London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972
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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
London County Council 1899
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]
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Table 4.—(
| Date. | Number of hours bed stood empty. | Percentage of carbon dioxide. | Percentage of oxygen. | Date. | Number of hours bed stood empty. | Percentage of carbon dioxide. | Percentage of oxygen. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900. | 1900. | ||||||
| Jan. 2 | 4 | 7.8 | 5.8 | Jan. 23 | 4 | 5.4 | 9.4 |
| 3 | 4 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 25 | 4 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
| 4 | 4 | 1.8 | 17.2 | 26 | 4 | 5.2 | 10.8 |
| 9 | 4 | 7.0 | 9.8 | 30 | 4 | 4.6 | 5.4 |
| 10 | 4 | 6.9 | 7.7 | Feb. 1 | 4 | 3.6 | 10.4 |
| 11 | 4 | 7.8 | 3.6 | 2 | 4 | 3.4 | 9.8 |
| 12 | 4 | 5.6 | 8.4 | 6 | 4 | 5.4 | 8.2 |
| 16 | 4 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 8 | 4 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
| 17 | 4 | 4.7 | 7.9 | 9 | 4 | 4.0 | 9.8 |
| 18 | 4 | 2.8 | 11.2 | 22 | 4 | 6.4 | 8.0 |
| 19 | 24 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 23 | 4 | 7.8 | 5.6 |
| Averages | 5 | 5.7 | 8.0 |
In pure atmospheric air the average percentage of carbon dioxide is 0*04, and of oxygen 2096.
Table 5.—Amount of Nitrification produced in the Coke Beds of Series A and B.
| Date. | Nitrogen as Nitrite in | Nitrogen as Nitrate in | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude sewage. | Coke-beds of Series A. | Coke-beds of Series B. | Crude sewage. | Coke-beds of Series A. | Coke-beds of Series B. | |||||
| Primary Coarse Bed. | Secondary Coarse Bed. | Primary Coarse Bed. | Secondary Pine Bed. | Primary Coarse Bed. | Secondary Coarse Bed. | Primary Coarse Bed. | Secondary Fine Bed. | |||
| 1899. | ||||||||||
| July 4 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | 0.1400 | 0.1306 | 0.1325 | 0.1306 | 0.1625 | 0.3387 |
| 5 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.1750 | 0.0618 | 0.0850 | 0.0556 | 0.0368 | 1.1900 |
| 6 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.2450 | 0.0837 | 0.2281 | 0.0975 | 0.2206 | 0.8625 |
| 7 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.2450 | 0.1162 | 0.1012 | 0.0587 | 0.0381 | 0.9818 |
| 8 | Slight trace | ” | ” | ” | 0.2800 | 0.1437 | 0.0662 | 0.1075 | 0.1056 | 0.2587 |
| 11 | Nil | ” | ” | ” | 0.2520 | 0.0612 | 0.0506 | 0.0719 | 0.1106 | 1.7305 |
| 12 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.1610 | 0.1925 | 0.0762 | 0.2125 | 0.1350 | 1.1915 |
| 13 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.0280 | 0.1306 | 0.1987 | 0.1468 | 0.1481 | 1.9176 |
| 14 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.0308 | 0.1356 | 0.1662 | 0.1218 | 0.1450 | 2.2761 |
| 15 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.1050 | 0.0837 | 0.1444 | 0.2687 | 0.1906 | 1.6294 |
| 17 | ” | ” | ” | ” | 0.0140 | 0.1112 | 0.2232 | 0.0319 | 0.0969 | 2.0956 |
| 19 | ” | ” | 0.1190 | ” | 0.0250 | 0.0275 | 0.0294 | Nil | 0.1181 | 1.9387 |
| 21 | ” | 0.0280 | Nil | ” | 0.0210 | Trace | 0.1032 | Trace | 0.0362 | 1.6415 |
| 24 | ” | 0.1050 | 0.4480 | ” | 0.0393 | 0.1207 | 0.1970 | 0.1980 | 0.1206 | 1.2217 |
| 26 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.3150 | ” | 0.0336 | 0.1530 | 0.1240 | 0.1670 | 0.1789 | 1.2284 |
| 28 | ” | Nil | 0.2100 | ” | 0.0420 | 0.1181 | 0.4385 | 0.4087 | 0.1856 | 1.1950 |
| 31 | ” | 0.0182 | 0.2100 | ” | 0.0532 | 0.1201 | 0.4528 | 0.4781 | 0.1800 | 0.0668 |
| Aug. 2 | ” | 00210 | 0.2100 | ” | 0.0420 | 0.0856 | 0.0979 | 0.3762 | 0.1775 | 1.2640 |
| 4 | ” | Nil | 0.2100 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.0468 | 0.0701 | 0.3881 | 0.0726 | 1.4300 |
| 9 | ” | 0.3780 | 0.0420 | 0.2100 | 0.0210 | 0.0357 | 0.5166 | 1.1650 | 0.0910 | 1.7470 |
| 11 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.0560 | Nil | 0.0350 | 0.2410 | 0.2001 | 0.9195 | 0.4770 | 2.3400 |
| 14 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.0560 | ” | 0.0350 | 0.1493 | 0.2600 | 0.8460 | 0.1756 | 1.9540 |
| 16 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.0700 | ” | 0.0420 | 0.2947 | 0.0395 | 1.7570 | 0.2365 | 1.8700 |
| 18 | ” | 0.1400 | 0.0600 | ” | 0.0280 | 0.2370 | 0.4627 | 1.6370 | 0.2425 | 1.6690 |
| 21 | ” | 0.0560 | 0.0420 | ” | 0.0280 | 0.1815 | 0.1822 | 1.1660 | 0.1815 | 1.3160 |
| 23 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.1400 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.2426 | 0.0548 | 1.8806 | 0.2415 | 1.8400 |
| 25 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.1400 | ” | 0.0350 | 0.3566 | 0.3413 | 1.0840 | 0.3623 | 1.8650 |
| 28 | ” | 0.1786 | 0.0582 | 0.2100 | 0.0210 | 0.0618 | 0.9054 | 1.1828 | 1.1050 | 2.4650 |
| 30 | ” | 0.3500 | 0.1050 | 0.2800 | Nil | 0.4818 | 1.0970 | 1.5950 | 0.2000 | 1.8120 |
| Sept. 1 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.0350 | 0.0252 | ” | 0.1703 | 0.5665 | 0.1986 | 2.0760 | 0.8441 |
| 4 | ” | 0.2100 | 0.0420 | 0.0210 | ” | 0.1156 | 1.7780 | 2.4400 | 0.4748 | 1.6160 |
| 6 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.1050 | Nil | 0.0280 | 0.1818 | 0.9230 | 1.5230 | 0.1794 | 1.7150 |
| 8 | ” | 0.0210 | 0.1400 | ” | 0.0420 | 0.3578 | 0.4000 | 1.8620 | 0.3586 | 1.8350 |
| 11 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.1400 | 0.2100 | 0.0210 | 0.0981 | 0.1968 | 0.7500 | 0.2760 | 0.5852 |
| 13 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.0280 | 0.2100 | 0.0140 | 0.0903 | 0.4498 | 1.9425 | 0.1105 | 2.3566 |
| 15 | ” | 0.0840 | 0.0490 | 0.0140 | 0.0350 | 0.1325 | 0.5956 | 1.2853 | 0.3375 | 2.6590 |
| 18 | ” | 0.0252 | 0.0840 | 0.0420 | 0.0280 | 0.1161 | 0.5621 | 1.3990 | 1.1670 | 1.9730 |
| 21 | ” | 0.2100 | 0.0280 | 0.0210 | 0.0280 | 0.2336 | 0.3773 | 0.7260 | 0.0560 | 0.7420 |
| 22 | ” | 0.2800 | 0.0560 | 0.3500 | 0.0420 | 0.1580 | 0.7003 | 1.0400 | 0.6510 | 1.6660 |
| 23 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.2100 | 0.0140 | 0.0128 | 0.1903 | 0.2214 | 0.6418 | 0.3952 | 1.5672 |
| 25 | ” | 0.0210 | 0.2100 | 0.0182 | 0.0280 | 0.2351 | 0.6871 | 0.7911 | 0.7524 | 2.0630 |
| 26 | ” | 0.0140 | 0.0420 | 0.0140 | 0.0210 | 0.1480 | 0.2977 | 0.9201 | 0.5899 | 1.4400 |
| 27 | ” | 0.0210 | 0.1400 | 0.0210 | 0.0280 | 0.3623 | 0.6965 | 0.9431 | 0.4631 | 1.6526 |
| 28 | ” | 0.0210 | 0.0280 | 0.0182 | 0.0252 | 0.2545 | 1.0738 | 1.2991 | 0.6953 | 0.8778 |
| 29 | ” | 0.0210 | 0.0420 | 0.0210 | 0.0182 | 0.2953 | 1.1630 | 1.2600 | 0.5673 | 1.4048 |