, &c. | 15.6 | 208.3 | 145.8 | 72.9 | 177.1 | 250.0 | 91.8 | 53.7 | 214.2 | 182.8 | 183.7 | 118.2 | 20.4 | 0.0 | 40.8 | 75.2 | 40.8 | 64.5 |
| Tailors, Weavers, &c | 35.4 | 168.1 | 194.7 | 57.4 | 225.6 | 190.2 | 80.0 | 73.1 | 216.0 | 219.5 | 261.3 | 195.1 | 45.5 | 24.4 | 56.8 | 48.8 | 90.9 | |
| Blacksmiths, &c | 10.7 | 139.8 | 193.5 | 75.2 | 204.3 | 268.8 | 40.5 | 41.7 | 216.2 | 146.0 | 108.1 | 166.7 | 13.5 | 20.8 | 67.6 | 62.5 | 40.5 | 41.7 |
| Carpenters, Turners, &c. | 52.6 | 163.2 | 168.4 | 73.7 | 205.3 | 226.0 | 52.6 | 46.5 | 272.0 | 139.6 | 201.7 | 221.0 | 52.6 | 11.6 | 61.4 | 34.9 | 35.1 | 46.5 |
| Cahrnen, Ostlers, &c | 85.1 | 156.0 | 156.0 | 50.0 | 177.3 | 255.3 | 49.4 | 100.0 | 247.0 | 300.0 | 185.2 | 160.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 98.8 | 40.0 | 86.4 | 100.0 |
| Pubticans, Wine-mrchnts., &e. | 0.0 | 125.0 | 93.7 | 93.7 | 250.0 | 171.7 | 22.5 | 23.8 | 236.0 | 238.1 | 67.2 | 142.8 | 11.2 | 0.0 | 191.0 | 95.2 | 67.2 | 142.8 |
| Painters, Glaziers, &c | 30.0 | 179.1 | 164.1 | 44.7 | 224.0 | 244.0 | 73.1 | 33.3 | 146.3 | 100.0 | 244.0 | 200.0 | 24.4 | 66.7 | 73.1 | 100.0 | 24.4 | 33.3 |
| Watermen, &c | 66.7 | 233.3 | 66.7 | 133.3 | 200.0 | 100.0 | 47.6 | 77.0 | 238.0 | 102.5 | 142.8 | 154.0 | 23.8 | 0.0 | 95.2 | 179.5 | 47.6 | 25.6 |
| Soldiers, Police, &c. | 40.5 | 67.7 | 216.2 | 135.0 | 216.2 | 364.8 | 17.0 | 48.8 | 220.3 | 268.3 | 85.0 | 122.0 | 17.0 | 48.8 | 51.0 | 48.8 | 34.0 | 48.8 |
| Costermongers, Hawkers, &c. | 33.3 | 266.7 | 100.0 | 33.3 | 200.0 | 266.7 | 28.6 | 41.7 | 342.9 | 83.0 | 171.4 | 271.8 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 28.6 | 83.4 | 28.6 | 0.0 |
| Printers and Compositors | 27.8 | 138.8 | 185.2 | 92.6 | 176.0 | 240.7 | 0.0 | 57.1 | 377.8 | 257.1 | 155. 6 | 100.0 | 44.4 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 85.5 | 22.2 | 143.0 |
| Bakers, Confectioners, &c. | 24.4 | 97.5 | 122.0 | 122.0 | 170.7 | 317.0 | 45.4 | 36.0 | 227.3 | 294.1 | 227.3 | 294.1 | 90.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 176.4 | 45. 4 | 0.0 |
| Needlewomen | 48.8 | 244.3 | 183.0 | 85.3 | 231.7 | 97.5 | .. | 144.6 | .. | 385.6 | .. | 84 .3 | .. | 0.0 | .. | 108.4 | .. | 108.4 |
| All Classes | 31.2 | 170.6 | 158.7 | 66.4 | 202.2 | 233.4 | 49.5 | 58.5 | 219.8 | 174.3 | 163.6 | 169.4 | 21 .7 | 17.4 | 81.5 | 82-8 | 51-9 | 60.0 |
Note.—While 37 is the average number for Liver Diseases among all c lasses of Males—in the case of Publicans it is 101, and of their Wives it is 71, as
against 43, which is the average per 1,000 of Females.