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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1892

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1893
Pages
92
Tables
61

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61 tables in this report

  • Page -
    The population ol the registration county in each census year has been as follows—
    Year.Population.Increase per cent.Year.Population.Increase, per cent.
  • Page -
    The following table shows the number of natives and immigrants in London in the three census years 1871, 1881, and 1891— Number of Natives and Immigrants respectively living in London (Registration) in 1871, 1881 and 1891.
    Males.Females.Excess of Females.
    1871.1881.1891.1871.1881.1891.1871.1881.1891.
  • Page 2
    The following table shows the proportion ot the London population at the several ages in eacn census year since 1851. London—Proportion of population at different ages in 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, and 1891. (All ages taken as 10,000.)
    Age-period.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-
  • Page 2
    London—Proportion of population at different ages in 1861, 1871, 1881 and 1891. (All ages taken as 10,000.) Males.
    Age period.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85 and upwards
  • Page 3
    The estimated population and the density of population in the several sanitary districts is shown in the following table. The greatest density of population hitherto attained by any district since 1811 was 241 persons per acre (St. Luke, 1861)—
    Estimated population middle of 1892.Area in acres.Persons to an acre.Estimated population middle of 1892.Area in acres.Persons to an acre.
  • Page 3
    The following table shows (subject to what has been said) the average number of persons to a house in each sanitary district in 1881 and 1891.
    1881. No. of persons per house.1891. No. of persons per house.1881. No. of persons per house.1891. No. of persons per house.
  • Page 4
    Continued from previous page...
    1881. No. of persons per house.1891. No. of persons per house.1881. No. of persons per house.1891. No. of persons per house.
  • Page 4
    The accompanying chart (II.)* shows the condition of the forty-one districts, as to such overcrowding of tenements of one to four rooms, the greatest overcrowding occurring in the districts immediately surrounding the City.
    Sanitary area.Tenements with,Number of tenements.Percentage of all tenements.Total occupants.Percentage of population in each group of tenements.Average occupants per room.Overcrowding.
    Number of one to four roomed tenements with more than two occupants per room.Number of occupiers of such tenements.Percentage of population in such tenements.
    12345678
  • Page 5
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary area.Tenements with,Number of tenements.Percentage of all tenements.Total occupants.Percentage of population in each group of tenement^.Average occupants per room.Overcrowding.
    Number of one to four roomed tenements with more than two occupants per room.Number of occupiers of such tenements.Percentage of population in such tenements.
    12345678
  • Page 6
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary area.Tenements with,Number of tenements.Percentage of all tenements.Total occupants.Percentage of population in each group of tenements.Average occupants per room.Overcrowding.
    Number of one to four roomed tenements with more than two occupants per room.N umber of occupiers of such tenements.Percentage of population in such tenements.
    12345678
  • Page 7
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary area.Tenements with,Number of tenements.Percentage of all tenementsTotal occupantsPercentage of populution in each group of tenements.Average occupants per room.Number of one to four roomed tenements with more than two occupants per room.Overcrowding. Number of occupiers of such tenements.Percentage of population in such tenements.
    12345678
  • Page 7
    The marriage rate since 1870 has been as follows—
  • Page 7
    With the full of the marriage rate there was in 1891, as eompared with previous census years, a relative decrease in the proportion of young married men resident in London, as will be seen in the following table—
    Married males.Unmarried males.
    Aged 15 and upwards.Aged 15 to 25.per cent.Aged 15 and upwards.Aged 15 to 25.per cent.
  • Page 7
    It is, however, noteworthy that the marriages of minors constitute, in successive decennia, an increasing proportion of total marriages. This is shown in the following table—
    Marriages of minors per cent, of total marriages in London.
    Men.Women.
  • Page 8
    The birth rate in each of the forty-one London sanitary districts in 1892 is shown in the following table—
    Births.Births per 1,000.
  • Page 9
    Deaths. The London death-rate since the year 1870 has been as follows—
  • Page 9
    Recorded and Corrected Death Rates per 1,000 persons living in Sanitary Districts of London in 1892.
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Recorded death rate, 1892.Corrected death rate, 1892.Comparative mortality figure, 1892. [London 1,000.]Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Recorded death rate, 1892.Cor-rected death rate, 1892.Comparative mortality figure, 1892. [London 1000.]
  • Page 10
    Population at each age period and for each sex per cent. of total population.
    District.Sex.All ages.0—5—10—15—20—25—35—45—55—65—75 and upwards.
  • Page 10
    Mortality and "overcrowding." The death rates prevailing during the period 1885-92 in the various groups of districts shown on chart II. (page 4) were as follows: groups 1 and 2 have, for convenience, been combined—
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room (in tenements of less than five rooms).Death rate "all causes" 1885-92.
  • Page 10
    Infant mortality. The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 births is generally regarded as affording a fair test of the healthiness of a district. In London in 1892 the deaths of children of this age were in the proportion of 154 per 1,000 births, and in England 82.4 per 1,000. In the forty-one sanitary districts of London the proportions were as follows —
    Infant mortality, 1892.Infant mortality, 1892.
    deaths under year of age.Deaths under 1 year to 1,000 births.Deaths under 1 year of ageDeaths under 1 year to 1,000 births.
  • Page 11
    Deaths from several classes of disease. The deaths from certain classes of disease registered in the Registration County of London together with the deaths occurring in the several lunatic asylums and hospitals for infectious disease belonging to the county are given by the Registrar General as follows—
    1892.Corrected annual average 1882-91.
  • Page 11
    The mortality from this disease in later years can be contrasted with that ol former years by reference to Diagram IV. and to the following figures—
    Smallpox death-rate per 1,000.
  • Page 12
    In the year 1892, 425 cases of smallpox were notified, and 299 patients removed from London to the smallpox hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, of whom 23 were found not to be suffering from this disease. The cases notified were distributed throughout the year as follows—
    Week of year.Week endingCases notified.Week of year.Week endingCases notified.
  • Page 12
    The cases notified in, and the deaths belonging to the several sanitary districts are shown in the following table—
    Cases notified.Deaths.Cases notified.Deaths.
  • Page 13
    The report of the Statistical Committee of the Metropolitan Asylums Board for the year 1892. supplies the following figures relating to cases of smallpox admitted during that year into the hospital ships—
  • Page 13
    In 1881 the Registrar General began to classify the deaths from smallpox according to whether the deceased was stated to be vaccinated, unvaccinated, or whether there was no statement as to vaccination. The totals of the twelve years 1881-92 are as follows—
    All ages.0—11—55—2020—4040-6060—8080 and upwards.
  • Page 13
    The proportion in which the vaccinated and unvaccinated died from smallpox at the different ages will be seen by reference to the following figures, the later age of death of the vaccinated contrasting with the earlier age of death of the unvaccinated.
    All ages taken as 100.0—11—55—2020—4040—6060—8080 and upwards.
  • Page 13
    This difference of age-incidence, although less marked, is still observable when the numbers relating to "Vaccinated" and "No statement" are combined, as will be seen by reference to the following table—
    All ages taken as 100.0—11—55—2020—4040—6060—8080 and upwards.
  • Page 14
    Table showing the number of children, per cent, of total births remaining "unaccounted for," including cases postponed, when the Vaccination Returns for the undermentioned years were received.
    Metropolitan Unions.1879.1880.1881.1882.1883.1884.1885.1886.1887.1888.1889.
  • Page 14
    The death rates from this disease per 1,000 living during 1892 and previous periods have been as follows—
  • Page 16
    The following table shows the number of deaths attributed to this disease and the death-rates from this cause in each district in 1892.
    Deaths, 1892.Death rate per 10,000, 1892.Death rate per 10,000, 1885-91.Deaths, 1892.Death rate per 10,000, 1892.Death rate per 10,000. 1885-91.
  • Page 16
    Scarlet Fever. Scarlet fever caused 1,169 deaths in London in 1892, or about twice the number which occurred in the preceding year. The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living during 1892, and previous periods, have been as follows—
  • Page 16
    It is interesting to note that the number of deaths in London per cent. of cases of this disease notified in London during the years since notification of infectious disease has been required, was as follows*—
  • Page 17
    The following table shows the number of cases of scarlet fever notified in, and the number of deaths from this disease belonging to the several sanitary districts. The incidence of mortality from the disease on the several districts in the period 1885-22, will be seen by reference to the accompanying chart VII.
    Cases notified in 1892.Rate per 10,000 in 1892.Deaths in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Death rate 1885-91 per 10,000.
  • Page 18
    Continued from previous page...
    Cases notified in 1892.Rate per 10,000 in 1892.Deaths in 1892.Death rate per 10.000 in 1892.Death rate 1885.91 per 10,000
  • Page 18
    colspan="4">The death rates from this disease per 1,000 living during 1892 and previous periods have been as follows—
  • Page 19
    London death-rate per 1,000 of croup and diphtheria combined.
  • Page 19
    The following table shows the incidence of the disease on the several districts of London in 1885-91 and in 1892, and the accompanying chart (VIII.) shows the relative incidence of the disease upon London sanitary districts in 1885-92.
    *Cases notified in 1892.Cases—Rate per 10,000 in 1892.Deaths in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Bate per 10,000 in 1885-91.
  • Page 20
    Continued from previous page...
    *Cases notified in 1892.Cases—Rate per 10,000 in 1892.Deaths in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Rate per 10,000 in 1885-91.
  • Page 20
    Whooping Cough. The deaths attributed to whooping cough in 1892 numbered 2,491. The death rates from this disease per 1,000 living during 1892 and previous periods have been as follows —
  • Page 20
    Diagram IX. shows the excess and defect of the mortality from this disease in relation to the mean mortality for the period 1841-92, and the accompanying chart (IX.) shows the relative incidence of the disease upon London sanitary districts during the period 1885-92.
    Deaths, 1892.Death rate per 10,000, 1892.Death rate per 10,000, 1885-91.Deaths, 1892.Death rate per 111.000, 1892.Death rate per 10.000, 1885-91.
  • Page 22
    The decline of enteric fever in London, which has been marked in recent years, has been continued—
  • Page 22
    Diagram XI. shows the deviations from the mean enteric fever death rate for each year of the period 1869-92.
    Cases notified in 1892.Case—Rate per 10,000 in 1832.Deaths in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1885 91.
  • Page 23
    Continued from previous page...
    Cases notified in 1892.Case—Rate per 10,000 in 1892.Deaths in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1885-91.
  • Page 23
    Diarrhœa. The deaths in London in the year 1892 attributed to diarrhœa numbered 2,548, giving a death rate of 060 per 1,000 persons living. The death rates in previous periods were as follows—
  • Page 23
    The age distribution of the deaths from this disease registered in London (excluding Penge) in 1892 was as follows—
  • Page 23
    The number of deaths in 1892 and the death rates in 1885-91 and 1892 in the several sanitary. districts are shown in the following table-
    Deaths 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Death rate per ID,000, 1885-91.Deaths, 1892.Death rate per 10,000 in 1892.Death rate per 10,000, 1885-91.
  • Page 27
    The cases were thus distributed in the several districts:—
    Cases.Rate per 10,000.Cases.Rate per 10,000.
  • Page 28
    The cases were thus distributed in the several districts—
    Cases.Rate per 10,000.Cases.Rate per 10,000.
  • Page 28
    Mortality in several weeks, 1892.
    Week of year.Week ending inInfluenza.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.
    Deaths.Corrected average for corresponding week in preceding 10 years.Deaths.Corrected average for corresponding week in preceding 10 years.
  • Page 29
    Mortality in six years.
    Year.Influenza.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.
  • Page 29
    Phthisis. The deaths from phthisis registered in the administrative county of London in 1892 numbered 8,053. The death rates of this disease in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 29
    Cancer. The deaths from cancer registered in the administrative county in the year 1892 numbered 3,180. The death rates of this disease in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 29
    Meteorology. The tables published in the annual summary of the Registrar-General show that the mean temperature of the air in each quarter of the year was below the average of 121 years except in the spring quarter. The temperature and the fall of rain in each month were as follows—
    Temperature of the air.Departure from average of 121 years.Bain.
    Highest by day.Lowest by night.Mean for the month.No. of days it fell.Amount collected.
  • Page 31
    Average number of animals killed weekly.
    Winter.Summer.
  • Page 33
    The number of bakehouses existing in 1892, is shown in reports relating to the following districts—
  • Page 35
    St. Martin-in-the-Fields—The separate use of 3 underground rooms was discontinued.
  • Page 36
    The following table shows the number of police officers employed in previous years and the proceedings taken in respect to smoke nuisances.
    No. of police employedCost.Cases reported.Cases where proceedings were taken.Convictions.Cafes dismissed or withdrawn.
    Sergeant.Constable.Part time constable.
  • Page 38
    Tabular statement showing the procedure of district authorities as to houses represented as unfit for human habitation, and concerning which the Council has received copies of representations during the year ended 31st December, 1892.
    Local authority.Total number of houses concerning which the Council has received information that representations have been made during year ended 51/12/92.Number of houses closed, demolisned or improved by owners without Magisterial intervention.Number of houses for which closing orders were granted.Number of houses lor which closing orders were refused.Number of houses outstanding or concerning which proceedings are in progress.
    Closed.Demolished.Improved.Total.Subsequently demolished.Subsequently improved.No further action.Total.
  • Page 40
    The number of samples analysed in the several districts in proportion to population is shown in the following table—
    No. of sample examined per 1,000 of population (Census, 1891).No. of samples examined per 1,"00 of population (Census,1891).No. of samples examined per 1,000 of population (Census, 1891).
  • Page 41
    The report of the water examiner, Major-General Scott, gives the following table showing the provision made by the several companies drawing their supplies from the Thames and Lee—
    Company.Capacity of subsidence reservoirs.Filters.Thickness of sand in filters.Monthly rate of Filtration per square foot per hour, 1892.
    Cubic contents.Number of days' supply.Area.Area per million gallons of average daily supply.Maximum.Minimum.Mean monthly averages.Maximum monthly averages.
    Gallons, millions.Acres.Acres.Ft.in.Ft.in.Gallons.Gallons.