Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]
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No. and date of experiment. | Direction and force of wind. | Barometrical pressure. | Temperature. | Velocity of air current, in feet per second. | Vols, of CO2 per 10,000. Fresh air. | Vols, of CO2 per 10,000, Sewer air. | Organisms in 10 litres of fresh air. | Organisms in 10 litres of sewer air. | Remarks. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shade. | Sewer. | Moulds. | Bacteria. | Total. | Moulds. | Bacteria. | Total. | |||||||
1893. | ||||||||||||||
1. January 13th | N.E. strong. | 30.01 | - | 55 | Velocity of the air current determined with the anemometer varied from 5 ft. to 11 ft. per second. | - | 28.25 | Not determined. | 1 | 4 | 5 | The weather was too bad to make observations in fresh air on the 13th and 30th of January. | ||
2. January 30th | S. strong. | 30.04 | - | 55 | - | 14.56 | Not determined. | 5 | 15 | 20 | ||||
3. March 8th | Calm. | 30.33 | 60 | 51 | 2.54 | 15.77 | 28.5 | 9.0 | 37.5 | 5 | 14 | 19 | Fine day. | |
4. March 13th | N.W. slight. | 29.72 | 62 | 53 | 3.56 | 5.91 | 12.5 | 8.5 | 21.0 | 7 | 15 | 22 | The sewer was fully charged,and the air was drawn from the penstock chamber, hence | |
5. August 30th | N.W. slight. | 30.15 | 78 | 62 | 2.67 | 17.31 | 15.5 | 17 | 32.5 | 10 | 31.5 | 41.5 | Fine day, but showery. |
No. and date of experiment. | Barometrical pressure. | Temperature of sewer air. | Velocity of air current in feet per second. | Length of time sewer was kept full of sewage. | Lapse of time since sewer was emptied. | Vols. of CO2 per 10,000 Pump room air. | Organisms in 10 litres of pump room air. | Organisms in 10 litres of sewer air. | Remarks. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moulds. | Bacteria. | Total. | Moulds. | Bacteria. | Total. | ||||||||
1893. | |||||||||||||
1. May 16th | 29.82 | 64.0 | 5 ft. | 24 hours | 24 hours | 3.32 | 28 | 18 | 46 | 15.5 | 18.5 | 34 | Sewer was filled on May 14th at noon emptied May 15th |
2. May 18th | 29.60 | 60.75 | 5 ft. | 24 hours | 3 days | 3.43 | 20.5 | 12 | 32.5 | 22.0 | 14 | 36 | Sewer not re-filled since last experiment. |
3. June 8th | 30.36 | 61.50 | 5 ft. | 29 hours | 45 hours | 4.58 | 47 | 17.5 | 64.5 | 37 | 10 | 47 | Sewer re-filled on June 5th at 12 noon emptied on 6th at 5 p.m. |
4. June 13th | 29.98 | 62.0 | 5 ft. | 29 hours | 7 days | 4.32 | 17.5 | 12 | 29.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 25 | Sewer wa3 re-filled at 5 p.m. this day emptied at 11 a.m. on 14th. |
5. June 16th | 30.13 | 65.0 | 15 ft. | 18 hours | 2 days | 5.60 | 2 | 15 | 17 | 1 | 14 | 15 | Sewer not refilled until July. |
6. July 13th | 29.69 | 63.75 | 15 ft. | 19 hours | 24 hours | 4.70 | 3.5 | 9 | 12.5 | 2 | 6.5 | 8.5 | Sewer filled on July 11th at 5 p.m. emptied July 12th |
7. July 18th | 30.02 | 65.50 | 15 ft. | 19 hours | 6 days | 4.50 | 9 | 12 | 21 | 12 | 24 | 36 | Sewer not filled since July 12th. |
8. July 21st | 29.74 | 68.0 | 15 ft. | 19 hours | 9 days | 3.82 | 7.5 | 23 | 30.5 | 23.5 | 12.5 | 36 | Do. do. |
9. July 27th | 30.16 | 65.0 | 15 ft. | 19 hours | 12 days | 8.14 | 19.5 | 24 | 43.5 | 45.5 | 19.5 | 65 | Do. do. |
No. and date of experiment. | Barometrical pressure. | Temperature of sewer air. | Velocity of air current in feet per second. | Vols, of CO, per 10,000. Pump room air. | Vols, of CO, per 10,000. Sewer air. | Organisms in 10 litres of pump room air. | Organisms in 10 litres of sewer air. | Remarks. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moulds. | Bacteria. | Total. | Moulds. | Bacteria. | Total. | |||||||
1893. | ||||||||||||
1. Aug. 22nd | 29.86 | 70 | 3 ft. | 7.38 | 13.23 | 26.5 | 24.5 | 51 | 51.5 | 17.5 | 69 | The sewer was filled with sewage to the level of the dam at 10.30 a.m. on the 21st. |
2. Aug. 24th | 30.07 | 67.5 | 3 ft. | 4.56 | 6.61 | 47 | 31 | 78 | 86 | 37.5 | 123.5 | Sewer open at both ends. |
3. Aug. 28th | 30.27 | 63.5 | Very slight. | 8.40 | 11.45 | 20 | 41 | 61 | 14.5 | 13 | 27.5 | |
4. Sept. 1st | 30.15 | 68 | Do. | 3.56 | 8.14 | 18.5 | 10.5 | 29 | 41 | 8 | 19 | On August 30th two bucket-fuls of heavy deposit were placed in sewer. |
5. Sept. 22nd | 29.70 | 64 | No current. | 3.05 | 12.72 | 14.5 | 25.5 | 40 | 2 | 12.5 | 14.5 | At the conclusion of the last experiment on Sept. 1st, two more bucketfuls of heavy deposit were added and both ends of the sewer were closed. |
6. Oct. 5th | 29.20 | 64.5 | 1 ft. | 10.69 | 15.27 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 12.5 | 7 | 19.5 |