Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]
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Proportion of Population of each Sex at certain age-periods.
1891. | All Ages. | 0- | 5- | 10- | 15- | 20- | 25- | 35- | 45- | 55- | 65- | 75- | 85 and upwards |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
St. Saviour, Southwark— Males, Per cent. of total population | 53.10 | 5.83 | 5.49 | 5.15 | 5.55 | 5.36 | 8.60 | 7.03 | 4.68 | 3.03 | 1.86 | 0.49 | 0.04 |
Females, Per cent. of total population | 46.90 | 6.07 | 5.16 | 4.75 | 4.63 | 4.33 | 7.15 | 6.05 | 4.35 | 2.52 | 1.46 | 0.37 | 0.04 |
London— Males, Per cent. of total population | 47.27 | 5.92 | 5.36 | 4.90 | 4.69 | 4.61 | 7.92 | 5.85 | 4.11 | 2.35 | 1.20 | 0.33 | 0.04 |
Females, Per cent. of total population | 52.73 | 5.99 | 5.42 | 4.99 | 5.21 | 5.56 | 9.11 | 6.49 | 4.64 | 2.92 | 1.72 | 0.60 | 0.09 |
The following figures, however, show that the preponderence of males in the district was not manifested by any census before 1871 and that since 1861 the number of females in the district has decreased in a greater degree than the number of males.
Year. | Population. | Per cent. of total population. | |
---|---|---|---|
1861 | 36,170 | 17,683 males | 48.9 |
18,487 females | 51.1 | ||
1871 | 30,250 | 15,175 males | 50.2 |
15,075 females | 49.8 | ||
1881 | 28,662 | 14,706 males | 51.3 |
13,956 females | 48.7 | ||
1891 | 27,177 | 14,432 males | 53.1 |
1 12,745 females | 46.9 |
In part explanation of this fact it should be noted that the district is largely occupied by a population
not employing domestic servants. As long ago as 1861, 9.6 per cent. of the females in the district
were employed as domestic servants, whereas in London as a whole the proportion was 13.5 per cent.
Since that year, as already stated, the females have decreased in larger proportion than the males; this
decrease, no doubt, being in part attributable to the increasing tendency of that portion of the population
generally employing domestic servants to migrate from the central districts of the metropolis to the
suburbs.
While the proportion of males to females of the St. Saviour population differs from that of London, the age distribution of the two populations is very similar, as will be seen from the following table:
1891 | 0-5 | 5.10 | 10.20 | 20.65 | 65 and upwards. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
St. Saviour | 11.9 | 10.6 | 20.1 | 53.1 | 4.3 |
London | 11.9 | 10.8 | 19.8 | 53.5 | 4.0 |
It may be concluded therefore from the evidence which is available that the population of the
sanitary district of St. Saviour contains a considerable excess of persons in the industrial class, an
excess of males over females, and this population has an age-distribution which does not differ from
that of London as a whole.
St. Saviour. | London. | ||
---|---|---|---|
1861-70 | 34.1 | 35.4 | |
1871-80 | 36.2 | 35.4 | |
1881-90 | 34.2 | 33.1 |
It will be seen that the fall which has taken place in the London birth-rate during the last
period of ten years, has been shared by the district of St. Saviour.
Deaths.—The statistics published by the Registrar General enable the death-rates of London
sanitary districts, corrected for deaths in institutions, to be known only since the year 1885. Since
that year deaths occurring in public institutions belonging to London have been distributed to their
proper districts.
The following figures are thus obtainable :
Mortality. | St. Saviour. | London. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1885-91. | 1892. | 1885-91. | 1892. | |
All causes (per 1,000) | 26.3 | 25.5 | 19.9 | 20.3 |
Principal zymotic diseases (per 100,000) | 341.0 | 246.0 | 270.0 | 280.0 |
Smallpox ,, | 6.0 | — | 5.0 | 0.7 |
Measles „ | 96.0 | 86.0 | 62.0 | 79.0 |
Scarlet fever „ | 33.0 | 26.0 | 22.0 | 27.0 |
Diphtheria „ | 33.0 | 22.0 | 29.0 | 44.0 |
Whooping cough „ | 72.0 | 52.0 | 67.0 | 58.0 |
Typhus „ | — | 3.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
Enteric fever „ | 12.0 | 4.0 | 14.0 | 10.0 |
Simple and ill-defined fever ,, | 0.5 | — | 1.2 | 0.5 |
Diarrhoea „ | 90.0 | 52.0 | 69.0 | 60.0 |