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37
and 1866 the deaths from cholera at St.
Petersburg were very numerous when the
thermometer was below the freezing point.
It may be that the conditions as to temperature
and moisture within the houses at this
time were not very different from those of
summer time.
6. That the advent of the disease is generally
marked by some increase as it were of
the zymotic force. It is difficult to judge
of the general condition of the public health
at the time of the visitation in 1832, but
at the coming of the epidemics of 1848
and 1853, there was an unusual amount of
zymotic disease. At Moscow and St. Petersburg,
and in other Russian towns, the outbreak
of 1848 was preceded by a general
prevalence of influenza, and of intermittent
fever; the latter disease, in many continental
cities, taking the place of typhus in this
country. Diarrhoea also in the European
cities first attacked, was generally prevalent
before the actual outburst of the. disease.
At Berlin intermittent fever, diarrhoea, and
dysentery, but especially diarrhoea, were epidemic.
The same disease, but particularly
intermittent fever, scarlet-fever, and influenza,
were prevalent at Hamburgh. In London