London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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London County Council 1895

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1896
Pages
174
Tables
126

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126 tables in this report

  • Page 5
    The population of London was enumerated on the 29th March, 1896, in accordance with the provisions of the Equalisation of Rates Act of 1894, and a more accurate estimate of the population for the middle of each of the years 1891-5 can therefore be made. The following results are thus obtained—
    Population.
    County of London.Administrative County of London.
  • Page 5
    The estimated population of each of the 43 sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1895.Sanitary district.Estimated population. 1895.Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1895.
  • Page 6
    Increase or decrease of population 1891-96, compared with excess of births over deaths in each sanitary district of the administrative county during the five years 1891-95—
    Sanitary district.Population.In the five years, 1891—95.Excess of registered births over deaths, 1891-5.Increase or decrease of population between 1891 and 1896.
    1891.1896.Births.Deaths.Increase.Decrease.
  • Page 6
    Registration County of London.
    Period.Natural increase (excess of births over deaths).Increase of population in the inter-censal periods 1871-81, 1881-91 & 1891-96.
  • Page 7
    Marriages. There were 37,593 marriages in the registration county of London in 1895 (52 weeks), giving an annual rate of persons married of 17.2 per 1,000 living. The marriage rate since 1870 has been as follows—
  • Page 7
    Marriages of minors per cent, of total marriages.
    London.England.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 7
    Marriages of minors in London, 1895.
    Registration districts.Men.Women.Registration districts.Men.Women.
  • Page 7
    Births. The number of births registered in the administrative county of London in 1895 was 134,197, giving an annual birth rate of 30.6 per 1,000 persons living. Since 1870 the birth rate per 1,000 living has been as follows—
  • Page 8
    The corresponding figures for England and Wales were as follows— Birth rates per 1,000 living—England, and Wales.
  • Page 8
    The birth rate in each of the London sanitary districts in 1895 is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Births.Birth rate per 1,000 living.Births per 100 females aged 15-45.
  • Page 9
    Since the year 1870, the London death rate has been as follows —
  • Page 9
    All causes.
    Town.Estimated population, middle of 1395.Crude death rate per 1,000 living.Death rate per 1,000 living (corrected for age and sex distribution).
    1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 9
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the death rate of London with that of several foreign cities— All causes.
    Town.Death rate per 1,000 living.Town.Death rate per 1,000 liring.
    1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 10
    For the purpose of a more precise statement, it is necessary to have regard to the age and sex distribution of the several populations, and to correct each crude death rate by the proper factor; the following table is thus obtained- Crude and corrected death rates1 per 1,000 persons living in sanitary districts of London.
  • Page 10
    The death rates of Battersea, Wandsworth, Hammersmith, Fulham, Stoke Newington, Hackney, Lee, and Plumstead cannot be given for the period 1885-94, as during some portion of this period Battersea was combined with Wandsworth, Hammersmith with Fulham, Stoke Newington with Hackney, and Lee with Plumstead; the death rates of the combined areas for this period, however, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate, 1885-94.Corrected death rate, 1885-94.Comparative mortality figure, 1885-94. [London 1,000.]
  • Page 11
    London mortality in the five years 1891-5 compared with the decennium 1881-90. The following table shows the mean death rates obtaining in London at the several age periods and for each sex in the decennium 1881-90 and the five years 1891-5—
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-95.Difference per cent.Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-95.Difference per cent.
  • Page 11
    The following figures show the decrease in the death rate from "all causes, less diphtheria " in the period 1891-5, compared with 1881-90, for each sex at the age period 5
    Males at age period 5-.Females at age period 5-.
    Mean death rate from all causes, less ciphtheria.Decrease per cent.Mean death rate from all causes, less diphtheria.Decrease per cent.
    1881-90.1891-5.1881-90.1891-5.
  • Page 11
    Table I. Mean future lifetime of males and females in groups of ages (calculated from London life tables, 1881-90.)
    Age groups.Males.Females.Age groups.Males.Females.
    Years.Years.Years.Years.
  • Page 12
    The result of this process is shown in the following table— Table II.
    Age groups.Deaths calculated according to mean rates 1881-90.Mean deaths occurring in the five years 1891-5.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (—) of lives in the five years 1891-5 by fluctuations of mortality.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (—) of "life capital" in the five years 1891-5 by fluctuations of mortality.
  • Page 12
    The infant mortality in London may be compared with that in other English towns having more than 200,000 inhabitants by reference to the following table—
    Towns.1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 13
    The infant mortality in 1895 and in the period 1885-94 in the several London sanitary districts was as follows—
    Sanitary district.Deaths under 1 year of age 1895.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1885-94.1895.
  • Page 13
    Deaths from several classes of disease. The deaths from the several classes of disease registered in the registration county of London (including the lunatic asylums and hospitals for infectious disease belonging to the county) are given by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary of Births, Deaths and Causes of Death, and the following table has been prepared from the figures contained in the summary relating to the year 1895—
    Corrected annual average 1885-94.1895.
  • Page 14
    Principal zymotic diseases—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1885-94.1895.Towns.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 14
    Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 14
    The death rates from the principal zymotic diseases in the several sanitary districts of London in 1895 and the period 1885-94, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1895.Death rate per 1,0(0 living.
    1885—94.1895.1885—94.1895.
  • Page 15
    The death rate from smallpox in successive periods has been as follows—
  • Page 15
    During the complete years in winch the notification of infectious diseases has been obligatory the number of cases of smallpox notified to the medical officers of health in the administrative county has been as fellows—
    Year.Cases notified.Case rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 15
    Smallpox—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1885-94.1895.Towns.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 15
    Smallpox—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1885-94.1895.Towns.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 16
    The cases notified in the administrative county were distributed throughout the year as follows—
    No. of week.Week endingNo. of cases notified.No. of week.Week endingNo. of cases notified.No. of week.Week endingNo. of cases notified.
  • Page 16
    The following table shows the distribution of smallpox throughout the year in the several sanitary districts —
    Sanitary district.Four weeks ended
    Jan. 26.Feb. 23.Mar. 23.Apr. 20.May 18.June 15.July 13.Aug. 10.Sept. 7.Oct. 5.Nov. 2.Nov. 30.Dec. 28.
  • Page 17
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary district.Four weeks ended
    Jan. 26.Feb. 23.Mar. 23.Apr. 20.May 18.June 15.July 13.Aug. 10.Sept. 7.Oct. 5.Nov. 2.Nov. 30.Dec. 28.
  • Page 20
    The following table shows the number of cases of smallpox notified and the deaths attributed to smallpox belonging to the several sanitary districts in 1895, together with the case rate in that year and the death rate in 1895 and in the period 1885-94.
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1895.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1895.Deaths, 1895.Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1885-94.1895.
  • Page 20
    Smallpox and vaccination.
    Age period.Vaccinated.No evidence as to vaccination.†Vaccination cicatrices absent.
    Admissions,Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.
  • Page 21
    Continued from previous page...
    Age period.Vaccinated.No evidence as to vaccination.*Vaccination cicatrices absent.
    Admissions.Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.
  • Page 21
    Smallpox deaths, London—1881-95.
    Age period.All ages.0.11.55.2020.4040.6060.8080 and upwards.
  • Page 21
    " All ages," taken as 100.
    Age period.All ages.0.11.55.2020.4040.6060.8080 and upwards.
  • Page 21
    " Vaccinated" and "no statement" combined.
  • Page 21
    London vaccination returns.
    Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.
  • Page 22
    The following table gives similar information for each of the metropolitan unions for the 1881.93, inclusive— years
    Metropolitan Unions.1881.1882.188S.1884.1885.1886.1887.1888.1889.1890.1891.1892.1893.
  • Page 22
    The death rates per 1,000 living in 1895 and preceding periods have been as follows—
  • Page 23
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1885-94.1895.Towns.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 23
    Measles— Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1885-94.1895.Towns.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 23
    The measles death rate in each sanitary district in 1895 and in the period 1885-94, is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 25
    Scarlet fever.
  • Page 25
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1885-94.1895.Ten years, 1885-94.1895.
  • Page 25
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 26
    Scarlet fever,† 1895.
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Case.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 26
    Scarlet fever case mortality, 1895.
    Month.No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 26
    Scarlet fever case mortality, 1892-5.
    Month.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 27
    Scarlet fever, 1892-95.
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality, per cent.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality, per cent.
  • Page 27
    Scarlet fever. Notified cases, 1892.95.
    Age period.January.February.March.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.
    Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.Cases.Estimated deaths.
  • Page 28
    Continued from previous page...
    Age period.April.May.June.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.
    Cases.Estimated Deaths.Cases.Estimated Deaths.Cases.Estimated Deaths.Cases.Estimated Deaths.Cases.Estimated Deaths.Cases.Estimated Deaths.
  • Page 29
    Scarlet fever—Case-mortality, 1892-95.
    Month.Notified cases.Estimated deaths.Standard case-mortality.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Case-mortality calculated from notified cases and registered deaths.Case-mortality corrected for differences in age and sex distribution.
  • Page 29
    If the number of cases notified in the four weeks which would be most subject to the influence of the holiday, i.e., the 32nd to 35th, be compared with the number of cases notified in the four preceding and four subsequent weeks, be compared with the number of cases notified in the four preceding and four subsequent weeks, the following results are obtained—
    Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—33—1313 and upwards.0—33—1313 and upwards.
  • Page 30
    The following table shows the number of cases and deaths and the case and death rates of eacl district in 1895 and the period 1885-94.
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1895.Case rate per 1,000 1895.Deaths, 1895.Death rate per 1,000
    1885-94.1895.
  • Page 31
    The disease went on steadily, until, at the beginning of the Christmas holidays on December 20th, the following was the state of things—
    Total pupils on school roll.111 with Scarlet Fever.Excluded by teachers.Kept away by parents.Total number absent.
  • Page 32
    Diphtheria.
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 liviiig.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 32
    Diphtheria—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1885-94.1895.Ten years, 1885-94.1895.
  • Page 32
    Diphtheria—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1885-94.1895.Ten years, 1885-94.1895.
  • Page 33
    Diphtheria,11895.
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 33
    The following rates are interesting in view of the fact that anti-toxic serum has been, especially in 1895, employed in the treatment of diphtheria—
    Age-period.Case mortality per cent.
    Males.Females.
    1893.1894.1895.1893.1894.1895.
  • Page 34
    Diphtheria—Case-mortality, 1895.
    No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case-mortality per cent.Mean case-mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 34
    Diphtheria— Case-mortality, 1891-95.
    Cases.Deaths.Case-mortality per cent.Mean case-mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 34
    If the number of cases notified in the four weeks, which would be most subject to the influence of the holiday, i.e., the 32nd-35th, be compared with the number of cases notified in the four preceding and four subsequent weeks, the following results are obtained—
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—33—1313 and upwards.0—33—1313 and upwards.
  • Page 35
    The following table shows for each of the London districts (a) the number of cases and the case rate in 1895; (b) the number of deaths and the death rate in 1895; (c) the death rate in the period 1885-94.
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1895.Case rate per 1,000, 1895.Deaths, 1895.Death rate per 1,000.
    1885-94.1895.
  • Page 36
    The death rates from this disease in 189o and preceding periods were as follows—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 36
    Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1885-94.1895.Ten years, 1885-94.1895.
  • Page 37
    The following table shows the London death rate compared with the death rates of ten foreign cities in 1885-94 and 1895; in the former period the London death rate exceeded that of all the foreign cities and in the latter exceeded the death rates of all but Copenhagen. Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Ten years, 1885-94.1895.Ten years, 1885-94.1895.
  • Page 37
    The deaths and death rates in each sanitary district in 1895, and the mean death rates of the period 1885-94, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1895.Death rates per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1895.Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1885-94.1895.1885-94.1895.
  • Page 39
    The rates in 1895 and preceding periods were as follows— Enteric fever.
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 39
    Enteric fever, 1895.
    Age period.Males.Females;
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 40
    The following table shows the case rates and death rates per 1,000 living in each of the several sanitary districts in 1895, and the mean death rates per 1,000 living in the period 1885-94.
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1895.Case rate per 1,000, 1895.Deaths, 1895.Death rates per 1,000.
    1885-94.1895.
  • Page 42
    The death rates in the several sanitary districts of London, in 1895 and the period 1885-94, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1895.Death rates per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1895.Death rates per 1,000 living.
    1885—94.1895.1885—94.1895.
  • Page 43
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered in the registration county of London during the last five years has been as follows—
    Year.Cases.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths.*Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 43
    The number of cases notified and the case rate per 1,000 living in each sanitary district of the administrative county are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1895.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1895.Sanitary district.Cases, 1895.Case rate per 1,000 living, 1895.
  • Page 44
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered from puerperal fever in each of the last five years is as follows—
    Cases.Deaths.1
  • Page 44
    It these cases and deaths are considered in relation to the total population and total births the following rates are obtained—
    Year.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 births.Death rate1 per 1,000 living.Death rate1 per 1,000 births.
  • Page 44
    The deaths from these diseases since 1889 have been as follows—
    Year.Influenza.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.
    Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.
  • Page 44
    Influenza in 1895 was especially prevalent in the western districts of the administrative county. The influenza death rate in that year in each of the districts is shown in the following table— Influenza.
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1895.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1895.
  • Page 45
    The following table shows the number of deaths from phthisis, and the death rate per 1,000 living in the various sanitary districts in 1895— Phthisis.
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1895.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1895.Death rate per 1,000 living, 1895.
  • Page 45
    The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 48
    The temperature and rainfall in each month of 1895 are shown in the following table—
    Month.Temperature of the Air.Departure from average of 124 years.Rain.
    Highest by Day.Lowest by Night.Mean for Month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
    deg. F.deg. F.deg. F.deg. F.inches.
  • Page 49
    The number of applications tor the licence of slaughterhouses and the number of slaughterhouses licensed is diminishing each year, as will be seen from the following table1—
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of licences granted.
  • Page 49
    These figures must, of course, not be regarded as more than approximations to the numbers actually killed, but to this extent I believe they are trustworthy.
    Animals.Average number killed weekly.
    1892.1895.
    Winter.Summer.Winter.Summer.
  • Page 56
    The rates of mortality in the area represented are shown by the medical officer ot health of the district to be as follows—
    1891.1892.1893.1894.
  • Page 56
    The estimate ot the cost of the scheme is as follows—
  • Page 57
    Proceedings in respect oj houses represented as unfit for human habitation. The following tabular statement shows the procedure of district authorities as to houses represented as unfit for human habitation, and concerning which the Council has received copies of representations from the 1st January to the 31st December, 1895—
    Local Authority.Total number of house? concerning which the Council has received information that representations have been made from the 1/1/95 to the 31/12/95.Number of houses closed, demolished or improved by owners without Magisterial intervention.Number of houses for which closing orders were granted.Number of houses for which closing orders were refused.Number of houses outstanding or concerning which proceedings are in progress.
    Closed.Demolished.Improved.Total.Subsequently demolished.Subsequently improved.No further action.Total.
  • Page 59
    The following table shows the number of common lodging-houses in each district, and the authorised number of lodgers at the end of 1895, and also the number of common lodging-houses registered by the Council during the year—
    Number ot common lodging-houses.Authorised number of lodgers.Number of houses registered by the Council in 1895.
  • Page 60
    Continued from previous page...
    Number of common lodging houses.Authorised number of lodgers.Number of houses registered by the Council in 1895.
  • Page 66
    Water supply. The report of the water examiner appointed under the Metropolis Water Act, 1871, supplies the following information as to the capacity of the subsidence reservoirs and the monthly average rate of filtration of the several water companies in 1895—
    Number of days' supply.Monthly rate of filtration per square foot per hour.
    Mean monthly average. Gallons.Maximum monthly average. Gallons.
  • Page 72
    The following table shows the estimate of population on the 6th of April, 1895, and the amount of excess of contribution over grant or of grant over contribution in respect of each district for each of the half-years ended 30th September, 1895, and 31st March, 1896, respectively—
    Sanitary District.Estimated population, 6th April, 1895.Equalisation charge, being excess of contribution orer grant.Net grant, being excecs of grant over contribution.
  • Page 73
    The following tab! been elected in accordar end of 1895— e indicates those Londo ice with the above pro\ n districts m which the me rision of the Public Health dical officer ot health has (London) Act, up to the
    District.District.District.District.
  • Page 73
    Sanitary districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855.
  • Page 74
    The following table shows the month in which the reports for the year were
    No. of reports.No. of reports.
  • Page -
    Return showing particulars of replies received from Medical Officers of Health as to the Methods of Disinfection adopted in the several sanitary districts within the County of London.
    No.Parish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether , disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is produced.Arrangements made where no oven has been provided.Whether any chemicals used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.remarks.
  • Page -
    Return of Replies from District Medical Officers of Health—continued.
    No.Parish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is produced.Arrangements made where no oven has been provided.Whether any chemicals used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.remarks.
  • Page -
    Return of Replies from District Medical Officers of Health—continued.
    No.Parish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is produced.Arrangements made where no oven has been provided.Whether any chemicals used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelter has been provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Return of Replies from District Medical Officers of Health—continued.
    NoParish or District.Whether Sanitary Authority has provided disinfecting oven.Where oven is Situated.Whether disinfection effected by dry heat or steam.Manner in which dry heat is producedArrangements made where no oven has been providedWhether any chemical used in connection with the oven.Length of time feather bed of average size is retained in oven, and highest temperature in centre of bed.Arrangements made for removal of infected articles to and from oven.Method adopted for disinfecting houses.Disinfectant recommended for disinfection of excreta.Whether charge is made for disinfection.Whether shelterhasbeen provided as required by Section 60 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.Diseases after which Authority carries out disinfection.Remarks.
  • Page -
    The annexed table compares the birth rate and marriage rate ot Lambeth in the years island 4, with the corresponding rates in London—
    Birth rate.Marriage rate.
    Lambeth.London.Lambeth.London.
  • Page -
    The following table compares the death rate in Lambeth from all causes and from the principal zymotic diseases with the corresponding figures for London as a whole—
    Deaths from all causes per 1,000 living.Deaths from principal zymotic diseases per l,0OO living.
    Lambeth.London.Lambeth.London
  • Page -
    Lambeth is divided into eight sub-districts tor registration purposes ; the following table relating to the area, houses and population in these sub-districts is abstracted from the 1891 census report—
    Sub districts of Lambeth registration district.Area in statute acres.Houses.Population.
    Inhabited.UninhabitedBuilding.Inhabited.Uninhabited.Building.Persons.Males.Females.
    1881.1691.1881.1891.1881.1891.1881.1891.
  • Page -
    It now appears desirable to learn to what extent the figures for all Lambeth are followed in the case of the four inner and four outer sub-districts. The material upon which such a comparison can be based is not furnished in the census return. By the kindness of Dr. Tatham, the Superintendent of Statistics of the General Register Office, I have been able, however, to obtain the necessary figures. It has thus been possible to prepare the annexed table:—
    Population.One-room tenements.Two-room tenements.Three-room tenements.Four-room tenements.Percentage of population living in overcrowded tenements of less than five rooms.
    Number of occupiers of over-crowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.Number of occupiers of overcrowded tenements.Percentage of total population in overcrowded tenements.
  • Page -
    It is necessary now to refer to the death rates in registration sub-districts of Lambeth. From Dr. Verdon's annual reports I am able to obtain since 1888 the deaths in sub-districts corrected by the distribution to their proper districts of deaths occurring in public institutions. The annexed table shows the mortality rates which are deduced from these figures—
    Average 1888-91.1892.1893.
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    A comparison of the results with those obtained last year in the two East End districts already referred to is instructive. The following table has been prepared to exhibit the number of defects of certain different kinds found per 100 houses visited in Lambeth and in Whitechapel and Mile End Old Town-
    Total number of houses visited.Percentage of houses in which defects were found to exist.Number of instances per 100 houses visited in which defective roofs, yard paving, water closets, traps or rain water pipes were found.Number of instances per 100 houses visited in which there was no receptacle or a broken receptacle for dust, or in which an undue accumulation of dust was found to exist on the premises.Number of instances per 100 houses visited in which dirty conditions or dilapidated conditions, other than those already specified, were found.Number of instances of overcrowding per 100 houses visited.
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    The census returns as to the population and number ot inhabited houses in the sub-district of Fulham show that a marked change has been taking place during the last thirty years. The following table gives the figures obtained at each census since 1861—
    Population.Houses (inhabited).
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    The density of the population in Fulham, as measured by the average number of inhabitants per acre and per inhabited house in the census year 1891 and previous censuses, was as follows :—
    Per acre.Per inhabited house.
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    The following figures give the proportion of persons of each sex at different age periods. The figures for London generally are also given:—
    0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75 and upwards
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    The rates from all causes so obtained, as well as those for London generally, have been further corrected for age and sex distribution by the factor given by the Council's medical officer in his annual report.
    Fulham.London.
    Birth rate.Death rate.Deaths under one year old to 1,000 births.Zymotic death rate.Birth rate.Death rate.Deaths under one year old to 1,000 births.Zymotic death rate.
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    The following comparison can be made between the numbers in the four years.
    1889.1893.1894.1895.
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    The number of sanitary inspectors (including temporary officers) and the number of houses and population, to each sanitary inspector, in each district is shown in the following table—
    Number of Sanitary Inspectors.Average number of houses to each Sanitary Inspector, 1895.Average number of inhabitants to each Sanitary Inspector, 1895.
    Permanent.Temporary.Total.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Number of Sanitary Inspectors.Average number of houses to each Sanitary Inspector, 1895.Average number of inhabitants to each Sanitary Inspector, 1895.
    Permanent.Temporary.Total.
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    Districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855—
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    Return of replies received from Medical Officers of Health of the several districts as to number of sanitary inspectors and particulars of their appointments and duties. The population and number of houses in each district are those obtained for the purposes of the Equalisation of Rales Act.
    Yestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.N umber of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6tli April, 1395.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Trescnt Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nai ur oi such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1891.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspcctcr.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Eated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.N umber of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1896.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.Number of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if so, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Vestry or District Board.Rateable Value, 6th April, 1895.Population, 6th April, 1895.Rated houses, 6th April, 1895.Number of Inspectors at date of last return, 10th Dec., 1894.N umber of Inspectors at present time.Date of appointment of each Inspector.Present Salary.Whether Inspectors limited to the performance of any particular duty, if bo, nature of such duty.Remarks.
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    Sanitary Districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855.
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    Tabular Statement showing whether By-laws and Regulations have been made by the several sanitary authorities under the sections of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, which confer obligatory or permissive powers for this purpose; or whether regulations dealing with the same subject had been made before 1891 under preceding acts.
    Sanitary District.By-laws which Authority "shall" make.Provision as to cubic air space.Number of houses on register regulated at the present time.By-laws which Authority "may" make.Regulations which Authority may make.
    16 (1.) Various nuisances.39 (2.) Supply of water to water closets.50. Cleansing of cisterns.94. Houses let in lodgings.451 (a.) Conduct of persons using Public sanitary conveniences.66. Removal to hospital.88. Mortuaries.95. Tents and vans.90. Management of post mortem rooms.45 1 (a.) Management of public sanitary conveniences.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary District.By-laws which authority "shall" make.Provision as to cubic air space.Number of houses on register regulated at the present time.By-laws which Authority "may" make.Regulations which Authority may make.
    16 (1.) Various nuisances.39 (2.) Supply of water to water closets.50. Cleansing of cisterns.94. Houses let in lodgings.45 1 (a.) Conduct of persons using public sanitary conveniences66. Removal to hospital.88. Mortuaries.95. Tents and vans90 Management of post mortem rooms.45 1 (a.) Management of public sanitary conveniences.