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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

St Pancras 1920

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for St. Pancras, Metropolitan Borough]

Published
1921
Pages
112
Tables
93

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93 tables in this report

  • Page 10
    The variations in the birth-rate will be seen from the following table which gives the quarterly figures for 8½ years:—
    Year.No. of Births.Total for Year (Un-corected).Total for Year (Corrected).
    1st Qtr.2nd Qtr.3rd Qtr.4th Qtr.
  • Page 11
    The leading causes of death are set out in the following Table for the ten years 1910-1919 and for 1920:—
    Diseases.1910191 119121913191419151916191719181919Average for 10 years.1920
  • Page 13
    1920. Nett Deaths from stated causes at various Ages under 1 Year of Age.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.Under 1 week.1—2 weeks.2—3 weeks.3—4 weeks.Total under 4 weeks.4 weeks & under 3 months.3 months & under 6 months.6 months & under 9 months.9 months & under 12 months.Total Deaths under 1 year.
  • Page 14
    Nett Deaths from stated causes under 1 y ear of Age for 10 Years, 1910—1919, and 1920.
    CAUSE OF DEATH.1910191119121913191419151916191719181919Aver ­ age for 10 years.1920
  • Page 21
    In 1920, 108 children were admitted and discharged, the home being empty at the beginning and end of the year. They are classified for age as follows :—
  • Page 21
    The attendances at the day nurseries in the year ended 31st March, 1921, were as follows:—
  • Page 22
    Midwifery Work. The notifications of births in St. Pancras are classified below (in wards and registration sub-districts) according to the manner in which the mothers were attended in their confinements:—
    Births.W.S.E.N.Total
    45783612
  • Page 23
    "Extern" Midwifery.
  • Page 23
    "Intern" Midwifery.
  • Page 24
    December, 1920, the payment per intern case was increased from 10s. to £1. The amounts paid in respect of 1920 were as follows:—
  • Page 24
    Government Grants. Government Grants were made during the year ended March 31st, 1921, in respect of
  • Page 25
    In the following table the cases are classified according to the manner in which the patients were attended in their confinements:—
    Confinement attended byNo. of cases of Puerperal Fever.Total number of births notified.No. of cases per 1000 births.
  • Page 25
    The cases are classified below according to the manner in which the mothers were attended at their confinement.
    Confinement attended byNo. of cases of Ophthalmia Neonatorum.Total number of births notified.No. of cases per 1000 births.
  • Page 25
    The results of treatment were as follows:—
  • Page 26
    The results were as follows:—
    Primary Cases,Secondary Cases.All Cases.
  • Page 27
    The cases were notified or reported as follows:—
    Measles.German measles.
  • Page 27
    The cases notified, the number of deaths, and the percentage case mortality for the 5 years during which the disease has been notifiable, were as follows:—
    Cases notified.Deaths.Percentage case mortality.
  • Page 27
    WHOOPING COUGH. The number of St. Pancras deaths from whooping cough in the past ten years are as follows:—
  • Page 28
    Section III—PREVALENCE OP AND CONTROL OVER INFECTIOUS DISEASES. The number of cases of the compulsorily notifiable infectious diseases that have been notified during 1920 is shown in the table below, where they are also classified according to ages. The figures have not been corrected for subsequent revision of diagnosis.
    DISEASES.At all Ages.At Ages—Years.
    Under i.1 and under 5.5 and under 10.10 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 65.65 and upwards.
  • Page -
    SAINT PANCRAS, LONDON. WEEKLY NUMBER OF CERTIFIED DEATHS FROM THE DANGEROUS INFECTIOUS DISEASES DURING THE YEAR 1920.
    QuartersFirst Quarter.Second Quarter.Third Quarter.Fourth Quarter.Totals.Quarters
    MonthsJanuary.February.March.April.May.June.July.August.September.October.November.December.Months
  • Page -
    SAINT PANCRAS, LONDON. WEEKLY NUMBER OF INFECTIOUS CASES CERTIFIED TO THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH DURING THE YEAR 1920.
    QuartersFirst Quarter.Second Quarter.Third Quarter.Fourth Quarter.TotalsQuarters
    MonthsJanuary.February.March.April.May.June.J iily.August.September.October.November.December.Months
  • Page 29
    In the following table the number of notifications are set forth for the past 10 years:—
    Diseases.1911191219131914191519161917191819191920
  • Page 30
    The notifications of, and deaths from, the notifiable infectious diseases, are classified in the following tabic according to their Wards and Registration Sub-Districts:—
    INFECTIOUS DISEASES.Notifications.Deaths.
    West. WardSouth. WardEast. WardNorth. WardNo Address.whole Borough.West. WardSouth. WardEast WardNorth. WardNo Address.Whole Borough.
    45783612*5783612
  • Page 31
    The work done during the year by the disinfecting staff is shown in the following table:—
    Disease.No. of Cases.No. of Houses.No. of Rooms Contents Disinfected or Destroyed.No. of Rooms Sprayed and Fumigated.
  • Page 31
    Below is shown the number of articles destroyed or disinfected during the year on account of infectious disease and verminousness:—
    Infectious DiseaseVerminousness.
    Destroyed.Disinfected.Destroyed.Disinfected.
  • Page 32
    The following table shows the number of persons cleansed and disinfected after having been in contact with infectious disease:—
    Males.Females.Children under 10.
  • Page 32
    Cleansing Station. The amount of work done here during the year is indicated in the following tabic. The figures represent the number of attendances. At each attendance the person receives a bath, and his or her clothes are stoved.
    Men.Women.Children under 15.Total.
  • Page 33
    Public Health (Tuberculosis) .Regulations, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from 29 th December, 1919, to the 1st January , 1921 ( inclusive).
    Age Periods.Number of Notifications on Form A.Number of Notifications on Form B..Number of Notifications on Form C.Number of Notifications on Form D.
    Primary Notifications.Total Notifications (i.e.,including cases previously notified by other Doctors),Primary Notifications.Total Notifications (i.e,, including cases previously notified by other Doctors).Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwards.Total.Under 55 to 1010 to 15Total.
  • Page 33
    Age Periods.Number of Primary Notifications on Form C. included in above.Number of Primary Notifications on Form D. included in above.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwards.Total.0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwards.Total.
  • Page 34
    Primary Notifications during 1920.
    Ages.Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Other Tuberculosis.Total all Forms.
    Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 34
    Deaths from Tuberculosis during the Year 1920.
    Ages.Phthisis.Other Tuberculosis.Total.
    Males.Females.Total.Males.Females.Total.
  • Page 35
    The deaths in 1920 are classified in the following table according to the part of the body affected as well as for age and sex:—
    0—11-55—1515—2525—3535—4545—5555—6565—7575—8585 up.Total Males.0-10—15—1515—2525—3535—4545—5555—6565-7575—8585 up.Total Females.Total Persons.
  • Page 36
    In the next table the new cases notified during 1920 are similarly classified.
    Location of Disease.Ages.Total.
    0-55—1515 and upwards.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 36
    The following table shows the number of new notifications and deaths from Tuber-culois, together with the corresponding rates for the past ten years: —
    Year.Estimated Population.Primary Notifications.Deaths.Notification Kate.Death Bate.
    Phthisis.Other forms.All forms.Phthisis.Other forms.All forms.Phthisis.Other forms.All forms.Phthisis.Other formsAll forms.
  • Page 38
    The visiting (and certain other) work carried out in the Borough in connection with tuberculosis during 1920 was as follows:—
  • Page 38
    The work done at the dispensaries in 1920 is shown in the following table :—
    Tuberculosis Dispensary at University College Hospital.Tuberculosis Dispensary at St-Pancras Dispensary 39, Oakley SquareBranch Tuberculosis Dispensary of St. Pancras Dispensary at 132, Maiden Road.
    Insuredpersons.Uninsured persons.Total.Insured persons.Uninsured persons.Total.Insured persons.Uninsured persons.Total.
  • Page 39
    In the following table are set out the corresponding figures for the past 10 years
    Year.No. of Notifications.Notification rate per 1,000 population.No. of Deaths.Death rate per 1,000 population,Case Mortality per cent.Percentage of Cases removed to Hospital.
  • Page 41
    In the following Table are set out the corresponding figures for the past 10 vears
    Year.No. of Notifications.Notification rate per 1,000 population.No. of Deaths.Death rate per 1,000 population.Case mortality per cent.Percentage of cases remored to hospital.
  • Page 42
    The 18 cases were treated as follows:—
    Cases notified.Not typhoid.Diagnosis not contradicted.
  • Page 42
    The number of cases of typhoid fever, corrected for errors of diagnosis, which have been notified since 1913, and the number of these cases which have died, are shown in the following table:—
    Year.Cases notified.Fatal cases.Case Mortality per cent.
  • Page 43
    Particulars in regard to the cases are set out in the following table:—
    Date of Notification.Date of Onset.Date of Death.Age.Sex.Ward and District.Bacteriological Examination, etc.
  • Page 44
    Continued from previous page...
    Cases notified.Fatal cases.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 46
    The following is an analysis of the cases notified and visited :—
    Age and Sex.Acute Primary Pneumonia.Influenzal Pneumonia.
  • Page 48
    Deaths from Influenza, Heart Disease, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis reported in each week in 1918, 1919, and 1920.
    Week No. 1918Influenza.Diseases of Heart.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Week No. 1919Influenza.Diseases of Heart.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Week No. 1920Influenza.Diseases of Heart,Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
  • Page 49
    SYPHILIS. In the following table are given the age and sex distribution of deaths certified during 1920 as due to (a) declared syphilis, (b) locomotor ataxy and general paralysis of the insane, which are believed by most experts to be late manifestations of the disease, and (c) aortic aneurysm, which many authorities now consider to be at any rate frequently caused by it:—
    0—11—55—1515—2525—3535—4545—5555—6565—7575—8585 up.Total Males.0—11—55—1515—2525—3535—4545—5555—6565—7575—8585 up.Total Females.Total Persons.
  • Page 49
    The sex distribution of the deaths and death-rates is shown in the following table:—
    Sex.No. of Deaths.Death-rates per 1,000 males or females living (based on 1911 Census),
  • Page 49
    The deaths registered as due to cancer are set out in the following table for the past 13 years: —
    Sex,190819091910191119121913191419151916191719181919Average for 12 years.1920
  • Page 50
    Notices served and result of service. —3,719 intimation notices (comprising 8,422 items) were served by the Sanitary Inspectors during 1920. These were made up as follows—
    District Inspectors.Factory & Workshop Inspector.Food Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Total.
  • Page 51
    Summonses. Under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891 ( except in respect of Food).
    Situation of Property.Offence.Date of Hearing of Summons.Result of Proceedings.
  • Page 51
    Metropolis Management Act , 1855.
    Situation of Property.Offence,Date of Hearing of Summonses.Result of Proceedings.
  • Page 52
    The sanitary inspectors have the duty of supervising all work upon drains, including construction, reconstruction and repairs. During the year the following work has been done under this heading:—
    First inspections.Consequent re-inspections.
  • Page 52
    The tests which have been applied to drains during 1920 are shown in the following table:—
    After Infectious Disease.Upon Complaint.Upon systematic InspectionOld Buildings.New Buildings at completion of work.Total.
    At commencement of work.At completion of work.
  • Page 53
    Drainage Register. —The following is an analysis of the Drainage Register during 1920:—
  • Page 53
    Water Service. The following notices have been receive 1 during the year from the Metropolitan Water Board as to houses from which water has been cut off:—
  • Page 54
    1. —Inspections made by Male and Female Sanitary Inspectors.
    Premises. (1)Number of
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 54
    2.—D efects Found.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspectors.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
  • Page 55
    4.—Registered Workshops.
    Workshops on the Register (Sec. 131) at the end of the year.Numbers.
    (1)(2)
  • Page 55
    5.—Other Matters.
    ClassNumber
    (1)(2)
  • Page 56
    The number of factories, workshops and workplaces added to and removed from the register during 1920 was as follows: —
    Added to register.Removed from register.On Register at end of 1920.
  • Page 56
    The number of inspections that were made during 1920 were as follows:—
    Factory and Workshop Inspector.Woman Sanitary Inspector.Total.
    Inspections.Ee-in-spections.Inspections.Re-inspections.Inspections.Re-inspections.
  • Page 57
    Medical Inspection of Children in Elementary Schools in St. Pancras, 1920.
    Entrants.Age 8.Age 12.Age 14.
    Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.
  • Page 58
    Continued from previous page...
    Clothing.Nutrition.Cleanliness of Head.Cleanliness of Body.Condition of Teeth.Vision.
    *1231234123123123123
  • Page 60
    Table I. Examinations of Farmers' Milks sampled on delivery at railway stations in St. Pancras.
    Date of Sampling, 1920.No. of Specimen.b. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies ' growing at 37 deg. C per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 61
    Table I.— continued.
    Date of Sampling, 1920.No. of Specimen.b. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg. C per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 61
    Table II. Effect of Pasteurisation carried out on Milks traced from Railway Depots to the Dairy.
    Date of Sampling, 1920.No. of Specimen.b. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg. C per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 62
    Table III. Examination of Pasteurised Milk.
    Date of Sampling 1920.No. of Specimen.B. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg C. per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C. per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 62
    Table IV. Local Cow Shed Milk.
    Date of Sampling 1920.No. of Specimen.B. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg. C. per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C. per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 63
    Table V. Milks traced from Wholesale Dairy to Retailers.
    Date of Sampling, 1920.No. of Specimen.b. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg. C. per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C. per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 63
    Table VI. A specimen of milk traced from its arrival at the railway depot (specimens 11 and 12) to the wholesale dairy where it was pasteurised (specimen 14), to when it was sold in a retail general shop (specimen 15).
    Date of Sampling, 1920.No. of Specimen.b. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg. C. per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C. per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 64
    Table VII. Examinations oj specimens of retail milk.
    Date of Sampling, 1920.No. of Specimen.b. Coli per ccm.Spore-bearing Anaerobes present.Colonies growing at 37 deg. C. per ccm.Colonies growing at 22 deg. C. per ccm.Streptococci per ccm.
  • Page 69
    He was guided by the following scale of income approved by the Council in Ja .uary, families in receipt of an income greater than that indicated in the scale being as a rule ineligible for grants of milk:—
  • Page 69
    The new scale was as follows:—
  • Page 71
    The extent of the scheme is indicated in the following figures:—
    Pints of Milk granted free.Pints of Milk granted half-price.Cost to Council.
  • Page 72
    753 samples have been taken under these Acts, and 723 of these proved to be genuine and 30, or 40 per cent., adulterated. The details are given in the following table : —
    Articles of food of which samples have been taken.Total number of samples.Genuine.Adulterated.
  • Page 73
    Prosecutions were undertaken in respect of 17 of the 30 samples which were reported as being adulterated. These are set out in the following table:— Summonses —Under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts.
    No. of Sample.Article.Result of Analysis.Date of Hearing of Summons.Result of Proceedings.
    Penalty.Coats.
  • Page 84
    Table No. 1. VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DISTRICT OF ST. PANCRAS DURING 1920 AND PREVIOUS YEARS.
    Year.Population estimated to middle of each Year.Civil Population.Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferarle DeathsNett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected Number.Nett.of Nonresidents registered in the District.of Residents not registered in the District.Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number.Rate.Number.Rate.Number.Rate per 1,000 Nett Births.Number.Rate.
  • Page 85
    Table No. 2. Deaths Registered from all Causes for the Year 1920. Note.—The Deaths of Non-Residents occurring in Public Institutions situated in the Borough are exoluded, and the Deaths of Residents occurring in Public lnstitutions situated beyond the limits of the Borough are included.
    Cause of Death.ages.
    0 to 11 to 22 to 5Total under 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 to 7575 to 8558 and UpwardTotals.
  • Page 86
    D eaths Registered from all Causes for the Year, 1920—continued.
    Cause of Death.ages
    0 to 11 to22 to 5lotal under 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 to 7575 to 8585 and upwardsTotals.
  • Page 87
    Deaths Registered from all Causes for the Year, 1920— continued.
    Cause of Death,ages.
    0 to 11 tc 22 to 5Total i under 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 to 7575 to 8585 and upwardsTotals.
  • Page 88
    Deaths Registered from all Causes for the Year, 1920— continued.
    Cause of Death.AGES.
    0 to 11 to 22 to 5Total under 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 to 7575 to 8585 and upwardsTotals.
    M.F.M.F.m.F.M.F.M,F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M,F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.PERSONS
  • Page 89
    Table No. 3. Summary of Ages.
    0 to 11 to 22 to 5Total under 5 years.5 to 1010 to 1515 to 2525 to 3585 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 to 7575 to 8585 and upwardsTotals.
  • Page 90
    Table No. 4. Total Births, Total Deaths, and Infantile Deaths, with corresponding rates, for each Ward and Registration Sub-District. In this Table the estimated population, total or civil, is distributed amongst the Wards and Sub-districts in the same proportion as at the 1911 Census; the transferred births are allocated to the Wards and Sub-districts in proportion to their respective populations, but some of the births which took place in St. l ancras institutions are not redistributed, but are allocated to the districts in which the institutions are situated; and deaths of residents which took place outside of the Borough and deaths in public institutions are classified in the respective Sub-districts and Wards of their previous residence.
    Registration Sub-Districts.Wards.Net Births.Birth-rate per 1,000 total p pulation.Net Deaths.Death-rate per 1,oco civil population.Deaths under 1 year of age.Infantile Death-rate per 1000 Births.
  • Page 91
    Table No . 5.—Showing the Birth rates, Death rates, and Infantile Mortality rates of England and Wales and certain of the large Towns, and of London and the Metropolitan Boroughs for 1920. (52 weeks ended 1st January, 1921.)
    Population (Civilian) as Estimated by the Registrar. General in the middle of 1920.Birth Rate.Death Rate.Infantile Mortality.Population (Civilian) as Estimated by the Registrar. General in the middle of 1920.Birth Rate.Death Rate. (Crude),Infantile Mortality.
  • Page 92
    Table No. 6. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR SAINT PANCRAS, 1920. (Extracted from the Monthly Returns of the Meteorological Office.) Deduced from Observations at Camden Square, n.w., under the Superintendence of H. Robert Mill, d.sc., ll.d.
    January.February.March.April.May.June.July.August.September.October.November.December.
  • Page 93
    Table No. 7. Inspections and Re-inspections made by District Inspectors, by the Factory and Workshop (Male) Inspector and by Women Inspectors in connection with certain infectious diseases during the year 1920.
    DUTIES AND PREMISES.Male Inspectors.Temporary Women Inspectors.Total.
    Inspections.Re-inspections.Inspections.Re-inspections.Inspections.Re-inspections.
  • Page 94
    Table No. 8. 94 Inspections and Re-Inspect ions and other work of the Food Inspectors during 1920.
  • Page 95
    Table No. 8— con. Inspections and Re-inspections and other work of the Food Inspectors during 1920.
    DUTIES AND PREMISES.Visits and Inspections.Re-Inspections after Intimation Notices
    Mr. Auger.Mr. Child.Totals.Mr. Auger.Mr. Child.Totals.
  • Page 96
    Table No. 9. Visits, etc., made by Women Inspectors during 1920.
    First Visits.Subsequent Visits.Call made but admission not obtained.
    Miss Bibby.Miss Smith.*Miss Payne.*Miss Anthony.Mrs. Hunter.Miss Anderson.Miss Blaxland.Miss Camman.Miss Parnell.†Miss Steggles.Total.Miss Bibby.Miss Smith.*Miss Payne.Miss Anthony.Mrs. Hunter.Miss Anderson.Miss Blaxland.Miss Camman.Miss Parnell.†Miss Steggles.Total.Miss Bibby. |Miss Smith.*Miss Payne.*Miss Anthony.Mrs. Hunter.Miss Anderson.Miss Blaxland.Miss Camman.Miss Parnell.fMiss Steggles.Total.Grand Total.
  • Page 97
    Table No. 10. Total Number of Inspections and Re-inspections made by individual Inspectors and Visitors during the year 1920.
    Inspector.Inspections.Re-inspections.Call made but admission not obtained." Food Control."Total.
    Inspections.Re-inspections.
  • Page 98
    Table No. 11. Intimations as to Nuisances and Breaches of Statutes and By-laws served by the Sanitary Inspectors during 1920, and the resulting Statutory Notices in 1920 and the early part of 1921.
    Schedule of Nuisances.Intimations.Statutory Notices.
  • Page 98
    Table No. 12.
    Registered Tenement Houses—Breaches of By-Laws.Intimations.Statuterv Notices.
  • Page 99
    Tajsle No. 13.
    Factories, Workshops and Work Places—Breaches of Statutes.Intimations.Statutory Notices.
  • Page 99
    Table No. 14.
    Braiches of other Statutes and Statutory By-laws.Intimations.Statutory Notices.