[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Kensington]

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The above facts will be more clearly apprehended in the tabular form, as follows:-

	Ten- year periods.
	1861-70	1871-80	1881-90

Page 3

The subjoined Table shews the increase of population, and how brought about, in the last three decennial periods:-

	Increase.		Decrease.
	By births, in excess of deaths.	By immigration.	By emigration.	Total increase.

Page 7

Kensington is for some local purposes divided into Wards . The subjoined Table shews the acreage of the Wards, their population as enumerated, and the number of inhabited houses in each, in 1881 and 1891:-

Name of Ward.	Area in Statute Acres.	Inhabited 1881.	Houses. 1891.	Increase in 10 years.	Population		Increase in 10 years.	Decrease
Name of Ward.	Area in Statute Acres.	Inhabited 1881.	Houses. 1891.	Increase in 10 years.	1881.	1891.	Increase in 10 years.	Decrease

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The Rateable Value of Property in the several Wards, at ten-year intervals, between 1851 and 1891, was as follows:-

Ward.	1881 £	1861. £	1871. £	1881. £	1891. £

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The subjoined figures illustrate the development of the Parish, in population and wealth, since the beginning of the century:-

The Year.	Population.	Rateable value of Property.	The Year.

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Kensington is still in process of development by building. but at a moderate rate compared with past years— lSfil-70, for instance. The following Table, brought up to date, exhibits the growth of the Parish since the Metropolis Local Management Act came into operation in 1856

	1856.	1891.	Gross Increase in 35 years.

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The increase in all respects within the last twenty years, the period over which my official experience extends, is not inconsiderable, as the subjoined figures shew:-

	1871.	1891.	Increase in 20 years.

Page 10

The subjoined Table shews the quarterly number of births of males and females in each of the sub-districts:-

	Kensington Town. sub-district.			Brompton sub-district.		Grand Total
	Kensington Town. sub-district.			Brompton sub-district.		Total.	Whole Parish.
	Males.	Females.	Total.	Males.	Females.	Total.	Whole Parish.

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The subjoined Table shews the quarterly number of deaths of parishioners, males and females, in each of the sub-districts:-

	Kensington Town sub-district.		Total.	Brompton sub-district.		Grand Total
	Kensington Town sub-district.			Brompton sub-district.		Total.	Whole Parish.
	Males.	Females.		Males.	Females.	Total.	Whole Parish.

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The subjoined Table shews the rate of mortality and the mean temperature of the air in each of thirteen periods of four weeks corresponding with my monthly reports:-

Date of Report.	Death-rate per 1000 persons living.		Above or belo.w Decennial Average.	Mean Temperature of the Air.
Date of Report.	1891.	10 years 1881.90.	Above or belo.w Decennial Average.	1891.	Decennial Average.	Above or below Decennial Average.

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The subjoined table shews the annual death.rate per 1000 persons living in each of the last eleven years, in Kensington, in London, and in England and Wales:.

	1891.	1890.	1889.	1888.	1887.	1886.	1885.	1884.	1883.	1882.	1881.

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The subjoined Table shews the deaths from the principal zymotic diseases in 1891, together with the decennial average, etc.:-

Disease.	Sub-districts.		In Hospitals.		Total.	Decennial average,
Disease.	Town.	Brompton.	Town,	Brompton,	Total.	Uncorrected.	Corrected for increase of population

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The subjoined Table shews the distribution of deaths in Kensington from the principal diseases of the zymotic class, registered in thirteen four-weekly periods, corresponding with my monthly reports:-

Report for Four Weeks ended.		Measles.	Scarlet Fever.	Diphtheria.	Whooping-cough.	Simple Continued Fever.	Enteric Fever.	Diarrhoea.	Total.

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Statistics of Scarlet Fever in Kensington in 1891, and in Ten Previous Years.

The Year.	No. of Recorded Cases.		Total Number of Recorded Cases.	Percentage of Removals to total Recorded Cases.	Deaths.		Total Deaths.	Percentage of Deaths.		Percentage of Deaths to Recorded Cases.	Deaths in London from Scarlet Fever.
The Year.	Treated at Home.	Removed to Hospital.	Total Number of Recorded Cases.	Percentage of Removals to total Recorded Cases.	At Home.	In Hospitals	Total Deaths.	At Home.	In Hospitals	Percentage of Deaths to Recorded Cases.	Deaths in London from Scarlet Fever.

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Scarlet Fever Cases Recorded in Kensington in 1891, and in Ten Previous Years, in Thirteen Four-Weekly Periods.

The Year.	Weeks. 1-4	Weeks. 5-8	Weeks. 9-12	Weeks. 13-16	Weeks. 17-20	Weeks. 21-24	Weeks. 25-28	Weeks. 29-32	Weeks. 33-36	Weeks. 37-40	Weeks. 41-44	Weeks. 45-48.	Weeks. 49-52	TOTAL

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Summary of Causes of Death.

DISEASES.	Under 1 year.	Between 1 year, and 60.	60 and upwards.	Total.

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The deaths occurred in the following institutions, viz

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The Hospital Accommodation at the disposal of the Managers, with distribution of beds to the various diseases, was stated in the previous report of the Chairman to be as follows:—

	Scarlet.	Diphtheria.	Typhus.	Enteric.	Other Diseases.	Total.

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Cases of Infectious Disease notified in 1891, under the provisions of the " Infectious Disease (Notification) Act, 1889."

Local Authorities in whose Districts the cases were resident.	Small-pox.	Scarlet Fever.	Typhus Fever.	Typhoid or Enteric Fever.	Continued Fever.	Membranous Croup.	Diphtheria.	Erysipelas.	Puerperal Fever.	Totals.	Enumerated Population (ur revised) 1891

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attained on the 8th December. This number, less by 380 than ir 1890, was distributed amongst the various hospitals, as follows :—

HOSPITAL.	Beds Occupied.
HOSPITAL.	Scarlet.	Diphtheria.	Typhus.	Enteric.	Other Diseases.	Total.

Page 94 95

Table shewing Quakterla and Total 'Admissions of Small-Fox and Fever Patients at the Asylums Board Hospitals in 1891, and Population of the several Parishes, Unions, and Districts.

Parishes, Unions.		Small-Pox.				Total.	Scarlet Fever.				Total.	Enteric Fever.				Total.	Diphtheria.				Total,	Grand Total Small- Pox, Fever, and Diphtheria.		Population in 1891.
Parishes, Unions.		1st Qtr.	2nd Qtr.	3rd Qtr.	4th Qtr,	Total.	1st Qtr.	2nd Qtr.	3rd Qtr	4th Qtr.	Total.	1st Qtr.	2nd Qtr	3rd Qtr.	1th Qtr.	Total.	lst Qtr.	2nd Qtr.	3rd Qtr.	4th Qtr.	Total,	Grand Total Small- Pox, Fever, and Diphtheria.		Population in 1891.

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1. With respect to Illuminating Power. The maximum, minimum, and average illuminating power, in standard sperm candles, the statuary standard being 16 candles, was as follows:—

	Maximum.	Minimum.	Average.

Page 239

Grains of sulphur per 100 cubic feet of gas; the Parliamentary limit being 17 grains in 100 cubic feet during the months from April to October, and 22 grains from October to April:—

	Maximum.	Minimum.	Average.

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TABLE I. Shewing Population, Inhabited Houses, Marriages, Births, and Deaths, in 1891, and in ten preceding years.

The Year	Estimated Population.*	No. of Inhabited Houses. †	Marriages.	Registered Births.	Deaths.
The Year	Estimated Population.*	No. of Inhabited Houses. †	Marriages.	Registered Births.	Total all Ages ‡	Under One Year.	Under Five Years.	In Public Institutions. §

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TABLE II Shewing the Annual Birth-rate and Death-rate; Death-rates of Children, and Proportion of Deaths in Public Institutions, in 1000 Deaths, for the year 1891, and ten preceding years.

The Year.	Birth-rate per 1000 of the Population.	Death-rate per 1000 of the Population	Deaths of Children under one year; per 1000 of Registered Births.	Deaths of Children under one year; per 1000 of Total Deaths.	Deaths of Children under five years; per 1000 of Total Deaths.	Deaths in Public Institutions; per 1000 of Total Deaths.

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TABLE III. Deaths registered from all causes in the year 1891. (Exclusive of the Deaths of Non-Parishioners at Public Institutions within the Parish, but inclusive of the Deaths of Parishioners at Public Institutions without the Parish.) For a Summary of this Table see Table Ilia.

CAUSES OF DEATH.	AGES.											Total under Five Years of Age.	Grand Total All Ages.	sub-districts.
CAUSES OF DEATH.	0 to 1.	1 to 5.	5 to 15.	15 to 25.	25 to 35.	35 to 45.	45 to 55.	55 to 65.	65 to 75.	75 to 85.	85 and upwards.	Total under Five Years of Age.	Grand Total All Ages.	Kensington Town.	Brompton.

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TABLE IIIa. Summary of Table III., shewing the number of deaths of parishioners in each Class and Order.

I. SPECIFIC FEBRILE OR ZYMOTIC DISEASES—
	No. of Deaths.

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Shewing the number of Deaths at all ages in 1891, from certain groups of Diseases, and proportions to 1000 of Population, and to 1000 Deaths from all causes: also the number of Deaths of Infants under one year of age from other groups of Diseases, and proportions to 1000 Births and to 1000 Deaths from all causes under one year.

Division I. (Adults).	Total Deaths.	Deaths per 1000 of Population at all ages.	Deaths per 1000 of Total Deaths at all ages.

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TABLE V. Shewing the Number of Deaths from the Principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class in the ten years 1881-90, and in the year 1891.

Diseases.		1881	1882.	1883.	1884.	1885.	1886.	1887.	1888.	1889.	1890.	Annual Average of ten years 1881-90.	Proportion of Deaths to 1000 Deaths in ten years 1881-90.	Deaths in 1891.	Proportion of Deaths to 1000 Deaths in 1891.

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TABLE VI. Sanitary Inspectors' Report of the Sanitary Work completed in the year 1891-92.

Sanitary Districts.*	No. of Complaints made by Inhabitants.	No. of Houses, Premises, &c., inspected.	No. of Re-inspections of Houses, Premises, &c.	Results of Inspection.			House Drains.		Water Closets.			Dust Bins.		Water Supply.			Miscellaneous.
				Notices i?sued for Sanitary Amendments of Houses and Premises.	Houses, Premises, &c , Cleansed, Repaired, Whitewashed, &c.	Houses Disinfected after illness of an Infectious character.	Repaired, Cleansed, &c.	Ventilated, Trapped, &c.	Repaired, &'c.	Supplied with Water.	New Provided.	New Provided.	Repaired, Covered, &c.	Cisterns erected.	Cisterns Cleansed, Repaired, and Covered.	Waste-pipes connected with Drains, &c., abolished.	No. of Lodging Houses Registered under 35th Section of the "Sanitary Act, 1866."†	Removal of Accumulations of Dung, Stagnant Water, Animal and other Refuse. ‡	Animals removed, being improperly kept.	Regularly Inspected.			Legal Proceedings, i.e., Summonses.
					Houses, Premises, &c , Cleansed, Repaired, Whitewashed, &c.		Repaired, Cleansed, &c.	Ventilated, Trapped, &c.	Repaired, &'c.	Supplied with Water.	New Provided.	New Provided.	Repaired, Covered, &c.	Cisterns erected.	Cisterns Cleansed, Repaired, and Covered.	Waste-pipes connected with Drains, &c., abolished.			Animals removed, being improperly kept.	Bakehouses.	Licensed Cowsheds.	Licensed Slaughter Houses.	Legal Proceedings, i.e., Summonses.

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TABLE VIa. Summary of Monthly Returns of Work done by the Sanitary Inspectors in the year 1891-92.

Date of Report.	Houses Inspected.				Mews Inspected.¹				Slaughter Houses Inspected.				Cowsheds Inspected.				Bakehouses Inspected.				Offensive Trades Inspected.				Sanitary Notices Issued.				Date of Report.
Date of Report.	District.				District.				District.				District.				District.				District.				District.				Date of Report.
	N.w	N.E.	C.	S.	N.w	N.E.	C.	S.	N.W	N. E.	C.	S.	N.W	N.E.	C.	S.	N.W	N.E.	C.	S.	N.W	N.E.	C.	S.	N.W	N.E.	C.	S.

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TABLE VII. Shewing the Death-rate per 1000 persons living; the Annual Rate per 1000 from the principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class; and the proportion of Deaths from these Diseases to total Deaths, in Kensington and in all London, in 1891, and in ten preceding years.

The Year.	Deaths per 1000 living.		Total Deaths from seven principal Zymotic Diseases, Kensington.	Annual rate of Mortality per 1000 living, from seven principal Zymotic Diseases.		Proportion of Deaths to 1000 Deaths, from seven principal Zymotic Diseases.		The Year.
The Year.	Kensington.	London.		Kensington.	London.	Kensington.	London.	The Year.

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TABLE VIII. Comparative Analysis of the Mortality in all London, and in Kensington, in 1891.

	Annual Death-rate per 1000 living, from all causes.	Annual Death-rate per 1000 living, from seven principal Zymotic diseases.	Percentage of Deaths under 1 year to Births Registered	percentage of deaths to total deaths.
	Annual Death-rate per 1000 living, from all causes.		Percentage of Deaths under 1 year to Births Registered	Under 1 year of age.	At 60 years of age and upwards.	From seven principal Zymotic diseases.	From Violence.	Registered upon information of Coroners. (Inquests.)	Registered at Public Institutions.¹	Uncertified.

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TABLE IX. Shewing the Localities in which fatal cases of the Principal Diseases of the Zymotic class occurred in 1891.

KENSINGTON TOWN REGISTRATION SUB-DISTRICT.
Locality.	Measles.	Scarlet Fever.	Diphtheria.	Whooping-Cough	Fever.		Diarrhœa.	Total.	Locality.	Measles.	Scarlet Fever.	Diphtheria.	Whooping-cough.	Fever.		Diarrhœa.	Total.
Locality.	Measles.	Scarlet Fever.	Diphtheria.	Whooping-Cough	Enteric.	Simple Continued.	Diarrhœa.	Total.	Locality.	Measles.	Scarlet Fever.	Diphtheria.	Whooping-cough.	Enteric.	Simple Continued.	Diarrhœa.	Total.

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TABLE X. Return respecting the Vaccination of Children whose births were Registered in 1890.*

DATE.	Registration Sub-Districts comprised in Vaccination Officer's District.	Number of Births returned in Birth List Sheets.	Number of these Births duly entered in Columns 10, 11 and 13 of the Vaccination Register (Birth List Sheets), viz.:				Number of these Births which are not entered in the Vaccination Register, on account (as shewn by Report Book) of
			Column 10 Successfully vaccinated	Column 11.		Column 13 Dead Un-vaccinated.	Postponement by Medical Certificate.	Removal to District the Vaccination Officer of which has been duly apprised.	Removal to places unknown, or which cannot be reached, and cases not having been found.	Cases still under proceedings by summons and otherwise.
			Column 10 Successfully vaccinated	Insusceptible of Successful vaccination.	Had Small-pox.	Column 13 Dead Un-vaccinated.	Postponement by Medical Certificate.			Cases still under proceedings by summons and otherwise.
1890.	1	2	3	4	5	6	8	9	10	11

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SOUTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

LOCALITY.	LICENSEE.

Page 257

NORTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

Page 258

SOUTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

LOCALITY.	LICENSEE.

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NORTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

Page 261

TABLE A. Enumeration Districts .— Being a list of the Streets and Places contained in each of the several Districts, as mapped out by the Registrar, together with the Ecclesiastical Parish (=E .P.) in which each District is comprised, ( vide Table B., page 275) and the Population of the District. KENSINGTON TOWN SUB DISTRICT.

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Continued from previous page...

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Continued from previous page...

Page 275

Numbers I. to XV. are for the most part in the Kensington Town Registration Sub-district : Numbers XVI. to XXVI. are for the most part in the Brompton Sub-district.

Reference Number of Ecclesiastical Parih.	Name of Parish.	Numbers of the Enumeration Districts comprised in the Parish, (vide Table A.)	Number of Inhabited Houses in the Parish.	Population of the Parish.	Average Number of Persons to a House.

Page 276 277

Table C.-SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS RETURNS, 1891. Showing the Number of Separate Families; of Houses; of Tenements of less than Five Rooms: of Males; of Females, and of the Total Population in each of the Enumeration Districts; and the Average Number of Persons to each house.—(Vide Table A. for description of Districts). KENSINGTON-TOWN SUB-DISTRICT.

No. of Enumeration District.	Separate	Houses.			Tenements of less than Five Rooms	Persons.			Average Number of Persons to a House.	No. of Enumeration District.	Separate Families.	Houses.			Tenements of less than Five Rooms	Persons.			Average Number of Persons to a Houses.
No. of Enumeration District.	Separate	Inhabited.	Uninhabited.	Building.	Tenements of less than Five Rooms	Males.	Females	Total.	Average Number of Persons to a House.	No. of Enumeration District.	Separate Families.	Inhabited.	Uninhabited.	Building.	Tenements of less than Five Rooms	Males.	Females	Total.	Average Number of Persons to a Houses.

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Table D. Showing the Number of Persons Enumerated at different Age-periods.

District, and Sub-District.	Totals, All Ages.		Under 1 year.	1 —	2 —	3 —	4 —	Under 5 years.	5 —	10 —	15 —	20 —	25 —	30 —	35 —
District, and Sub-District.	Persons.	Males and Females.	Under 1 year.	1 —	2 —	3 —	4 —	Under 5 years.	5 —	10 —	15 —	20 —	25 —	30 —	35 —

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( a ) ENTIRE PARISH.

All Ages.		Under Five Years.	5 to 15.	15 to 25.	25 to 35.	35 to 45.	45 to 55.	55 to 65.	65 to 75.	75 to 85.	85 to 95.	95 and upwards.	All Ages.

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Kensington 1891

46 tables in this report

The above facts will be more clearly apprehended in the tabular form, as follows:-

The subjoined Table shews the increase of population, and how brought about, in the last three decennial periods:-

Kensington is for some local purposes divided into Wards . The subjoined Table shews the acreage of the Wards, their population as enumerated, and the number of inhabited houses in each, in 1881 and 1891:-

The Rateable Value of Property in the several Wards, at ten-year intervals, between 1851 and 1891, was as follows:-

The subjoined figures illustrate the development of the Parish, in population and wealth, since the beginning of the century:-

Kensington is still in process of development by building. but at a moderate rate compared with past years— lSfil-70, for instance. The following Table, brought up to date, exhibits the growth of the Parish since the Metropolis Local Management Act came into operation in 1856

The increase in all respects within the last twenty years, the period over which my official experience extends, is not inconsiderable, as the subjoined figures shew:-

The subjoined Table shews the quarterly number of births of males and females in each of the sub-districts:-

The subjoined Table shews the quarterly number of deaths of parishioners, males and females, in each of the sub-districts:-

The subjoined Table shews the rate of mortality and the mean temperature of the air in each of thirteen periods of four weeks corresponding with my monthly reports:-

The subjoined table shews the annual death.rate per 1000 persons living in each of the last eleven years, in Kensington, in London, and in England and Wales:.

The subjoined Table shews the deaths from the principal zymotic diseases in 1891, together with the decennial average, etc.:-

The subjoined Table shews the distribution of deaths in Kensington from the principal diseases of the zymotic class, registered in thirteen four-weekly periods, corresponding with my monthly reports:-

Statistics of Scarlet Fever in Kensington in 1891, and in Ten Previous Years.

Scarlet Fever Cases Recorded in Kensington in 1891, and in Ten Previous Years, in Thirteen Four-Weekly Periods.

Summary of Causes of Death.

The deaths occurred in the following institutions, viz

The Hospital Accommodation at the disposal of the Managers, with distribution of beds to the various diseases, was stated in the previous report of the Chairman to be as follows:—

Cases of Infectious Disease notified in 1891, under the provisions of the " Infectious Disease (Notification) Act, 1889."

attained on the 8th December. This number, less by 380 than ir 1890, was distributed amongst the various hospitals, as follows :—

Table shewing Quakterla and Total 'Admissions of Small-Fox and Fever Patients at the Asylums Board Hospitals in 1891, and Population of the several Parishes, Unions, and Districts.

1. With respect to Illuminating Power. The maximum, minimum, and average illuminating power, in standard sperm candles, the statuary standard being 16 candles, was as follows:—

Grains of sulphur per 100 cubic feet of gas; the Parliamentary limit being 17 grains in 100 cubic feet during the months from April to October, and 22 grains from October to April:—

TABLE I. Shewing Population, Inhabited Houses, Marriages, Births, and Deaths, in 1891, and in ten preceding years.

TABLE II Shewing the Annual Birth-rate and Death-rate; Death-rates of Children, and Proportion of Deaths in Public Institutions, in 1000 Deaths, for the year 1891, and ten preceding years.

TABLE III. Deaths registered from all causes in the year 1891. (Exclusive of the Deaths of Non-Parishioners at Public Institutions within the Parish, but inclusive of the Deaths of Parishioners at Public Institutions without the Parish.) For a Summary of this Table see Table Ilia.

TABLE IIIa. Summary of Table III., shewing the number of deaths of parishioners in each Class and Order.

TABLE V. Shewing the Number of Deaths from the Principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class in the ten years 1881-90, and in the year 1891.

TABLE VI. Sanitary Inspectors' Report of the Sanitary Work completed in the year 1891-92.

TABLE VIa. Summary of Monthly Returns of Work done by the Sanitary Inspectors in the year 1891-92.

TABLE VII. Shewing the Death-rate per 1000 persons living; the Annual Rate per 1000 from the principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class; and the proportion of Deaths from these Diseases to total Deaths, in Kensington and in all London, in 1891, and in ten preceding years.

TABLE VIII. Comparative Analysis of the Mortality in all London, and in Kensington, in 1891.

TABLE IX. Shewing the Localities in which fatal cases of the Principal Diseases of the Zymotic class occurred in 1891.

TABLE X. Return respecting the Vaccination of Children whose births were Registered in 1890.*

SOUTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

NORTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

SOUTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

NORTH OF UXBRIDGE ROAD.

Continued from previous page...

Continued from previous page...

Numbers I. to XV. are for the most part in the Kensington Town Registration Sub-district : Numbers XVI. to XXVI. are for the most part in the Brompton Sub-district.

Table D. Showing the Number of Persons Enumerated at different Age-periods.

( a ) ENTIRE PARISH.