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69
that when the By-laws were submitted in draft to the Council in 1927,
certain amendments were submitted by the Council, and some were
accepted by the County Council. The proposal to permit w.cs. and
urinals to be constructed without natural ventilation or light was objected
to as a retrograde step, as also was the approach to a water closet or
urinal through an intervening entrance lobby without a minimum size of
the lobby being laid down.
The By-laws were, however, made by the London County Council
on the 20th May, and approved by the Minister as above, without conceding
these further suggestions of the City Council, and they also contained
a provision, which had not appeared before, to the effect that a water
closet or urinal might be entered directly from a bedroom or dressing
room if used exclusively in connection with such room.
The City Council, being aware of a fairly widespread demand
that private bathrooms, with all conveniences, should be allowed to
be approached directly from bedrooms, suggested that a minimum
superficial area for such an apartment should be specified, with a window
or lantern light, according to the floor space.
Correspondence took place between the Ministry and the Council as
to these objections, the Ministry taking the view that the Council's
objections were calculated to impede what the Ministry deemed progress
and development in sanitary construction. The results of inquiry as
to By-laws in force of 15 great towns of England and Wales appeared
to support the view of the City Council with regard to mechanical
ventilation and artificial lighting ; in no instance were these provincial
By-laws relaxed or amended so as to permit internal w.cs. relying solely
on mechanical ventilation and artificial light.

Combined drainage orders were made in 15 cases.
Infringements of the By-laws were reported by the Sanitary Inspectors
in 12 instances in respect of failure to give notice of intention to construct,
or to deposit plans. Nine builders were cautioned and three were sum-