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  STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1922.

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  Vital Statistics. England and Wales, London and Holborn.

  	Annual Rates per 1,000 living.		Deaths under 1 year to 1,000 Births.
  	Births,	Deaths.

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  The figures in the following tables are extracted from the Census lleport, 1921: — Population.

  	Persons.			Males.			Females.
  	1001.	1911.	1921.	1901.	191	1921.	1901.	1911.	1921.

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  Buildings.

  Kind ok Buldiso.	Completed Buildings.		In Course of Erection.	Population.	Total Separate Dwellings.	Total Booms.
  	Containing Dwellings.	Not Containing Dwellings.

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  Number of Tenements. At the Census, 1921, the total number of private families in the Holborn Borough was 9,682 in comparison with 10,584 at the Census, 1911. The following table gives details of the tenements of one, two, three and four rooms:—

  Tenements with	Number of Tenements.		Percentage of all Private Families.		Total Occupants.		Percentage of Population in each group of Tenements.		Average Occupants per room.		Overcrowding
  											No. of 1-4 room Tenements with more than two Occupants per Room.		Number of Occupants of such Rooms.		Percentage of population in such Tenements.
  	1911	1921	1911	1921	1911	1921	1911	1921	1911	1921	1911	1921	1911	1921	1911	1921

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  Occupations. The following is a summary of the principal occupations of Holborn residents over 12 years of age, viz.:—Males, 17,853; Females, 19,652:—

  	Males.	Females.		Males.	Females.

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  The distribution by country of birth was as follows: —

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  The following table gives the number of corrected births and the corrected birth-rates for the fifteen years 1908-1922: —

  Year.	Total Births.		Legitimate Births.			Illegitimate Births.
  	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per1000 of population.	Proportion per 1000 total Registered Births	No.	Bate per 1000 of population.	Proportion per 1000 total Registered Births.

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  Of these deaths the following occurred in Public Institutions, etc., within the urea of the Borough:—

  Institution.	Residents.		Non-Residents.
  	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.p

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  Corrected Deaths and Death-Rates, 1922, compared with 1921.

  Year.	Total Deaths at all ages registered in District.	Deaths in Public Institutions in District.	Deaths of of nonresidents of Borough registered in District.	Deaths of residents registered beyond the District.	Nett Deaths' at all ages.	Death Rate for Borough	Death Rate. Itegistration London.

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  Seasonal Mortality. The mortality in the four quarters of the year is shown below: —

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  Infantile Mortality. The number of deaths of children under one year of age, and the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 corrected births, were the following:—

  Year.	Deaths under 1 year of age.	Deaths under 1 year per 1000 corrected legitimate Births.	Deaths under 1 year per 1000 corrected illegitimate Births.	Deaths under 1 year per 1000 corrected Births.	London.
  					Deaths under 1 year per 1000 Births.

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  Death-rate per 1,000 corrected births in 1922 and in ten preceding years during which details respecting births have been supplied.

  	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919	1920	1921	Av'ge, 1912-21	1922

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  Poor Law and Hospital Relief. The Clerk to the Guardians of the Holborn Union has kindly supplied me with the following information relating to persons from the Holborn Division of the Union who received Poor Law Relief during the vear 1922.

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  Sanitary Inspectors' and Health Visitors' Work, Year 1922.

  	Mr. Bennett	Mr. Clark	Mr. Larard	Miss Charles-worth	Miss Shinnie	Total

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  Continued from previous page...

  	Mr. Bennett	Mr. Clark	Mr. Larard	Miss Charles-worth	Miss Shinnie	Total

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  The total number of notices served for nuisances found in dwelling houses and factories, workshops and workplaces, and premises that are subject to various By-laws, was 1,710. viz.: —

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  The following Table shows the work done to abate nuisances for which intimation notices wore served:—

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  The following Table shows the nuisances for which the 101 Statutory Notices were issued under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.

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  Table showing Conditions in Typical Talement-houses respecting Overcrowding, Accommodation for Washing Clothes, Storing and Cooking Food, &c.

  TYPE OF HOME.	Number of Homes Reported On	Overcrowded			Accommodation for Washing Clothes				Storage for Food				Accommodation for Cooking Food					Lighting of Staircase
  		ExistingBy-laws	Proposed New Bv-law (H.T.P. Act)	Percentage Overcrowded under New By-law	Provided		Not Provided	Percentage Not Provided	Provided		Not Provided		Range	Gas Cooker	Range and Gas Cooker	Open Fire	Percentage with Open Fire only	Natural		Percentage Not-Adequate	Artificial		Percentage Not Provided
  					Satisfactory	Not Satisfactory			Satisfactory	Not Satisfactory
  											No.	Per rentage.						Adequate	Not Adequate		Provided	Not Provided

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  The following firms of rat-catchers carry out work connected with rat repression for owners and occupiers in the Borough at the following rates: —

  	Small Houses 8 rooms.	Stables 10 horses.	Shops small.	Hotels, &e., and large shops.

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  The following summary of their replies will be of interest: — Dirt in Milk, 1922.

  District.	Samples examined for Dirt.	Samples in which Dirt reported.	Amount of Dirt found. Parts per 100,000.	Remarks.

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  In the case or the six samples examined tor organism as set out in (2) and (6) above, the results wore as follows: —

  No.	No. of Organisms per cc grown at 37° C.			Minimal volume containing Bacillus Coli.

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  The number of such places on the register at the end of the year was as follows:—

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  Ice cream is manufactured in the Italian Colony as follows: —

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  In addition ice cream is also manufactured on the following premises:—

  	Mr. Bennett's District.	Mr. Clark's District.	Mr. Larard's District.

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  Unsound Food. The following is a list of unsound food condemned during the year 1922:—

  Commodity.	Quantity.	Condition.	Result of Action taken.

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  Sale of Food and Drugs Acts. The following is & list of articles purchased during 1922:—

  ARTICLE.	Purchased.	Genuine.	Adulterated.	Proceedings taken.	Convictions.	Fines and Costs.

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  Continued from previous page...

  ARTICLE.	Purchased.	Genuine.	Adulterated.	Proceedings taken.	Convictions.	Fines and Costs.

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  During the years 1919-20-21-22 samples purchased in che Borough have been found to contain preservatives as shown in the following table:—

  Preservative.	Foodstuff.	No. of Occasions.	Quantities.
  			Maximum.	Minimum.

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  Smallpox, 1902-21.

  YEAR.	England and Wales.			London.			Holborn.
  	Cases.	Deaths.	Death Hate per 100,000	Cases.	Deaths.	Death Hate per 100,000.	Cases.	Deaths.	Death Hate |Per 100,000.

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  The following Table, kindly supplied by the Vaccination Officer of the Holborn Union gives information respecting vaccination in the Borough of Holborn:—

  	Total Number of Births	Vaccinated	Died before Vaccination	Cons. Objectors	Insusceptible	Postponed by Medical Certificate	Removed	Temporarily Unaccounted for

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  Diphtheria. One hundred and eight notifications of diphtheria were received during the \ear at the following ages: —

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  Diphtheria Contacts. Bacteriological Examination of Nose and Throat Swabs. Total Contacts swabbed 83 Negative 31 Positive 52

  	Contacts swabbed.	Positive Results.			Contacts positive.
  		Nose and Throat.	Nose only.	Throat only.

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  Tlie following T.ihle gives details of the tests carried out:— Schlick Testing and Anti-Diphtheria Immunisation at the Holborn Borough Council's Maternity and Child Welfare Centre, No. 10, John Street, Theobald's Hoad, from April 24th, 7922, to December 31st, 1922, inclusive.

  	Totol tested.	Result of Test.			Immunisation of Positives.				Tested after third inoculation and found		Tested after fourth inoculation and found negative.
  		Negative.	Positive.	No read.	Three inoculations.	Failed to complete three inoculations.	Did not begin inoculatious.	Inoculation postponed.	Negative.	Positive.

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  Bacteriological Work. The following Table gives details of the examinations made during the year: —

  Diphtheria		Enteric Fever		Consumption		Other Diseases
  Number Submitted	Result of Examination	Number Submitted	Result of Examination	Number Submitted	Result of Examination	Number Submitted	Result of Examination

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  Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from 1st January, 1022, to the 30th December, 1022, in the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn.

  Age-periods.	Notifications on Form A.													Notifications on Form B.					Number of Notifications on Form C.
  	Number of Primary Notifications.												Total Notifications on Form A.	Number of Primary Notifications.				Total Notifications on Form B.	Poor Law Institutions.	Sanatoria.
  	0 to 1.	1 to 5.	5 to 10.	10 to 15.	15 to 20.	20 to 25.	25 to 35.	35 to 45.	45 to 55.	55 to 65.	65 and upwards.	Total Primary Notifications.		Under 5.	5 to 10.	10 to 15.	Total Primary Notifications.

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  The following summary gives the position at the end of 1922, of the 82 cases notified during the year: —

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  The following indicates the reasons for non-attendance in the remaining cases:—

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  The 111 admissions were to the following institutions: —

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  Shoiving the number of Patients who died in their own homes and the number who died away from home in Hospitals or other Institutions.

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  Number of Cases examined for the first time in 1922:—

  Insured.		Non-Insured.		Children under 15.
  Males.	Females.	Males.	Females,	M.	F.	Total.

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  Analysis of 116 New Cases in 1922:—

  	Examined for first time during year.			Found to be suffering from Tuberculosis.		Not suffering from Tuberculosis.	Doubtful Cases.
  				Pulmonary.	Non-Pulmonary

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  Attendances and Examinations at the Dispensary in 1922:—

  	Insured.	Non-Insured.	Total

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  Reports and Communications:—

  	Insured.	Non-Insured.	Total.

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  Number of Patients under treatment or supervision at the Dispensary 31st

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  Interim Tuberculosis Care Committee. This Committee met monthly at the Council Offices. Miss H. M. Mathieson, the Honorary Secretary, has kindly supplied me with the following summary of the valuable work done during the year.

  		1921.		1922.

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  An analysis has been made of the birth cards to ascertain where the mothers living in crowded houses were confined. The information obtained is given below:—

  Living in	Confined at Home.		In Hospital.
  	No.	Percentage.	No.	Percentage.

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  HOME VISITING. The visits paid to the homes by the Health Visitors during the year were as follows:—

  First Visits.		Revisits.	Total.

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  The following is an analysis of the attendance at the Municipal Centre, 10, John Street.

  	Tuesday,		Wednesday. Thursday.			Friday.
  	Medical Consultation (alternate weeks) 2—5.30 p.m.	Ante-Natal, (alternate weeks) 2—5,30 p.m.	Medical Consultation 2—5.30 p.m.	Class. 3—5-30 p,m.	Dentist. 2—4 p.m.	Medical Consultation 2—5,30 p.m.

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  Of the 544 about whom information was obtained—

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  Maternal and Infant Consultations. Details as regards the work at the Maternal and Infant Consultations at 10, John Street and the Mary Ward Centres during the second half of the year are as follows:—-

  Reason for Attendance.	Number attending.
  Mothers—	John St.	Mary Ward.

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  Total or Partial Breast Feeding.

  WEEKS.	Number of Children entirely Breast-fed up to end of this period.1	Number discontinued entire Breastfeeding before end of succeeding Week.	Partial Breast-feeding continued for				WEEKS.	Number of Children entirely Breast-fed up to end of this period. *	Number discontinued entire Breastfeeding before end of succeeding Week.	Partial Breast-feeding continued for
  			Less than Three Months.	Three Months but less than Six Months.	Six Months but less than Normal Lactation.	Normal Lactation and beyond.				Less than Three Months.	Three Months but less than Six Months.	Six Months but less than Normal Lactation.	Normal Lactation and beyond.

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  Scale of Necessity. Adopted 14th October, 1921.

  Persons in Family.	Free Milk.			Half cost Milk.

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  The following Table shows new cases assisted in 1922.

  	Milk.		Food.		Prepared Milk
  	Free.	Part Cost.	Free.	Part Cost.	Free.	Part. Cost.

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  Deaths of Infants under One Year of Age. The homes were visited in a large proportion of the infant deaths, and any requisite information obtained. The cause and age of death are given in the following Table: —

  Cause of Death.		Under 1 Week	1-2 Weeks	2-3 Weeks	3-4 Weeks	Total under 4 Weeks	4 Weeks and under 3 Months	3-6 Months	6-9 Months	9-12 Months	Total Deaths under One Year

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  Deaths of Children 1 to 5 Years. Thirty children died between the ages 1 to 5 years from the following causes:—

  Cause of Death.	Ages.				Total. 1—5
  	1—2	2-3	3-4	4—5

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  Nine Cases Notified in Accordance with the Public Health (Ophthalmia Neonatorum) Regulations, 1914.

  Case Number.	Age when Notified.	Age at Onset.	By whom Notified.	Type of Disease on Health Visitor's first visit.	Where Treated.	Medical Attendance and Nursing.	Result.	Birth Notified by	REMARKS.

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  Two Cases not Notified in accordance with the Public Health (Ophthalmia Neonatorum) Regulations, 1914.

  Case Number	Age when Information received	Age at Onset	Information	Type of Disease on Health Visitor's first visit	Where treated	Medical Attendance and Nursing	Result	Attended by	Remarks

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  Ninety-six were children under five, 32 were over five, and two were adults.

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  Their services were used as follows: —

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  There were 127 entries, 108 attended for the preliminary judging, into the following classes.

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  Medical Examination in Public Elementary Schools. I.

  Age, Group and number examined.	Condition of Clothing.			Nutrition.				Cleanliness—Head.			Cleanliness—Body			Condition of Teeth.			Vision.			Mental Condition.
  	Good.	Fair.	Poor.	Good.	Average.	Poor.	Bad.	Clean.	Nits present.	Pedicum.	Clean.	Dirty.	Pedicum.	All sound.	Not more than 3 decayed.	4 or more decayed.	6/6 in both eyes.	6/9 in either or both eyes.	6/12 or worse in either eye.	Average.	Poor.	Mentally deficient.

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  Defects Found. II.

  	Entrants.		Age 8.		age 12.		age 13.
  	Boys. *	Girls.	Boys.	Girls.	Boys.	Girls.	Boys.	Girls.

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  Deaths of Children 5-15 years.

  Cause of Death.	Ages.										Total.
  	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14

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  HOUSING CONDITIONS. Statistics. Year Ended 31st December, 1921. 1.—GENERAL.

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  APPENDIX. TABLE I. Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1922 and Ten Previous Years.

  Year	Population estimated to J Middle of each Year.	Births.			Total Deaths Registered in the District		Transferable Deaths		Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
  									Under 1 Year of Age		At all Ages
  		Uncorrected Number	Nett		Number	Rate	of Non residents registered in the District	of Resi-dents not registered in the District	Number	Rate per 1,000 Birth	Number	Rate
  			Number	Rate

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  TABLE II. Causes of, and Ages at, Death, 1922.

  Causes of Death.		NET DEATHS AT THE SUBJOINED AGES OF "RESIDENTS," whether occurring within or without the District.										Total Deaths whether of " Residents " or " Non-Residents" in Institutions in the District.
  		' ' All Ages.	Under 1 year.	1 and under 2 years.	2 and under 5 years.	5 and under 15 years.	15 and under 25 years.	25 and under 45 years.	45 and under 65 years.	65 and under 75 years.	75 and upwards.

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  TABLE III. Cases ok Infectious Disease notified during the yeah 1022.

  Notifiable Disease.	Number of Cases Notified.								Total Cases Notified in each Locality (e.g. Parish or Ward) of the District.		Total Cases Removed to Hospitals.
  	At all Ages.	At Ages—Years.
  									St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.
  		Under 1	1 to 5	5 to 15	15 to 25	25 to 45	45 to 65	65 and .5,

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  TABLE IV. Infectious Diseases in Holborn for the last Eleven Years.

  	NOTIFICATIONS						DEATHS
  	Decennial Average, 1912-1921			Year 1922			Decennial Average, 1911-1921			Year 1922
  	Number	Rate per 1,000	London Rate	Number	Rate per 1,000	London Rate	Number	Rate per 1,000	London Rate	Number	Rate per 1,000	London Rate

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  TABLE VI. Factories, Workshops, Laundries, Workplaces and Homework 1.—INSPECTION. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors.

  PREMISES.	Number of
  	Inspections.	Written Notices.		Prosecutions.
  		Intimations.	Statutory.

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  2.—DEFECTS FOUND.

  Particulars.		Number of Defects.			Number of Prosecutions.
  		Found.	Remedied.	Referred to h.M. Inspector.

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  TABLE VI.—continued. 3.—HOME WORK

  NATURE OF WORK.	Outworkers' Lists, Section 107.									Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.			Outwork in Infected Premises, Sections 109, 110.
  	Lists received from Employers.						Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.	Prosecutions.		Instances.	Notices served.	Prosecutions.	Instances.	Orders made (S. 110).	Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
  	Sending twice in the year.			Sending once in the year.				Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.	Failing to send lists
  	Lists.	Outworkers.		Lists.	Outworkers.
  		Contractors.	Workmen.		Contractors.	Workmen.

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  TABLE VI.—continued. 4.--REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.

  Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the year.	Number.
  (1)	(2)

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  5.—OTHER MATTERS.

  Class.		Number.
  (1)		(2)

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  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. sale of food and drugs acts.

  Date.	Name and Address.	Offence.	Result.

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  public health (london) act.

  Date.	Nome and Address.	Offence.	Result.