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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Holborn 1922

Annual report of the Medical Officer of Health for the year 1922

Published
1923
Author
Hutt, C. W.
Pages
104
Tables
77

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77 tables in this report

  • Page 3
    STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1922.
  • Page 3
    Vital Statistics. England and Wales, London and Holborn.
    Annual Rates per 1,000 living.Deaths under 1 year to 1,000 Births.
    Births,Deaths.
  • Page 5
    The figures in the following tables are extracted from the Census lleport, 1921: — Population.
    Persons.Males.Females.
    1001.1911.1921.1901.1911921.1901.1911.1921.
  • Page 6
    Buildings.
    Kind ok Buldiso.Completed Buildings.In Course of Erection.Population.Total Separate Dwellings.Total Booms.
    Containing Dwellings.Not Containing Dwellings.
  • Page 7
    Number of Tenements. At the Census, 1921, the total number of private families in the Holborn Borough was 9,682 in comparison with 10,584 at the Census, 1911. The following table gives details of the tenements of one, two, three and four rooms:—
    Tenements withNumber of Tenements.Percentage of all Private Families.Total Occupants.Percentage of Population in each group of Tenements.Average Occupants per room.Overcrowding
    No. of 1-4 room Tenements with more than two Occupants per Room.Number of Occupants of such Rooms.Percentage of population in such Tenements.
    1911192119111921191119211911192119111921191119211911192119111921
  • Page 8
    Occupations. The following is a summary of the principal occupations of Holborn residents over 12 years of age, viz.:—Males, 17,853; Females, 19,652:—
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 9
    The distribution by country of birth was as follows: —
  • Page 10
    The following table gives the number of corrected births and the corrected birth-rates for the fifteen years 1908-1922: —
    Year.Total Births.Legitimate Births.Illegitimate Births.
    No.Rate per 1000.No.Rate per1000 of population.Proportion per 1000 total Registered BirthsNo.Bate per 1000 of population.Proportion per 1000 total Registered Births.
  • Page 10
    Of these deaths the following occurred in Public Institutions, etc., within the urea of the Borough:—
    Institution.Residents.Non-Residents.
    St. Giles and Bloomsbury.Holborn.St. Giles and Bloomsbury.Holborn.p
  • Page 11
    Corrected Deaths and Death-Rates, 1922, compared with 1921.
    Year.Total Deaths at all ages registered in District.Deaths in Public Institutions in District.Deaths of of nonresidents of Borough registered in District.Deaths of residents registered beyond the District.Nett Deaths' at all ages.Death Rate for BoroughDeath Rate. Itegistration London.
  • Page 11
    Seasonal Mortality. The mortality in the four quarters of the year is shown below: —
  • Page 11
    Infantile Mortality. The number of deaths of children under one year of age, and the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 corrected births, were the following:—
    Year.Deaths under 1 year of age.Deaths under 1 year per 1000 corrected legitimate Births.Deaths under 1 year per 1000 corrected illegitimate Births.Deaths under 1 year per 1000 corrected Births.London.
    Deaths under 1 year per 1000 Births.
  • Page 11
    Death-rate per 1,000 corrected births in 1922 and in ten preceding years during which details respecting births have been supplied.
    1912191319141915191619171918191919201921Av'ge, 1912-211922
  • Page 12
    Poor Law and Hospital Relief. The Clerk to the Guardians of the Holborn Union has kindly supplied me with the following information relating to persons from the Holborn Division of the Union who received Poor Law Relief during the vear 1922.
  • Page 13
    Sanitary Inspectors' and Health Visitors' Work, Year 1922.
    Mr. BennettMr. ClarkMr. LarardMiss Charles-worthMiss ShinnieTotal
  • Page 14
    Continued from previous page...
    Mr. BennettMr. ClarkMr. LarardMiss Charles-worthMiss ShinnieTotal
  • Page 14
    The total number of notices served for nuisances found in dwelling houses and factories, workshops and workplaces, and premises that are subject to various By-laws, was 1,710. viz.: —
  • Page 15
    The following Table shows the work done to abate nuisances for which intimation notices wore served:—
  • Page 16
    The following Table shows the nuisances for which the 101 Statutory Notices were issued under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.
  • Page 17
    Table showing Conditions in Typical Talement-houses respecting Overcrowding, Accommodation for Washing Clothes, Storing and Cooking Food, &c.
    TYPE OF HOME.Number of Homes Reported OnOvercrowdedAccommodation for Washing ClothesStorage for FoodAccommodation for Cooking FoodLighting of Staircase
    ExistingBy-lawsProposed New Bv-law (H.T.P. Act)Percentage Overcrowded under New By-lawProvidedNot ProvidedPercentage Not ProvidedProvidedNot ProvidedRangeGas CookerRange and Gas CookerOpen FirePercentage with Open Fire onlyNaturalPercentage Not-AdequateArtificialPercentage Not Provided
    SatisfactoryNot SatisfactorySatisfactoryNot Satisfactory
    No.Per rentage.AdequateNot AdequateProvidedNot Provided
  • Page 19
    The following firms of rat-catchers carry out work connected with rat repression for owners and occupiers in the Borough at the following rates: —
    Small Houses 8 rooms.Stables 10 horses.Shops small.Hotels, &e., and large shops.
  • Page 23
    The following summary of their replies will be of interest: — Dirt in Milk, 1922.
    District.Samples examined for Dirt.Samples in which Dirt reported.Amount of Dirt found. Parts per 100,000.Remarks.
  • Page 24
    In the case or the six samples examined tor organism as set out in (2) and (6) above, the results wore as follows: —
    No.No. of Organisms per cc grown at 37° C.Minimal volume containing Bacillus Coli.
  • Page 26
    The number of such places on the register at the end of the year was as follows:—
  • Page 27
    Ice cream is manufactured in the Italian Colony as follows: —
  • Page 27
    In addition ice cream is also manufactured on the following premises:—
    Mr. Bennett's District.Mr. Clark's District.Mr. Larard's District.
  • Page 28
    Unsound Food. The following is a list of unsound food condemned during the year 1922:—
    Commodity.Quantity.Condition.Result of Action taken.
  • Page 29
    Sale of Food and Drugs Acts. The following is & list of articles purchased during 1922:—
    ARTICLE.Purchased.Genuine.Adulterated.Proceedings taken.Convictions.Fines and Costs.
  • Page 30
    Continued from previous page...
    ARTICLE.Purchased.Genuine.Adulterated.Proceedings taken.Convictions.Fines and Costs.
  • Page 32
    During the years 1919-20-21-22 samples purchased in che Borough have been found to contain preservatives as shown in the following table:—
    Preservative.Foodstuff.No. of Occasions.Quantities.
    Maximum.Minimum.
  • Page 38
    Smallpox, 1902-21.
    YEAR.England and Wales.London.Holborn.
    Cases.Deaths.Death Hate per 100,000Cases.Deaths.Death Hate per 100,000.Cases.Deaths.Death Hate |Per 100,000.
  • Page 39
    The following Table, kindly supplied by the Vaccination Officer of the Holborn Union gives information respecting vaccination in the Borough of Holborn:—
    Total Number of BirthsVaccinatedDied before VaccinationCons. ObjectorsInsusceptiblePostponed by Medical CertificateRemovedTemporarily Unaccounted for
  • Page 39
    Diphtheria. One hundred and eight notifications of diphtheria were received during the \ear at the following ages: —
  • Page 40
    Diphtheria Contacts. Bacteriological Examination of Nose and Throat Swabs. Total Contacts swabbed 83 Negative 31 Positive 52
    Contacts swabbed.Positive Results.Contacts positive.
    Nose and Throat.Nose only.Throat only.
  • Page 42
    Tlie following T.ihle gives details of the tests carried out:— Schlick Testing and Anti-Diphtheria Immunisation at the Holborn Borough Council's Maternity and Child Welfare Centre, No. 10, John Street, Theobald's Hoad, from April 24th, 7922, to December 31st, 1922, inclusive.
    Totol tested.Result of Test.Immunisation of Positives.Tested after third inoculation and foundTested after fourth inoculation and found negative.
    Negative.Positive.No read.Three inoculations.Failed to complete three inoculations.Did not begin inoculatious.Inoculation postponed.Negative.Positive.
  • Page 47
    Bacteriological Work. The following Table gives details of the examinations made during the year: —
    DiphtheriaEnteric FeverConsumptionOther Diseases
    Number SubmittedResult of ExaminationNumber SubmittedResult of ExaminationNumber SubmittedResult of ExaminationNumber SubmittedResult of Examination
  • Page 48
    Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from 1st January, 1022, to the 30th December, 1022, in the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn.
    Age-periods.Notifications on Form A.Notifications on Form B.Number of Notifications on Form C.
    Number of Primary Notifications.Total Notifications on Form A.Number of Primary Notifications.Total Notifications on Form B.Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.
    0 to 1.1 to 5.5 to 10.10 to 15.15 to 20.20 to 25.25 to 35.35 to 45.45 to 55.55 to 65.65 and upwards.Total Primary Notifications.Under 5.5 to 10.10 to 15.Total Primary Notifications.
  • Page 49
    The following summary gives the position at the end of 1922, of the 82 cases notified during the year: —
  • Page 49
    The following indicates the reasons for non-attendance in the remaining cases:—
  • Page 50
    The 111 admissions were to the following institutions: —
  • Page 51
    Shoiving the number of Patients who died in their own homes and the number who died away from home in Hospitals or other Institutions.
  • Page 52
    Number of Cases examined for the first time in 1922:—
    Insured.Non-Insured.Children under 15.
    Males.Females.Males.Females,M.F.Total.
  • Page 52
    Analysis of 116 New Cases in 1922:—
    Examined for first time during year.Found to be suffering from Tuberculosis.Not suffering from Tuberculosis.Doubtful Cases.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary
  • Page 52
    Attendances and Examinations at the Dispensary in 1922:—
    Insured.Non-Insured.Total
  • Page 53
    Reports and Communications:—
    Insured.Non-Insured.Total.
  • Page 53
    Number of Patients under treatment or supervision at the Dispensary 31st
  • Page 54
    Interim Tuberculosis Care Committee. This Committee met monthly at the Council Offices. Miss H. M. Mathieson, the Honorary Secretary, has kindly supplied me with the following summary of the valuable work done during the year.
    1921.1922.
  • Page 58
    An analysis has been made of the birth cards to ascertain where the mothers living in crowded houses were confined. The information obtained is given below:—
    Living inConfined at Home.In Hospital.
    No.Percentage.No.Percentage.
  • Page 58
    HOME VISITING. The visits paid to the homes by the Health Visitors during the year were as follows:—
    First Visits.Revisits.Total.
  • Page 59
    The following is an analysis of the attendance at the Municipal Centre, 10, John Street.
    Tuesday,Wednesday. Thursday.Friday.
    Medical Consultation (alternate weeks) 2—5.30 p.m.Ante-Natal, (alternate weeks) 2—5,30 p.m.Medical Consultation 2—5.30 p.m.Class. 3—5-30 p,m.Dentist. 2—4 p.m.Medical Consultation 2—5,30 p.m.
  • Page 61
    Of the 544 about whom information was obtained—
  • Page 62
    Maternal and Infant Consultations. Details as regards the work at the Maternal and Infant Consultations at 10, John Street and the Mary Ward Centres during the second half of the year are as follows:—-
    Reason for Attendance.Number attending.
    Mothers—John St.Mary Ward.
  • Page 63
    Total or Partial Breast Feeding.
    WEEKS.Number of Children entirely Breast-fed up to end of this period.1Number discontinued entire Breastfeeding before end of succeeding Week.Partial Breast-feeding continued forWEEKS.Number of Children entirely Breast-fed up to end of this period. *Number discontinued entire Breastfeeding before end of succeeding Week.Partial Breast-feeding continued for
    Less than Three Months.Three Months but less than Six Months.Six Months but less than Normal Lactation.Normal Lactation and beyond.Less than Three Months.Three Months but less than Six Months.Six Months but less than Normal Lactation.Normal Lactation and beyond.
  • Page 66
    Scale of Necessity. Adopted 14th October, 1921.
    Persons in Family.Free Milk.Half cost Milk.
  • Page 66
    The following Table shows new cases assisted in 1922.
    Milk.Food.Prepared Milk
    Free.Part Cost.Free.Part Cost.Free.Part. Cost.
  • Page 68
    Deaths of Infants under One Year of Age. The homes were visited in a large proportion of the infant deaths, and any requisite information obtained. The cause and age of death are given in the following Table: —
    Cause of Death.Under 1 Week1-2 Weeks2-3 Weeks3-4 WeeksTotal under 4 Weeks4 Weeks and under 3 Months3-6 Months6-9 Months9-12 MonthsTotal Deaths under One Year
  • Page 69
    Deaths of Children 1 to 5 Years. Thirty children died between the ages 1 to 5 years from the following causes:—
    Cause of Death.Ages.Total. 1—5
    1—22-33-44—5
  • Page 70
    Nine Cases Notified in Accordance with the Public Health (Ophthalmia Neonatorum) Regulations, 1914.
    Case Number.Age when Notified.Age at Onset.By whom Notified.Type of Disease on Health Visitor's first visit.Where Treated.Medical Attendance and Nursing.Result.Birth Notified byREMARKS.
  • Page 71
    Two Cases not Notified in accordance with the Public Health (Ophthalmia Neonatorum) Regulations, 1914.
    Case NumberAge when Information receivedAge at OnsetInformationType of Disease on Health Visitor's first visitWhere treatedMedical Attendance and NursingResultAttended byRemarks
  • Page 74
    Ninety-six were children under five, 32 were over five, and two were adults.
  • Page 75
    Their services were used as follows: —
  • Page 77
    There were 127 entries, 108 attended for the preliminary judging, into the following classes.
  • Page 79
    Medical Examination in Public Elementary Schools. I.
    Age, Group and number examined.Condition of Clothing.Nutrition.Cleanliness—Head.Cleanliness—BodyCondition of Teeth.Vision.Mental Condition.
    Good.Fair.Poor.Good.Average.Poor.Bad.Clean.Nits present.Pedicum.Clean.Dirty.Pedicum.All sound.Not more than 3 decayed.4 or more decayed.6/6 in both eyes.6/9 in either or both eyes.6/12 or worse in either eye.Average.Poor.Mentally deficient.
  • Page 80
    Defects Found. II.
    Entrants.Age 8.age 12.age 13.
    Boys. *Girls.Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.
  • Page 81
    Deaths of Children 5-15 years.
    Cause of Death.Ages.Total.
    567891011121314
  • Page 84
    HOUSING CONDITIONS. Statistics. Year Ended 31st December, 1921. 1.—GENERAL.
  • Page 86
    APPENDIX. TABLE I. Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1922 and Ten Previous Years.
    YearPopulation estimated to J Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the DistrictTransferable DeathsNett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Under 1 Year of AgeAt all Ages
    Uncorrected NumberNettNumberRateof Non residents registered in the Districtof Resi-dents not registered in the DistrictNumberRate per 1,000 BirthNumberRate
    NumberRate
  • Page 87
    TABLE II. Causes of, and Ages at, Death, 1922.
    Causes of Death.NET DEATHS AT THE SUBJOINED AGES OF "RESIDENTS," whether occurring within or without the District.Total Deaths whether of " Residents " or " Non-Residents" in Institutions in the District.
    ' ' All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and upwards.
  • Page 88
    TABLE III. Cases ok Infectious Disease notified during the yeah 1022.
    Notifiable Disease.Number of Cases Notified.Total Cases Notified in each Locality (e.g. Parish or Ward) of the District.Total Cases Removed to Hospitals.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.
    St. Giles and Bloomsbury.Holborn.
    Under 11 to 55 to 1515 to 2525 to 4545 to 6565 and .5,
  • Page 89
    TABLE IV. Infectious Diseases in Holborn for the last Eleven Years.
    NOTIFICATIONSDEATHS
    Decennial Average, 1912-1921Year 1922Decennial Average, 1911-1921Year 1922
    NumberRate per 1,000London RateNumberRate per 1,000London RateNumberRate per 1,000London RateNumberRate per 1,000London Rate
  • Page 91
    TABLE VI. Factories, Workshops, Laundries, Workplaces and Homework 1.—INSPECTION. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors.
    PREMISES.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
    Intimations.Statutory.
  • Page 91
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to h.M. Inspector.
  • Page 92
    TABLE VI.—continued. 3.—HOME WORK
    NATURE OF WORK.Outworkers' Lists, Section 107.Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.Outwork in Infected Premises, Sections 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists
    Lists.Outworkers.Lists.Outworkers.
    Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.
  • Page 93
    TABLE VI.—continued. 4.--REGISTERED WORKSHOPS.
    Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the year.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 93
    5.—OTHER MATTERS.
    Class.Number.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 94
    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. sale of food and drugs acts.
    Date.Name and Address.Offence.Result.
  • Page 94
    public health (london) act.
    Date.Nome and Address.Offence.Result.