London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

View report tables

Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1931

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1932
Pages
94
Tables
72

This page requires JavaScript

72 tables in this report

  • Page -
    The following table shows the progressive decline which has taken place since 1861 in the number of inhabitants who reside within the City boundaries, and the progressive increase in the number of workers who are daily employed in the City:—
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 9
    CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT, DEATH DURING THE YEAR 1931.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the district.Total Deaths whether of "Residents" or "Non-Residents " in Institutions in the District.
    All ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and upwards.
  • Page 10
    VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1931 AND PREVIOUS FIVE YEARS. Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable DeathsNett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected number.Nett.
    of Nonresidents registered in the District.of Residents not registered in the District.Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate.
    Number.Rate.
    Number.Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number.Rate.
    12345678910111213
  • Page 10
    VACCINATION STATISTICS IN THE CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious objections
  • Page 14
    CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND TUBERCULOSIS NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1 £31 •
    DISEASESAt Ages—Years.No. of Cases Removed toHospital.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 year and under 2 years.2 years and under 3 years.3 years and under 4 years.4 years and under 5 years.5 years and under 10 years.10 years and under 15 years.16 years and under 20 years.20 years and under 35 years.35 years and under 45 years.45 years and under 65 years.65 years and over
  • Page 18
    The following table sets out the number of cases both of Pulmonary and Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis, which were brought to my notice during the year 1931, and also the total number of deaths from Tuberculosis among City residents during the same period:—
    Age Periods.New Cases.Deaths.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.N on - Pulmonary.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 19
    RETURN SHOWING THE WORK OF THE DISPENSARY DURING THE YEAR 1931. CITY RESIDENTS.
    Diagnosis.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Total.Grand Total.
    Adults.Children.Adults.Children.Adults.Children.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 19
    NON-RESIDENTS.
    Diagnosis.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Total.Grand Total.
    Adults.Children.Adults.Children.Adults.Children.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 20
    SUPPLEMENTARY ANNUAL RETURN SHOWING IN SUMMARY FORM (A) THE CONDITION AT THE END OF 1931 OF ALL PATIENTS REMAINING ON THE DISPENSARY REGISTER ; AND (B) THE REASONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ALL CASES WRITTEN OFF THE REGISTER. THE TABLE IS ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE YEARS IN WHICH THE PATIENTS WERE FIRST ENTERED ON THE DISPENSARY REGISTER AS DEFINITE CASES OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION AT THAT TIME. A.—PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
    Condition at the time of the last record made during the year to which the Return relates.Previous to 1926.1926.1927.1928.1929.1930.1931.
    Class T.B. minus,Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Clais T.B. plus.Class T.B minus.Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus-Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.
    Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.b. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Grouo 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).
  • Page 21
    B.-NON-PU LMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. SUPPLEMENTARY ANNUAL RETURN SHOWING IN SUMMARY FORM (A) THE CONDITION AT THE END OF 1931 OF ALL PATIENTS REMAINING ON THE DISPENSARY REGISTER; AND (B) THE REASONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ALL CASES WRITTEN OFF THE REGISTER.
    B.-NON-PU LMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. SUPPLEMENTARY ANNUAL RETURN SHOWING IN SUMMARY FORM (A) THE CONDITION AT THE END OF 1931 OF ALL PATIENTS REMAINING ON THE DISPENSARY REGISTER; AND (B) THE REASONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ALL CASES WRITTEN OFF THE REGISTER.
    Condition at the time of the last record made during the year to which the Return relates.Previous to 1926.1926.1927.1928.1929.1930.1931.
    Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.
  • Page 22
    PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1930. PART 1. Summary of Notifications during the period from the 28th December, 1930, to the 2nd January, 1932.
    Age PeriodsFormal Notifications.
    Number of Primary Notifications of new cases of Tuberculosis.Total Notifications.
    0-1-5- 10- 15- 20-25-35-45-55-65-Total (all ages)
  • Page 22
    PART II.SUPPLEMENTAL RETURN. New cases of Tuberculosis coming to the knowledge of the Medical Officer of Health during the above-mentioned period otherwise than by formal notification.
    Age periods0-1-5- 10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-Total
  • Page 22
    The source or sources from which information as to the above-mentioned cases was obtained should be stated below:—
    Source of Information.No. of Cases.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
  • Page 22
    PART III. NOTIFICATION REGISTER.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Total Cases.
    MalesFemalesTotalMalesFemalesTotal
  • Page 25
    RETURN RELATING TO ALL PERSONS WHO WERE TREATED AT THE TREATMENT CENTRE AT ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st DECEMBER, 1931
    Syphilis.Soft Chancre.Gonorrhoea.Conditions other than venereal.Totals.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.Totals.
  • Page 26
    Return relating to all persons who were treated at the Treatment Centre at St Bartholomew's Hospital during the year ended the 31st December, 1931.— continued.
    Under I year.1 and under 6 years.5 and under 15 years.15 years and over.Totals.
  • Page 28
    SUMMARY OF MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS DURING THE YEAR 1931.
    SUMMARY OF MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS DURING THE YEAR 1931.
    Month of the Year 1931.Place.3456789101112
    Rainfallmm.Metric tons per square kilometre.
    Insoluble matter.Soluble matter.Total solids.Included in soluble matter.
    Tar.Carbonaceous other than tar.Ash.Loss on ignition.Ash.Sulphates (S03).Chlorine (CI).Ammonia (NH3),
  • Page 29
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 47 Y EARS— 1885-1931.
    YEARWoking.*ManchesterGlasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.City of London.Sneffield.Bradford.W. Norwood.Hendon Park.Pontypridd.Bristol.Ipswich.Edinburgh.Brighton.Guernsey.Nottingham.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 34
    AMOUNTS OF HOME-KILLED MEAT SEIZED AT SMITHFIELD ON ACCOUNT OF DISEASE, AND THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE.
    Beef.Mutton.Pork.Veal.
    Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Deer.Goat.Tongues.Lungs.Mesenteries.Plucks.Heads.
  • Page 34
    The number of private slaughterhouses in which meat intended for export to Britain was prepared has been very largely reduced in order to ensure better supervision.
    IRELANDBeef.Mutton.Pork.Veal.
  • Page 35
    From those consignments the amount of food taken for unsoundness is given in Tables Nos. l6 and 17. lhe following table shows the amount of food taken for disease:—
    Pieces.
    Quarters of Beef.Carcases of Mutton.Quarters of Mutton.Carcases of Pork.Beef.Mutton,Pork.BeetMutton.Pork.
    1930.1931,1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930,1931.
  • Page 35
    DISEASE.Beef. Quarters.Mutton. Carcases.Mutton. QuartersPork. Carcases.Mutton. Pieces.
  • Page 35
    The amount of unsound food taken by the inspectors is shown in Tables Nos. 16 and 17, and the amount of diseased food is shown in the following Table, viz.:—
    DISEASE.Beef. Quarters.Mutton. Carcases.Mutton. Quarters.Pork. Carcases.Mutton. Pieces.Pork. Pieces.
    1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.
  • Page 35
    For particulars as to unsound food, vide Tables Nos. 16 and 17. The amount of diseased meat taken is here shown:—
    Beef. QuartersMutton. Carcases.Mutton. Sides.Pork. Carcases.Mutton. Pieces.
    1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.1931.1930.
  • Page 36
    For quantities of unsound food taken, vide Tables Nos. 16 and 17. The amount of diseased meat seized was:—
    Beef. Quarters. 193l. 1930.Mutton. Carcases. 1931. 1930.Pork. Carcases. 1931. 1930.
  • Page 37
    LEADENHALL MARKET AND CITY SHOPS. The Leadenhall Market and City Shops have been systematically inspected during the year, and the following table shows the amount and variety of unsound food dealt with:—
  • Page 37
    UNSOUND MEAT, ETC., REMOVED FROM COLD STORES.
    Article.No.How Packed. JOrigin.Cause for Destruction.Tons.Cwts.Qrs.Lbs.
  • Page 38
    Unsound Meat, Etc., Removed from Cold Stores.— continued.
    Article.No.How Packed.Origin.Cause for Destruction.Tons.Cwts.Qrs.Lbs.
  • Page 39
    SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS SURRENDERED TO OR SEIZED BY MEAT INSPECTORS IN THE CITY OF LONDON FOR DISEASED CONDITIONS, 1931.
    Beef in lbs.Mutton in lbs.Pork in lbs.Veal in lbs.Venison in lbs.Bacon in lbs.Offal in lbs.Number of Poultry.
  • Page 39
    SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS SURRENDERED TO OR SEIZED BY MEAT INSPECTORS IN THE CITY OF LONDON FOR UNSOUND CONDITIONS, 1931.
    Countries.Beef in lbs.Lamb in lbs.Pork in lbs.Veal in lbs.Venison in lbs.Goat in lbs.Bacon in lbs.Offal in lbs.Game.Tinned.Cheese in lbs.Fish in lbs.
    Furred.Feathered.Milk.Meat.
  • Page 40
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1930 and 1931.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1930.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1930.Meat delivered at the Market, 1931.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1931.
    Tons.cwts.qre.Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qre.Tons.cwts.qre.
  • Page 40
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 57 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Unsound Meat.
    Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 41
    MONTHLY FISH RETURNS. * Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and Percentage of Fish Condemned to that delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off thatplace, during each month of the year 1931.
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.wts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qre.
  • Page 41
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish Seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1931 and the five years 1926—1930.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
  • Page 43
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Description of Packages.Where from.General Range of Weight of Packages.Quantity.
  • Page 44
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Description of Packages.Where from.General Range of Weight of Packages.Quantity.
  • Page 46
    SUMMARY OF SUMMONSES AND OFFENCES.
    Section of Regulations.OFFENCE.Market Carriers.Market Porters.Multiple Butchers.Small Butchers.Street Butchers.Private Cars.Hotel and Restaurant Proprietors.
    192919301931192919301931192919301931192919301931192919301931192919301931192919301931
  • Page 48
    The following table shows the percentage of fat content in each of the 204 samples of milk examined. Five of this number contained fat in amounts below the point which presumes adulteration, i.e., 3 per cent. The average percentage of fat was 3.6.
    Percentage of Fat.No. of Samples.Percentage of Fat.No. of Samples.
  • Page 50 51
    ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION REGARDING ADULTERATION OR OTHER IRREGULARITY.
    Serial No.Article.Whether Formal or Informal.Nature of Adulteration or Irregularity.Observations.Results of Proceedings or other Action taken
  • Page 52 53
    ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION REGARDING ADULTERATION OR OTHER IRREGULARITY— continued.
    Serial No.Article.Whether Formal or Informal.Nature of Adulteration or Irregularity.Observations.Results of Proceedings or other Action taken.
  • Page 54
    Formal and Informal Samples Submitted for Analysis.
    Article.Number Examined.Number Adulterated, etc.Percentage of Adulteration.
    Formal.Informal.Total.Formal.Informal.Total.Formal.Informal.Total.
  • Page 55
    Formal and Informal Samples Submitted for Analysis.
    Article.Number Examined.Number Adulterated, etc.Percentage of Adulteration.
    Formal.Informal.Total.Formal.Informal.Total.Formal.Informal.Total.
  • Page 56
    THE FOOD AND DRUGS (ADULTERATION) ACT, 1928, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (PRESERVATIVES, ETC., IN FOOD) REGULATIONS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (CONDENSED MILK) REGULATIONS, 1923 AND 1927, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (DRIED MILK) REGULATIONS, 1923 AND 1927 AND THE ARTIFICIAL CREAM ACT, 1929. RESULTS OF PROSECUTIONS.
    Sample.Nature and extent of Adulteration.Result.
  • Page 56
    The following specimens produced no animal lesions, the guinea-pigs, killed after five weeks, being found healthy.
    Number of Specimen.Dirt.Number of Specimen.Dirt.
  • Page 58
    For purposes of comparison the following summary of results obtained since the examination of milk on arrival in the City was first commenced in 1904 is here inserted.
    Year.Percentage showing Tuberculous Infection.Year.Percentage showing Tuberculous Infection.
  • Page 58
    TABLE OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS OCCURRING AT THE ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH, BEARSTED HOUSE, HUTCHISON STREET, AND DUTTON HOUSE, NEW STREET, DURING THE YEAR 1931.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined ages.
    Males.Females.At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 55 and under 1515 and under 2525 and under 6565 and upwards.
  • Page 59
    RECORD OF ATTENDANCES AT THE BATHS, ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS.
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 59
    WEST DISTRICT—Inspector F. J. Robbins.
    Month.Premises Inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements, effected.
  • Page 59
    MIDDLE DISTRICT—Inspector G. H. Fowler.
    Month.Premises Inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 60
    EAST DISTRICT—Inspector G. E. Harrington.
    Month.Premises Inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 60
    THE FOREGOING ARE SUMMARISED AS UNDER:-
    District.Number of Inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 60
    Particulars relating to the registered Lodging-houses in the City now on the Register are given in the accompanying table:—
    District.Number of Houses on Register.Number of Lodgers.Number of Tenements.Average Number of persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 61
    In addition to the foregoing, there are twelve blocks of Dwellings let out in tenements, but not placed on the Register for the reason that each holding is "self-contained," it having been decided in a Court of Law that in these circumstances they are not subject to the Bye-laws for houses let in lodgings, or occupied by members of more than one family:—
    Name and situation of Artizans' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.ThreeRooms.Four Rooms.Five Rooms or over.
  • Page 64
    The number of factories, Workshops and Workplaces at present Registered is as follows:—
    Registered Places.Workrooms, &c., in Registered Places.
  • Page 64
    The following is a Summary of Inspections of separate workrooms, &c., during the year:—
    Workshop InspectorsWoman Inspector.Totals.
  • Page 64
    The following is a Summary of Inspections of separate workrooms, since 1922:— FACTORIES.
    Workshop Inspectors.Woman Inspector.Totals.
  • Page 65
    The following is a Summary of Inspections of separate workrooms, since 1922:— FACTORIES.
    Workshop Inspectors.Woman Inspector.Totals.
  • Page 66
    The following figures show the number of Outworkers notified since 1902:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 67
    SUMMARY OF WORK DONE UNDER THE FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (LONDON) ACT, 1891, &c.
    INSPECTIONS.East District.Middle District.West District.Totals.
  • Page 68
    Continued from previous page...
    FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, WORKPLACES.KITCHENS OF RESTAURANTS, &c.KITCHENS OF LICENSED PREMISES.Totals.
    DEFECTS REMEDIED.East District.Middle District.West District.East District.Middle District.West District.East District.Middle District.West District.
  • Page 70
    3.—Home Work.
    NATURE OF WORK.1OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFKCTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110).
    Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists.†Out workers.†Lists.Outworkers.
    ContractorWorkmenContractorWorkmen
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 71
    4.— Registered, Workshops.
    Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of the year.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 71
    5.— Other Matters.
    Class.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 72
    The following tabulation shows the work carried out at the Mortuary and Coroner's Court during the past five years:—
    Year.Articles disinfected.Bodies received at the Mortuary.Inquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 72
    The following table gives the details of the work of disinfection carried out at the Disinfecting Station during the vear in connection with the export trade:—
    Number of Certificates issued.Number of articles disinfected.Fees received by the Corporation.
  • Page 74
    RATS AND MICE (DESTRUCTION) ACT, 1919. Summary Showing Investigations and Inspections Made and Details of Work Carried Out under the Above Act, for the Year ended December 31st, 1931.
    Months.No. of Buildings Inspected.Average No. of Firms in building.No. of premises Rat Infested.Total No. of Firms interested.Steps taken to destroy Rats.Rat Proofing done, Rat-holes stopped, & c.Drainage and Sewerage Work carried out during the year.Legal ProceedingsSpecial Observations. Complaints or Applications for Advice.
    Rat-Catcher Employed.Poison Used.Wire Traps.Breakbacks.Varnish Traps.Other Traps.Cats or Dogs kept.By City Engineer's Department.By M.O.H. Department.
  • Page 78
    APPENDIX A.—STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 79
    STREET LISTS OF MORT ALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 80
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY— continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 81
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY — continued .
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks
  • Page 82
    APPENDIX B.—LIST OF CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE OTHER THAN TUBERCULOSIS, 1931. STREET LISTS.—COMPILED FROM NOTIFICATIONS RECEIVED.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 83
    LIST OF CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE OTHER THAN TUBERCULOSIS, 1931. STREET LISTS.—COMPILED FROM NOTIFICATIONS RECEIVED— continued.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.