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10
life for the very young, they are still very unequal,
and are, therefore, capable of improvement.
Locking again at the facts, we see that after the
first year of existence the child suffers more in the
City than elsewhere, for then its death-rate rises
very rapidly until it is five years of age, and then
there is another respite. Out of a thousand deaths
of children under fifteen years of age, 415 occur in
the first year, 460 at from one to five years of age,
and at 125 at from five to fifteen years. Throughout
all England the numbers are 467, 372 and 161
respectively: the most fatal period of childhood in
the City is, therefore, between the ages of 1 and 5.
But after this, and for the next 30 years with
males, and nearly 50 years with females, the circumstances
of a City life are not generally unfavourable;
for the total mortality in those periods
is not excessive. At from 15 to 35 years of age
the death-rate of males is only about 8 per 1,000,
and of females 6.6; that of England being 8.7 and
9.1. At from 35 to 65 years of age, the mortality
of males is 29.6 per 1,000, and of females 20.2;
the English death-rate at those periods being 18.1
for males, and 16.7 for females; and, lastly, at
from 65 years and upwards, the males in the City
die at the rate of 129.3 per 1,000, and the females
at the rate of 116.7; the mortality in England