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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1928

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London, City of ]

Published
1929
Pages
93
Tables
68

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68 tables in this report

  • Page -
    The following table shows the progressive decline which has taken place since 1861 in the number of inhabitants who reside within the City boundaries, and the progressive increase in the number of workers who are daily employed in the City :—
    Year.Imperial Census. Night Population.City Census. Day Population.
  • Page 8
    PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 8
    DEATH RATES, PER 1,000 PER ANNUM.
    Year.City of London.107 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
    192311.511.611.2
  • Page 9
    CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT, DEATH DURING THE YEAR 1928.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents " whether occurring within or without the district.Total Deaths whether of "Residents" or "NonResidents" in Institutions in the District.
    All ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and upwards.
    12.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.
  • Page 10
    Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable DeathsNett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected number.Nett.
    Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate.of Nonresidents registered in the District.of Residents not registered in the District.
    Number.Rate.Number.Rate per 1,000 nett Births.Number.Rate.
    12345678910111213
  • Page 10
    VACCINATION STATISTICS IN THE CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious objections
    1923per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.per cent.
  • Page 12
    STATISTICS OF NOTIFICATIONS AND REMOVALS TO HOSPITAL.
    NAME OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis subsequently found to be incorrect.Net number of Cases.
  • Page 12
    The following is a return of infectious diseases which have occurred in the City of London, exclusive of Tuberculosis, Measles, Rubella, Malaria, Pneumonia, Ophthalmia Neonatorum and Chicken-Pox, with the percentages of such cases removed to hospitals for treatment or nursed at home during 1928 compared with the figures for the previous five years:-
    Year.Number of cases reported.Per cent, of cases reported. Removed to Hospital. Treated at home.
  • Page 13
    CASES of INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND TUBERCULOSIS NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1928.
    DISEASES.At Ages—Years.No. of Cases Removed toHospital.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.1 year and under 2 years.2 years and under 3 years.3 years and under 4 years.4 years and under 5 years.$ years and under 10 years.10 years and under 15 years.15 years and under 20 years.20 years and under 35 years.35 years and under 45 years.45 years and under 65 years.65 years and over
  • Page 14
    PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from the 1st January to the 29th December, 1928, in the City of London
    AGE-PERIODSNotifications on FormA.Notifications on FormB.†Number of Notifications on FormC
    Number of Primary Notifications.*TotalNumber of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form B.Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwardsTotal Primary Notifications.Notifications on Form A.Under 55 to 1010 to 15Total Primary Notifications.
  • Page 15
    New cases of Tuberculosis which have come to the knowledge of the Medical Officer of Health or Chief (Administrative) Tuberculosis Officer during the period from 1st January, 1928, to 29th December, 1928, otherwise than by notification on Form A or Form B.
    Age periods0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwards.Total Cases.
  • Page 15
    The source or sources from which information as to the above-mentioned case was obtained is stated below:—
    Source of Information.No. of Cases.
    Pulmonary.Non-pulmonary.
  • Page 17
    Patients Referred to the Hospital. —The following is the summary of patients referred to the various departments of St. Bartholomew's Hospital for help in diagnosis or treatment:—
    Resident.Non-Resident.Total.
  • Page 19
    The following table sets out the number of cases both of Pulmonary and Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis, which were brought to my notice during the year 1928, and also the total number of deaths from Tuberculosis among City residents during the same period :—
    Age Periods.New Cases.Deaths.
    Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.Pulmonary.Non-Pulmonary.
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 21
    A.—PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
    Condition at the time of the last record made during the year to which the Return relates.Previous to 1926.1926.1927.1928.
    Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.Class T.B. minus.Class T.B. plus.
    Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).Group 1.Group 2.Group 3.Total (Class T.B. plus).
  • Page 21
    B.—NON-PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
    Condition at the time of the last record made during the year to which the Return relates.Previous to 1926.1926.1927.1928.
    Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.Bones and Joints.Abdominal.Other Organs.Peripheral Glands.Total.
  • Page 22
    The following tabulation indicates the number of patients coming under treatment for the first time from the Counties stated, and also the examinations which were made for the detection of Spirochetes, of Gonococci and for the Wassermann or Sigma test in respect of these patients:—
    For Syphilis.No. of patients treated.For Spirochetes.Examinations.
    For Gonococci.For Wassermann or
    For Gonorrhœa.For Non-Venereal Conditions.Sigma Test. Reactions.For Non-Venereal Conditions.
  • Page 23
    RETURN RELATING TO ALL PERSONS WHO WERE TREATED AT THE TREATMENT CENTRE AT ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL TREATMENT CENTRE, 20, GOLDEN LANE, E.C.1, DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st DECEMBER, 1928.
    Syphilis.Soft Chancre.Gonorrhœa.Conditions other than Venereal.Total.
    MalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemales
  • Page 24
    Statement showing the services rendered at the Treatment Centre during the year, classified according to the areas in which the patients resided.
    Name of County or County Borough (or Country in the case of persons residing elsewhere than in England and Wales) to be inserted in these headings.London.Essex.Herts.Surrey.Kent.Total.
  • Page 27
    summary of monthly observations and reports during the year 1928.
    Month of the Year 1928.Place.3456789101112
    Rainfall mm.Metric tons per square kilometre.
    Insoluble matter.Soluble matter.Total solids.Included in soluble matter.
    Tar.Carbonaceous other than tar.Ash.Loss on ignition.Ash.Sulphates (SO3).Chlorine (Cl).Ammonia (NH3).
  • Page 28
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 44 Years — 1885-1928.
    YEAR.Woking.*Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.City of London.Sheffield.BradfordW. Norwood.Hendon Park.Pontypridd.Bristol. (opened 2/3/28.)Ipswich. (opened 6/12/28.)No of Cremations each year.
  • Page 30
    For purposes of comparison the following summary of results, obtained since the examination of milk on arrival in the City was first commenced in 1904, is here inserted.
    Year.Percentage showing Tuberculous Infection.Year.Percentage showing Tuberculous Infection.
  • Page 34 35
    ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION REGARDING SAMPLES NOT REPORTED TO BE GENUINE.
    Name of Article.Identification No. given to the sample in the Quarterly Report.Result of Analysis.If any legal proceedings were instituted under the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If any legal proceedings were instituted under Acts other than the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If no legal proceedings were instituted, state briefly the course adopted in regard to each sample.Information, if any, as to previous convictions.Remarks on any point of special interest.
  • Page 36 37
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (PRESERVATIVES, ETC., IN FOOD) REGULATIONS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (CONDENSED MILK) REGULATIONS AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (DRIED MILK) REGULATIONS. Articles Examined during each Quarter of the Year 1928.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1928.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of AdulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 38 39
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (PRESERVATIVES, ETC., IN FOOD) REGULATIONS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (CONDENSED MILK) REGULATIONS AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (DRIED MILK) REGULATIONS.— Continued.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1928.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 40 41
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH PRESERVATIVES, ETC., IN FOOD) REGULATIONS, THE PUBLIC HEALTH (CONDENSED MILK) REGULATIONS AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (DRIED MILK) REGULATIONS.— Continued.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1928.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. GenuineNo. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of Adulteration.
  • Page 43
    IMPORTATION OF MEAT INTO GREAT BRITAIN. According to the Board of Trade Returns, the imports of meat and bacon for the year ending 31st December, 1928, were as follows:—
    Country of Origin.Beef. Tons.Mutton and Lamb. Tons.Pork. Tons.Bacon. Tons.
  • Page 45
    AMOUNTS OF HOME-KILLED MEAT SEIZED AT SMITHFIELD ON ACCOUNT OF DISEASE, AND THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE.
    CAUSE OF SEIZURE.Carcases of Beef.Quarters of Beef.Carcases of Mutton.Quarters of Mutton.Carcases of Pork.Quarters of Pork.Carcases of Veal.Quarters of Veal.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Livers.MesenteriesPlucks.
  • Page 46
    Continued from previous page...
    CAUSE OF SEIZURE.Carcases of Beef.Quarters of Beef.Carcases of Mutton.Quarters of Mutton.Carcases of Pork.Quarters of Pork.Carcases of Veal.Quarters of Veal.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Livers.Mesenteries.Plucks.
  • Page 46
    The following table shows comparative figures of diseased meat of Argentine origin for the year 1928 with those for 1927:—
    Quarters of Beef.Carcases of Mutton.Quarters of Mutton.Pig Carcases.Pieces.
    1927.1928.1927.192S1927.1928.1927.1928.1928.
  • Page 49
    Article.No.How Packed.Origin.Cause for Destruction.Tons.Cwts.Qrs.lbs.
  • Page 50
    The Leadenhall Market and City Shops have been systematically inspected during the year, and the following table shows the amount and variety of unsound food dealt with:—
  • Page 50
    SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS SURRENDERED TO OR SEIZED BY MEAT INSPECTORS IN THE CITY OF LONDON FOR UNSOUNDNESS, 1928.
    Countries.Beef in lbs.Mutton in lbs.Pork in lbs.Veal in lbs.Venison in lbs.Goat in lbs.Offal in lbs.Bacon in lbs.Cheese in lbs.Furred Game. No.Feathered Game. No.TinnedFish in lbs.Butter in lbs.Eggs. No.
    Milk. No.Meat. No.
  • Page 51
    SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS SURRENDERED TO OR SEIZED BY THE MEAT INSPECTORS IN THE CITY OF LONDON, FOR DISEASED CONDITIONS. 1928.
    Countries.Beef in lbs.Mutton in lbs.Pork in lbs.Veal in lbs.Goat in lbs.Offal in lbs.Bacon in lbs.Totals in lbs.
  • Page 51
    SUMMARY OF UNSOUND FOOD DESTROYED.
    TonsCwts.Qrs.lbs.
  • Page 51
    PUBLIC HEALTH (LONDON) ACT, 1891 .—UNSOUND MEAT—PROSECUTION.
    Date.Name.Business.Address.Where heard.Before whom.Offence.Result.
  • Page 51
    *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 55 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General SupplySeizures by Inspectors% of Unsound Meat.
    Tons.:wts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 52
    *The sources of origin of the Central Markets Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent. of the total annual deliveries.
  • Page 52
    The following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market are of interest:—
    1924.1925.1926.1927.1928.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 52
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1927 and 1928.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1927.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1927.Meat delivered at the Market, 1928.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1928.
    Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 52
    * Table showing Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and Percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1928.
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.cwtsqrs.Tons.cwtsqrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 53
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1928 and the five years 1923—1927.
    Year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwts.qrs.
  • Page 55
    SUMMARY OF FOOD DISCHARGED AT CITY WHARVES.
    Article.Where from.Description of Packages.Total Number of Packages.General Range of Weight of Packages.
  • Page 56
    Continued from previous page...
    Article.Where from.Description of Packages.Total Number of Packages.General Range of Weight of Packages.
  • Page 57
    The material so disposed of comprised :—
    Tons.Cwts.Qrs.
  • Page 57
    TABLE OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS OCCURRING AT THE ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH, AND BEARSTED HOUSE, HUTCHISON STREET, DURING THE YEAR 1928.
    Name of Block.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined ages.
    Male.Female.At all ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page 58
    RECORD OF ATTENDANCES AT THE BATHS, ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS.
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 58
    WEST DISTRICT—Inspector F. J. Robbins.
    Month.Premises Inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 58
    MIDDLE DISTRICT—Inspector E. J. Simmons (1/1/28-30/6/28). Inspector G. H. Fowler (1/7/28-31/12/28).
    Month.Premises Inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvement effected.
  • Page 59
    EAST DISTRICT—Inspector W. H. Ralph.
    Month.Premises Inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 59
    THE FOREGOING ARE SUMMARISED AS UNDER:—
    District.Number of inspections made.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvements effected.
  • Page 59
    Particulars relating to the registered Lodging-houses in the City now on the Register are given in the accompanying table :—
    District.Number of Houses on Register.Number of Lodgers.Number of Tenements.Average Number of Persons per Tenement.Cleansing Notices Served.
  • Page 65
    The following figures show the number of Outworkers notified since 1902:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in CityOutworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 66
    SUMMARY OF WORK DONE UNDER THE FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (LONDON) ACT, 1891, &c.
    INSPECTIONS.East District.Middle District.West District.Totals.
  • Page 67
    Continued from previous page...
    DEFECTS REMEDIED.FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, WORKPLACES.KITCHENS OF RESTAURANTS, &c.KITCHENS OF LICENSED PREMISES.
    East District.Middle District.West District.East District.Middle District.West District.East District.Middle District.West District.Totals.
  • Page 68
    Continued from previous page...
    WOMAN INSPECTOR.Total.
  • Page 69
    I ncluding I nspections made by S anitary I nspectors.
    Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Occupiers Prosecuted
    (1)(2)(3)(4)
  • Page 69
    2.— Defects Found, in Factories, Workshops and Workplaces.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of offences in respect to which Prosecutions were instituted.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspectors
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 70 71
    3.— Home Work.
    NATURE OF WORK.*OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.OUTWORK IN UNWHOLESOME PREMISES, SECTION 108.OUTWORK IN INFECTED PREMISES, SECTIONS 109, 110.
    Lists received from Employers.Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending Lists.Prosecutions.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110).
    Sending twice in the year.Sending once in the year.Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Lists.fOutworkers.fLists.Outworkers.
    Contractors.Workmen.Contractors.Workmen.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)
  • Page 72
    The following tabulation shows the work carried out at the Mortuary and Coroner's Court during the past five years:—
  • Page 72
    The following table gives the details of the work of disinfection carried out at the Disinfection Station during the year in connection with the export trade :—
    Number of Certificates issued. 620Number of articles disinfected. 175,782Fees received by the Corporation. £535
  • Page 76
    RATS AND MICE (DESTRUCTION) ACT, 1919. Summary Showing Investigations and Inspections Made and Details of Work Carried Out under the Above Act, for the Year ended December 31st, 1928.
    Months.No. of Buildings Inspected.Average No. of Firms in building.No. of premises Rat Infested.Total No. of Firms interested.Steps taken to destroy Rats.Rat Proofing done, Rat-holes stopped, &c.Drainage and Sewerage Work carried out during the year.Special Observations. Complaints or Applications for Advice.
    Rat-Catcher Employed.Poison Used.Wire Traps.Breakbacks.Varnish Traps.Other Traps.Cats or Dogs kept.By City Engineer's Department.By M.O.H Department.
  • Page 80
    APPENDIX A.—STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY.
    street or place.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 81
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALIT Y— continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 82
    STREET LISTS OF MORTAL ITY — continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 83
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY— continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 84
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY— continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of HouseSex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 85
    APPENDIX B.—LIST OF CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE OTHER THAN TUBERCULOSIS, 1928. STREET LISTS.—COMPILED FROM NOTIFICATIONS RECEIVED.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.