London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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London County Council 1899

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

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Table2.—Total number of bacteria in1c.c.

Date.Barking crude sewage.Effluent from primary ooarse bed; series A.Effluent from secondary coarse bed; series A.Effluent from primary coarse bed; series B.Effluent from secondary fine bed; series B
1899.
October 167,200,0001,700,000800,000......
235,440,0001,500,000......900,000
November 18,800,0002,640,0002,000,000......
77,060,000......1,070,000400,000
133,680,000...1,180,000910,000...
2810,400,000...4,800,0002,640,000
December 5......1,480,0004,520,0001,000,000
12......2,240,0002,900,0001,420,000
1900.
January 3...2,880,0003,970,000...2,530,000
17......1,760,0002,000,0001,220,000

These results are shown in graphic form in Diagram 2.
It is to be noted that on four occasions one or other of the effluents contained less than one
million microbes per c.c., and on fifteen occasions not more than two millions. On November 7th
the effluent from the secondary fine bed ( series B. ) contained only 400,000 microbes per c.c., as
compared with 7,000,000 in the crude sewage, a reduction of over 94 per cent.
(b) Number of B. Coli or Closely Allied Forms.

The number of B. coliin the crude sewage and effluents is shown in the following Table—

Table3.—Number of B. coli, or closely allied forms, in1 c.c.

Date.Barking crude sewage.Effluent from primary coarse bed; series A.Effluent from secondary coarse bed; series A.Effluent from primary coarse bed; series B.Effluent from secondary fine bed; series B.
1899.
October 16800,000None in .00001 c.c.100,000......
23200,000800,000......None in .00001 c.c.
November 11,600,000500,000500,000...
71,200,000......200,000None in .00001 c.c.
13600,000...300,000None in .00001 c.c....
28200,000......200.000100,000
December 5......100,000100,000None in 00001 c.c.
12......100,000400,000400,500
1900.
January 3...200,000100,000...200,000
17......None in .00001 c.c.100,000None in .00001 c.c.

These results are shown in graphic form in Diagram 3.
It will be noted that on seven occasions one or other of the effluents contained no B. coli in
'00001 c.c. Usually, however, the effluents contained at least 100,000 B. coli per c.c.
Although there was evidence of a reduction in the number of B. coli in the effluents as
compared with the crude sewage, the large number still remaining in the effluents must be
regarded as very unsatisfactory from the epidemiological point of view.
(c) Number of Spores of B. Enteritidis Sporogenes.

The number of spores of B. enteritidis sporogenesis shown in the following Table—Table4.—Number of spores of B. enteritidis sporogenes (Klein).

Date.Barking crude sewage.Effluent from primary coarse bed; series A.Effluent from secondary coarse bed; series A.Effluent from primary coarse bed; series B.Effluent from secondary fine bed; series B.
1899c.c.c.c.c.c.c.c.c.c.
Oct. 16+.1,.01 and .001+ .01; — .001+ .l and .01...+ .01 and.01;—.001
23+.1,.01 and .001+.1,.01 and .001......+ .01 and.01;—.001
Nov. 1+.1,.01 and .001+.1,.01 and .001+ .l,.01;.001......
7+.1,.01 and .001+.1,.01 and .001......+ .01 and.01;—.001
13+.01;- .001+...+.01;-.001+.01;-.001+ .1 and.01
28+.1 and .01......+ .01 and .01
Dec. 5......+ .0l;- .001+ .01 and .001+.1 and .01
12......+ .01 and .001+ .01 and .001+ .01; —.001
1900
Jan. 3...+.01;- .001+ .0l and.001...+.01;- .001
17......+.01+.01—.01

The sign + signifies the presence and the sign — the absence of spores of B. enteritidis sporogenes.
These results are shown in graphic form in Diagram 4.
Although as a rule the effluents contained fewer spores of B. enteritidis sporogenes than the
crude sewage, the reduction was not very well marked, and, moreover, was not a constant factor.
It cannot therefore be said that the biological processes at work in the coke-beds effected any
significant alteration in the number of spores of this pathogenic anaerobe.