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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Poplar 1929

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Poplar, Metropolitan Borough]

Published
1930
Pages
182
Tables
142

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142 tables in this report

  • Page 5
    The numbers of deaths of Poplar residents in the first quarters of 1929 and preceding five years are shown below
  • Page 9
    SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS.
    TotalM.F.
  • Page 10
    Early in the year 1930, the Registrar-General supplied the following information relating to Births registered in the year 1929:—
    RegisteredInward Transfers.Outward Transfers.Nett.
  • Page 11
    Deaths during 1929 in the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar, classified according to certain localities. (Old Table.)
    Names of localities adopted for the purpose of these statistics ; public institutions being shown as separate localities.1st Quarter2nd Quarter3rd Quarter4th QuarterTotal.
  • Page 12
    TABLE I. Vital Statistics during 1929 and Previous Years. (Old Table.)
    Year.Population estimated to middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the Borough.Transferable Deaths. +Nett Deaths belonging to the Borough,
    Uncorrected Number.Nett.
    Of Non-residents registered in the Borough.Of Residents not registered in the Borough.Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate.Number.*Rate.
    Number.*Rate per 1000 Nett Births.Number. *Rate.
  • Page -
    The following table, compiled and furnished by the Registrar-General, is inserted at the request of the Ministry of Health (vide Circular 939 (England) ).
    Causes of Death.Sex.All Ages0—1 —2—5—15—25—45—65——75
  • Page 13
    TABLE III. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1929. Nett Deaths from stated Causes in Weeks and Months under One Year of Age.
    Causes of DeathUnder 1 week.1-2 weeks.2-3 weeks.3-4 weeks:Total under 1 month.1-3 months.3-6 months.6-9 months.9-12 months.Nett total Deaths under 1 year.
    Poplar.Bow and BromleyWhole Borough
  • Page 14
    INFANT MORTALITY. There were 230 deaths of children under one year of age, the death rate per 1,000 births for the past 22 years being:—
    Borough of Poplar.County of London.
  • Page 15
    TABLE IV. Birth-rate, Death-rate, and Analysis of Mortality During the Year 1929.
    Bibthrate per 1,000 Total Population.Annual Death-rate per 1,000 Population.Rate per 1,000 Births.Percentage of Total Deaths.
    All Causes.Enterio Fever.Smallpox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Whooping Cough.Diphtheria.Influenza.Violence.Diarrhœa and Enteritis (under 2 years).Total Deaths under One Year.Certified by Registered Medical PractitionersInquest Cases.Certified by Coroner after P.M. No Inquest,Uncertified Causes of Death.
    Live BirthsStillbirths.
  • Page 16
    TABLE V. (1929).
    Cities and Bokouohs.Estimated population to the middle of year.Births. Annual rate per 1,000 persons living.Death. rate per 1,000 living.Deaths of Infants under one year to 1,000 births.
  • Page 17
    (These summaries are inserted for comparison with those shorvn in previous reports.)
    1924.1925.1926.1927.1928.1929.
  • Page 17
    Deaths from Various Diseases.
    Disease.1924.1925.1926.1927.1928.1929.
  • Page 18
    TABLE VI. Total Deaths (at all ages) in Public Institutions within the Borough. (Residents and Non-Residents included.)
    Causes of Death.Poplar Institution,St. Andrew's Hospital.Bow Institution.Bromley House Institution.Poplar Hospital.Total deaths in Public Institutions within the Borough.
  • Page 19
    The following deaths have been included in the Mortality Statistics of the Borough, in accordance with the Registrar-General's rules relating to "Transferable Deaths".
  • Page 20
    Analysis of the 92 deaths classified to Suicide and other deaths from Violence (International Short List Headings Nos. 29 and 30):—
  • Page 21
    MORTUARY. The number of bodies deposited in the Mortuary, Cottage Street Poplar, during the year was 460:—
    Residents.Non-Residents.*
  • Page 23
    Mr. G. Butler, Clerk to the Guardians, has kindly supplied the following information:—
    Outdoor Relief.Medical Relief Only.
    No. of persons.Cost.No. of persons.
  • Page 24
    Poplar Districts.
    District Medical Officer.Medical District.Number of Entries.
  • Page 24
    Bow Districts.
  • Page 35
    Copy of a Return to the London County Council.
    Premises.No. in Borough on 31st December 1929.No. of Inspections.No. of Prosecutions.
  • Page 35
    Smoke Nuisances.
  • Page 35
    Cleansing and Disinfection.
  • Page 35
    Water Supply to Tenement Houses.
  • Page 35
    Sanitary Officers.
    Male.Female.
  • Page 37
    Summary for the Year 1929.
  • Page 38
    Work of Lady Sanitary Inspector. Tabulated statement of Inspections, of Insanitary Conditions found existing, and of Reinspections, etc., during the year 1929.
    Poplar.Bow and Bromley.Totals.
  • Page -
    DISTRICT SANITARY INSPECTORS WORK, Etc. Tubulated Statement of Inspections, Insanitary Conditions found existing, and Re-inspections during the year 1929.
    East CombinedW est CombinedPoplar SouthBromley NorthBromley CentralBow EastBow WestTotals 1929Totals 1928.
  • Page 39
    HOUSES DIVIDED INTO SEPARATE TENEMENTS, ETC. Report of Inspector—Year 1929.
  • Page 40
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 40
    The following infringements of the Bye-laws were dealt with:—
  • Page 41
    FACTORY AND WORKSHOPS ACTS. Table A. Table giving number and inspections, etc., of Bakehouses, Laundries, Workshops, Workplaces, places where food is prepared, Milk premises, Cowsheds, Slaughterhouses, Offensive Businesses, Ice Cream premises, and Homeworkers' premises.
    Premises.On Register during year 1929.Number of Inspections.Number of Intimations.Number of Notices.Number of Final Notices.Number of Prosecutions.
    Male.Female.Total.
  • Page 42
    Table B. Workshops on Register (Male), 1929.
  • Page 43
    Workshops and Domestic Workshops on Register (Females).*
  • Page 43
    Factories on Register (where Females are Employed).
  • Page 44
    Factories on Register (where Females are Employed).—contd.
  • Page 45
    Table C. See note, page 43. Factories, Workshops, Laundries, Workplaces and Homeworkers 1.—INSPECTION.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
  • Page 45
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND* (Corresponding figures for 1928 are shown in italics).
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 46
    Table D.—Home Work.
    Nature of Work.Outworkers' List (Section 107).Outwork in unwholesome premises. (Section 108).Outwork in infected premises, (Sections 109, 110).
    Lists received from Employers.Notice served on Occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.Prosecutions.
    Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110,
    Twice in the year.Once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of list.Failing to send lists.
    Lists.Outworkers.Lists.Outworkers
    Contractors.Workmen .Contractors .Workmen.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 47
    LIST OF OUTWORKERS, FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901 (S. 107).
    Class of Homework.1929 Number of Lists received.Number of Addresses of Outworkers.
    Due Feb. 1st.Due Aug. 1st.Forwarded to other Authorities.Received from other Authorities.
    No. of Lists.No. of Outworkers.No. of Lists.No. of Outworkers.Due Feb. 1.Due Aug. 1.Due Feb.1.Due Aug. 1.
  • Page 47
    Table E. Registered Workshops and Workplaces.
    Workshops and Workplaces, etc., on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the year.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 47
    Table F.
    Clasa.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 51
    Summary.
  • Page 52
    Expenditure.
    £s.d.
  • Page 53
    CANAL BOATS ACTS. For the year ended 31st December, 1929, the inspections and reports of the Inspectors were as follows:—
    Registered boats.Non-Registered boats.
  • Page 54
    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. (Public Health (London) Act, 1891, Metropolis Management Acts, etc.)
    Address.Nature of Complaint.Date of Decision.Result.Inspector.
  • Page 55
    LEGAL PROCEDINGS-(continued). (Public Health (London) Act, 1891, Metropolis Management Acts, etc.)
    Address.Nature of Complaint.Date of Decision.Result.Inspector.
  • Page 56
    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS—(continued). (Public Health (London) Act, 1891, Metropolis Management Acts, etc.)
    Address.Nature of Complaint.Date of Decision.Result.Inspector.
  • Page 57
    Section IV. HOUSING CONDITIONS. Housing Accommodation provided during 1929. The number of families re-housed during the past year was as follows:—
    Families accommodated .Number of persons (approx.)
  • Page 57
    Statistics. Year Ended December, 1929. 1.—General .
  • Page 58
    Continued from previous page
  • Page 58
    2.—Unfit Dwelling-houses.
  • Page 59
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 59
    B. Proceedings under Public Health Acts—
  • Page 68
    (Inspections for 1928 in italics).
    Premises.Inspections.Intimations.Notices.Final Notices.Prosecutions.
  • Page 68
    Number of Samples procured:—
    Formal.Informal.Total.
  • Page 69
    Foodstuffs Inspected for Export.
    Tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 69
    Foodstuffs Destroyed.
  • Page 70
    MR. H. A. PEARCE. (Inspections for 1928 in italics.)
    Premises.Inspections.Intimations.Notices.Final Notices.Prosecution.
    19291928
  • Page 71
    Foodstuffs Inspected fob Export.
  • Page 74
    The adulteration for the past 10 years was as follows:—
  • Page 75
    Preservatives . The following samples were found to contain preservatives:—
    Article.Number examined.Percentage preserved.
  • Page 77
    The results of the analyses of 801 samples were reported to the Committee during the year:—
    Sample.Number examined, 1929.Adulterated.Action taken.
    Legal Proceedings.*Letters of caution sent.
  • Page 78
    Continued from previous page...
    Sample.Number examined, 1929.Adulterated .Action taken
    Legal Proceedings.*Letters of caution sent
  • Page 79
    March Quarter, 1929.
    Sample No.Article.Result of Analysis.Action Taken.
  • Page 80
    June Quarter, 1929.
    Sample No.Article.Result of Analysis.Action Taken.
  • Page 81
    September Quarter, 1929.
    Sample No.Article.Result of Analysis.Action Taken.
  • Page 82
    December Quarter, 1929.
    Sample No.Nature of Sample.Result of Analysis.Action Taken.
  • Page 83
    Milk and Dairies Acts and Order .
  • Page 84
    Public Health (Meat) Regulations, 1924.
  • Page 84
    Proceedings under the above Section were taken as follows:—
    Particulars.Date of Decision.Result.Name of Officer.
  • Page 85
    1.–MILK; AND CREAM NOT SOLD AS PRESERVED CREAM.
    (A) Number of Samples examined for the presence of preservative.(B) Number in which preservative was reported to be present, and percentage of preservative found in each case.
  • Page 85
    The following is the number of premises in the Borough registered under the above-mentioned Acts, up to and including 31st December, 1929, viz.:—
    Margarine. Butter.
    Wholesale Dealer.Manufacturer.Factory.Wholesale Dealer in Milk-blended.
  • Page -
    TABLE III Notifiable diseases during the Year. (52 Weeks ended 28th December, 1929).
    Notifiable Disease.Cases Notified in Whole Borough.Total cases notified in each Sub-District.No. of Cases removed to Hospital from each Sub-District.Total Deaths in Age-Periods.Total deaths in each Sub-District.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.At all Ages.At Ages—Years.
    Under 1.1 to 2.2 to 3.3 to 4.4 to 5.5 to 10.10 to 15.15 to 20.20 to 35.35 to 45.45 to 65.65 and upwards.Poplar.Bow and Bromley.Poplar.Bow and Bromley.Total Cases Removed.Under 1.1 to 2.2 to 3.3 to 4.4 to 5.5 to 10.10 to 15.15 to 20.20 to 35.35 to 45.45 to 65.65 and upwards.Poplar.Bow and Bromley.
  • Page 87
    Cases of the Commoner Infectious Diseases Occurring in Institutions. (This Table does not include cases admitted with the disease.)
    Notifications.Removals.
    Smallpox.ChickenpoxDiphtheria.Erysipelas.Scarlet Fever.Enteric Fever.Zymotic Enteritis.Smallpox.Diphtheria.Erysipelas.Scarlet Fever.Enteric Fever.Zymotic Enteritis.
  • Page 88
    Cases of Notifiable Diseases Treated in Hospitals.
    Disease.M. A. B. HospitalsPoor Law Institutions .General Hospitals etc.Total Removals.Percentage of cases notified.
  • Page 89
    Comparative Mortality.
    Diphtheria.Scarlet Fever.Enteric Fever.
  • Page 92
    TABLE I. Showing Smallpox and Chickenpox Cases Notified during each month. (The Table does not include cases of Chickenpox reported by parents or others.) 1929.
    Month.Smallpox.Chickenpox.
  • Page 94
    Showing the Ages, Sex and Vaccinated State of Cases of Smallpox Notified in Poplar during 1929.
    Ages.Under 5 years.5—10—15—20—35—45—65 and over.All Ages.
  • Page 95
    Age of Rash on Day of Removal.
    Days.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Total.
  • Page 95
    Continued from previous page
  • Page 99
    Number of Visits by Medical Staff.
    Reason for VisitDoubtful Smallpox.Chickenpox.Smallpox Contacts.School exclusions.Miscellaneous.Total visits by medical staff.
    DiagnosisS.P.C.P.Not S.P. or C.P.*S.P.C.P.Not C.P. or S.P.
  • Page 101
    Extract from the Report of the Vaccination Officer, respecting the Vaccination of Children whose Births were registered from 1st January to 31st December, 1928, inclusive:—
    Registration Sub-Districts.Number of Births registered 1st Jan. to 31st Dec., 1928.Number of Births entered by 31st January, 1930, in "Vaccination Register."Number of Births which on 31st January, 1930, remained unentered in "Vaccination Register."Number of Births neither entered in the "Vaccination Register" nor accounted for in Columns 8, 9 and 10.Total number of Certificates of Successful Primary Vaccination of Children under 14 received during the calendar year 1929.Number of Statutory Declarations of Conscientious Objection actually received during the calendar year 1929.
    Col. I Successfully vaccinated .Col. IICol. IV Number in respect of whom Statutory Declarations of Conscientious Objection have been received.Col. V Died unvac-cinated.
    Postponement by Medical Certificate.Removals to Districts the Vaccination Officers of which have been duly apprised.Removals to places unknown, cases not found, etc.
    Insusceptible of Vaccination.Had Small-Pox.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)
  • Page 102
    The following analysis of the Vaccination Return reveals the fact that nearly 84 per cent, of the children whose births were registered in 1928 were not protected by successful vaccination:—
  • Page 103
    The following is a summary of the notifications, etc., during the year:—
    Puerperal Fever.Puerperal Pyrexia.
  • Page 104
    Excluding the cases who died during the year, 34 cases were investigated. The following is a summary of the reports submitted:—
  • Page 105
    The 13 patients suffering from after-effects (excluding those in Institutions) were affected as follows:—
  • Page 106
    The final diagnosis in the 75 Scarlet Fever cases was:—
  • Page 107
    The final diagnosis in the 75 Diphtheria cases was:—
  • Page 107
    CANCER. The number of deaths from Cancer for the last five years is shown below:—
    Year.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 108
    Continued from previous page...
    Number of Heading in International Manual.Site of Primary Growth.Males.Females.Totals.
  • Page 115
    STATISTICS FOR 1929.
  • Page 117
    PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1912. Summary of Notifications received during the period 30th December, 1928, to 28th December, 1929.
    Age Periods.Notifications on Form A.Notifications on Form B.Number of Notifications on Form C.
    Number of Primary Notifications.Total Notifications on Form A.Number of Primary Notifications.Total Notifications on Form B.Form C.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwards .Total Primary Notification)*.Under 55 to 1010 to 15Total Primary Notifications.PoorLaw Institutions.Sanatoria.
  • Page 118
    Supplemental Return. New cases of Tuberculosis coming to the knowledge of the Medical Officer of Health, during the period 30th December 1928, to 28th December, 1929, otherwise than by notification on Form A or Form B under the Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1912.
    Age Periods0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwards.Total case*.
  • Page 119
    Analysis of 21 non-notified cases who died:—
  • Page 120
    PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1924. Summary of Quarterly Returns to the London County Council.
    Quarter ended
    March.June.September.December.
  • Page 120
    Particulars of new cases of Tuberculosis and of all Deaths from the disease:—
    Age Periods.New Cases.Deaths.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 121
    The following table gives the classification of the latter, according to organ or part affected (vide International Manual of Causes of Death).
    Heading in International Manual.Part affected.Number of Deaths.
  • Page 122
    DISINFECTING DEPARTMENT. SUMMARY OF WORK DONE—DISINFECTING DEPARTMENT
    Poplar.Bow and Bromley.Totals.
  • Page 122
    Cleansing Station.
    Poplar.Stepney, etc.Totals.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 123
    Motor Vehicles.
    Vehicle.Speedometer register (miles).Petrol consumption (gallons).Average m.p.g.
  • Page 123
    The production of the solution at a strength of 4 grammes of available chlorine per litre has averaged 148,686 gallons per annum for three years at an average annual cost of £2,464, the cost per gallon thus being approximately 4d.
    Quantity Produced.
    As ManufacturedAs Issued. (i .e., Weaker Solution.)Electricity Consumed.,
    Gallons.Gallons.Units.
  • Page 124
    Distribution of Fluid. The fluid was distributed as follows:—
    galls.
  • Page 125
    Cost of Materials and Electricity. The cost of materials and electricity for manufacturing the electrolytic fluid was as follows:—
    £s.d.
  • Page 126
    The amount of fluid manufactured, and the cost of materials and electricity, in each of the last ten years is shown below:—
    Year.Output, gallons.Materials, Chloride of Magnesium, Salt, Caustic Soda and WaterElectricity.Total.
    £s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 126
    Quantity distributed:—
  • Page 127
    EXTRACT FROM ANNUAL ESTIMATES, ETC.
    Electrolytic Disinfecting Fluid.Estimate for Year ended 31st March, 1929.Expenditure for Year ended 31st March, 1929.Average Expenditure for 3 years ended 31st March, 1929.Estimate for Year ending 31st March, 1930.Estimate for Year ending 31st March, 1931.
    £££££££££
  • Page 129
    Number of Verminous Children Bathed.
    Quarter.Number of Children Cleansed.Total number of Cleansings.Amount.
  • Page 130
    The number of persons from Common Lodging Houses and Seamen's Lodging Houses within and without the Borough of Poplar, cleansed at the Council's Cleansing Station, Glaucus Street, during the year was:—
    Lodging House.Male.Female.Total.
  • Page 131
    The number of attendances at the Centres since their opening in 1920 is shown below:—
    Borough Council.Royal College.
  • Page -
    INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
    Number of cases notified.Number of cases visited.Arrangements made for nursing, and terms.Number of cases nursed.Number of cases removed to Hospital.
  • Page 133
    The following table shows the attendances at each of the Clinics during the year 1929:—
    BowWest Ferry Road.Manchester Road.Simpsons Road.Wel-lington Road.P.H. Dept. Total.Royal College of St. Katharin Total.
  • Page 134
    The following table shows the attendances at each of the Clinics during the year 1929:—
    BowWest Ferry Road.Manchester Road.Simpsons Road.Wel-lington Road.P.H. Dept. Total.Royal College of St. Katharin Total.
  • Page 134
    Total attendances at all Clinics:—
    1929.1928.
  • Page -
    MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE CLINICS.
    Situation .Nature of Accommodation.Clinics.
  • Page 135
    STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF HOME VISITING FOR 1929.
    Public Health Department.The Royal College of St. Katharine.Total 1929.Total 1928.
    Cases.Visits.Cases.Visits.CasesVisits.CasesVisits.
  • Page 138
    The undermentioned table shows the sales of food accessories, simple remedies, and materials for making clothing, which are sold at cost price to mothers attending the clinics and payments at clinics for various services:—
    £s.d.
  • Page 138
    In addition to the foregoing, by arrangement with local chemists, vouchers are issued for certain food accessories, etc., to be supplied by the chemists at cost price. 3,744 such vouchers were issued during the year. Convalescent Treatment, etc.
  • Page 138
    (The following tables refer to the whole Borough.) Statistics Respecting Infants Born in 1928.
  • Page 139
    Continues from previous page...
  • Page 139
    The 2,638 children visited during 1929 and remaining under supervision at the end of their first year of life, were fed during the first six months of life as follows:—
  • Page 139
    The 152 children who died during the first year of life, were fed during the first six months of life as follows:—
  • Page 139
    Below is a statement comparing the mortality rates of children fed by the various methods:—
  • Page 141
    STILLBIRTHS. (This refers to the whole Borough.) 92 Stillbirths were investigated during the year 1929.
  • Page 141
    Mothers who had had previous Stillbirths:—
    One.Two.
  • Page 141
    OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. Fifty-six cases of Ophthalmia Neonatorum were notified during the year:— (This table refers to the whole Borough.)
    Year.Cases.Vision unimpaired.Vision impaired.Total Blindness.Deaths
    Notified.Treated.
    At home.In hospital.
  • Page 142
    Cases Notified and Visited.
  • Page 142
    ZYMOTIC ENTERITIS. Notifiable June—September. (Whole Borough).
  • Page 143
    The following is a summary of visits paid by Nurses during 1929:- (This table refers to the whole Borough.)
    E.L.N.S.St. John Divine.St. Mildred's District Nurse.Totals.
    Cases.Visits.
  • Page 144
    The following table relates to visited children of ages 1 to 5 years:-
    Year of Birth.
    1924.1925.1926.1927.
  • Page 145
    In-Patienis.—The number of cases admitted to the Observation Wards this year was 38. The following is a list of the various kinds of case admitted:—
  • Page 146
    I append the results obtained in the Wards this year:—
  • Page 146
    The results seem gratifying:—
  • Page 147
    Out-Patients.—They form a large part of the work at Wellington Road:—
  • Page 147
    When their difficulties have been elucidated, they return to their own Clinics. Difficulties in breast-feeding were the chief cause for attendance:—
  • Page 147
    The following shows the results obtained:—
  • Page 148
    A list of the different kinds of case may be of interest:—
  • Page 153
    Statistical Summary. January 1st to December 31 st, 1929.
    Bow.Poplar.Totals.
  • Page 153
    The cases have been grouped as follows
  • Page 154
    Continued from previous page...
  • Page 156
    Five hundred and eighty-eight (588) cases were investigated by the Enquiry Officer, and were all reported satisfactory.
    "A.""G."
    lbs.bs.
  • Page 156
    The following is a statement of the special cases (viz., those applicants already receiving milk under the old scale who were over the revised scale) dealt with by the Maternity and Child Welfare Sub-Committee during the year:—
  • Page 156
    The following table shows in comparative form the applications, etc., during the years 1920-28:—
    Year.Applications.Applications granted.Cost (approx) £Orders issued.Cases investigated by I.O. (b).Unsatisfactory cases.
    F resh. Pints).Dried. (Lbs.).