Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]
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The eastern group of districts had the highest mortality from the principal zymotic
diseases in 1899, viz., 317 per 1,000 living, and the western the lowest (1.91). Among the
sanitary districts, St. George, Southwark, had the highest death rate (4.53), and St. Martin-inthe-Fields
the lowest (1.07).
Small-pox and Vaccination.
The deaths from small-pox in the Administrative County of London numbered 3 in 1899,
and 7 deaths were attributed to "cow-pox and effects of vaccination."
The death rates from small-pox in successive periods have been as follows—
Period. | Smallpox death-rate per 1,000 living. | Period. | Smallpox death-rate per 1,000 living. |
---|---|---|---|
1851-60 | 0.28 | 1894 | 0.0201 |
1861-70 | 0.28 | 1895 | 0.0121 |
1871-80 | 0.46 | 1896 | 0.0021 |
1881-90 | 0.14 | 1897 | 0.0041 |
1891 | -1 | 1898 | 0.0001 |
1892 | 0.0071 | 1899 | 0.0011 |
1893 | 0.0401 |
In this table where — is inserted no deaths occurred.
The small-pox death rate in each year since 1840 in relation to the mean small-pox death
rate of the period 1841-99 is shown in diagram IV.
During the complete years in which the notification of infectious diseases has been obligatory, the number of cases of small-pox notified to the medical officers of health in the various sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county has been as follows—
Year. | Cases notified. | Case rate per 1,000 living. |
---|---|---|
1890 | 60 | 0.014 |
1891 | 114 | 0.027 |
1892 | 425 | 0.100 |
1893 | 2,815 | 0.653 |
1894 | 1,193 | 0.274 |
1895 | 980 | 0.223 |
1896 | 225 | 0.050 |
1897 | 104 | 0.023 |
1898 | 33 | 0.007 |
1899 | 29 | 0.006 |
If the London small-pox death rate be compared with the death rates of the following
large English towns, it will be seen that in the period 1889-98 the London death rate was
exceeded by the death rates of Birmingham, Bristol, Bradford and West Ham; while in 1899 in
none of these towns, except Hull, were sufficient deaths registered to give an appreciable death
rate—
Towns. | 1889-98. | 1899. | Towns. | 1889-98. | 1899. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 0.012 | 0.002 | Bristol | 0.02 | _ |
Manchester | 0.001 | - | Nottingham | 0.00 | - |
Liverpool | 0.01 | 0.00 | Bradford | 0.07 | - |
Birmingham | 0.05 | - | Hull | 0.01 | 0.60 |
Leeds | 0.01 | - | Salford | 0.01 | - |
Sheffield | 0.00 | - | West Ham | 0.05 | - |
In this table 0 00 indicates that the deaths were too few to give a rate of 0.005; where no death occurred — is inserted.
If the London small-pox death rate be compared with the death rates of the following
large foreign towns, it will be seen that in the period 1889-98 the London rate was
exceeded by the rates of all these towns except Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Stockholm and Berlin;
while in 1899 in none of these towns, except St. Petersburg, were sufficient deaths registered to
give an appreciable death rate—
Towns. | 1889-98. | 1899. | Towns. | 1889-98. | 1899. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 0.012 | 0.002 | St. Petersburg | 0.12 | 0.09 |
Paris | 0.03 | 0.00 | Berlin | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Brussels | 0.09 | 0.00 | Vienna | 0.04 | 0.00 |
Amsterdam | 0.00 | - | Rome | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Copenhagen Stockholm | 0.00 | - | New York | 0.02 | - |
In this table 0.00 indicates that the deaths were too few to give a rate of 0 005 ; where no death occurred — is inserted.
1 See footnote (1), page 3. See footnote (2), page 3.