[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Lambeth Borough]

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Unemployment. The following tables indicate the extent of unemployment among Lambeth residents :— (1) Average Number of Residents Registered as Unemployed in 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935.

Date	Men	Women	Juveniles	Total

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(2) Number of Residents Registered as Unemployed at Monthly Dates in 1935.

Date	Men	Women	Juveniles	Total

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The standard of nutrition of Lambeth children on entering the County Council Schools is of interest when read in conjunction with the unemployment figures in the preceding tables :—

	1932—3,606 Children			1933—3,409 Children
	Good	Average	Below Normal	Good	Average	Below Normal

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The following Table shows both actual numbers and the percentage of total deaths in the various age groups. It is of interest to note that the number of deaths in the age period 65 and over was more than one-half the total deaths :—

All Ages	0—	1—	2—	5—	15—

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25—	35—	45—	55—	65—	75—

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Estimated Population, 1935 (Middle of the Year.) I. Wards.

Wards	Males	Females	Total

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II. Registration Sub-Districts

Sub-Districts	Males	Females	Total

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III. Parliamentary Divisions.

Parliamentary Divisions	Wards	Total

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TABLE A. Giving Number of Live Births in each Registration Sub-District of the Borough of Lambeth During the Year ended 31st December, 1935 (arranged Quarterly).

Registration Sub-Districts	No. of Births		Registration Sub-Districts	No. of Births
Registration Sub-Districts	1st Quarter		Registration Sub-Districts	2nd Quarter	3rd Quarter	4th Quarter

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TABLE B Showing Populations (Estimated), Uncorrected Registered Births, Corrected Deaths at all ages, under 1 year, under 5 years, and from the 7 chief zymotic diseases, during 1935, the 4 previous years and the averages for the four decennia 1891-1900, 1901-1910, 1911-1920, and 1921-1930.

Year	Estimated Population	Number of Births Registered	Corrected Numbers of Deaths
			All Ages	Under 1 year	Under 5 years	Deaths from 7 Chief Zymotic Diseases

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TABLE C. Showing the Birth Rate, the General and Zymotic Death Rates, the Infantile Mortality Rates for the Year 1935, and the figures for the Four Previous Years, together with the Averages for the Four Decennia 1891-1900, 1901-1910, 1911-1920, and 1921-1930.

Year	Birth-Rate per 1,000 Population (uncorrected)	Death-Rate per 1,000 Population (corrected)	Corrected Deaths of Children under 1 year per 1,000 total Births	Deaths of Children under 1 year per 1,000 Deaths (corrected)	Deaths of Children under 5 years per 1,000 Deaths (corrected)	Zymotic Death-Rate per 1,000 Population (corrected)

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TABLE D. Vital Statistics of the Borough of Lambeth During 1935 and Previous Five Years (1930-1934)

Year	Population estimated to Middle of each Year	Births			Total Deaths Registered in District		Transferable Deaths		Net Deaths Belonging to the District
		Uncorrected Number	Net		Number *	Rate	of non-residents registered in the District †	of non-residents registered in the District †	Under 1 Year of Age		At all Ages
		Uncorrected Number	Number	Rate	Number *	Rate	of non-residents registered in the District †	of non-residents registered in the District †	Number *	Rate per 1,000 Net Births	Number *	Rate
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13

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TABLE E. Summary of Statistics Relating to the Metropolitan Boroughs for the Year, 1935.

Cities and Boroughs	Estimated Population to Mid-year 1935	Births Annual rate per 1,000 persons living	Death-rate per 1,000 living Crude	Death-rate per 1,000 living Adjusted	Deaths of infants under 1 year per 1,000 births

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TABLE F. Birth-Rate, Death-Rate, and Analysis of Mortality During the Year 1935 (Provisional figures).

—	Rate per 1,000 Total Population		Annual Death-rate per 1,000 Population									Rate per 1,000 Births
	Rate per 1,000 Total Population		All Causes	Enteric Fever	Smallpox	Measles	Scarlet Fever	Whooping Cough	Diphtheria	Influenza	Violence	Diarrhoea & Enteritis (under two years)	Total Deaths under one year
	Live Births	Stillbirths	All Causes	Enteric Fever	Smallpox	Measles	Scarlet Fever	Whooping Cough	Diphtheria	Influenza	Violence	Diarrhoea & Enteritis (under two years)	Total Deaths under one year

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TABLE G. Causes of, and Ages at, Death (Corrected) During the Year, 1935.

Causes of Death	Net Deaths at the Subjoined Ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the District
Causes of Death	All Ages		Under 1 year	1 and under 2 years	2 and under 5 years		5 and under 15 years	15 and under 25 years	25 and under 45 years	45 and under 65 years	65 and under 75 years	75 and upwards

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TABLE H. Showing the corrected number of Deaths, with corrected Death-rates (general, zymotic and diarrhœal), in each of the Registration Sub-Districts of the Borough during 1935.

Registration Sub-Districts.	Total Deaths	General Death-rate per 1,000 of the Population.	Total Deaths (corrected) from							Total Zymotic Deaths.	Zymotic Death-rate per 1,000 of the Population.	Diarrhceal Death-rate per 1,000 of the Population.
Registration Sub-Districts.	Total Deaths	General Death-rate per 1,000 of the Population.	Small Pox	Measles	Scarlet Fever	Diphtheria	Whooping Cough	Typhoid or Enteric	Diarrhoea and Dysentery	Total Zymotic Deaths.	Zymotic Death-rate per 1,000 of the Population.	Diarrhceal Death-rate per 1,000 of the Population.

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In the Registration Sub-Districts, the corrected infantile mortality varies thus :—

Registration Sub-Districts	Total No. of Births	Total Deaths under 1 year	Infantile Mortality per 1,000 Births

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TABLE I. Infantile Mortality, 1935. Net Deaths from stated causes at various Ages under 1 Year of Age.

	Under 1 week	1-2 weeks	2-3 weeks	3-4 weeks	Total under 1 month	1-3 months	3-6 months	6-9 months	9-12 months	Total Deaths under 1 year

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Stillbirths. The following particulars regarding stillbirths registered in Lambeth during 1935 have been received from the Registrar General:—

	Stillbirths registered	Inward transfers.	Outward transfers	Corrected totals

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Mortality (All ages). The mortality rates from different diseases and groups of diseases are given in terms of total deaths per 1,000 of the estimated population, with the exception of the infantile mortality rate which is expressed in terms of the corrected number of births.

			Quinquennium
	1935	1934	1933	1926-1930

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Of the total 5,698 notified births, 4,307 took place in Institutions, and of these, 1,870 belong to Lambeth, and 2,437 to outside districts, thus:—

Institutions.	Lambeth Cases	Strangers	Totals

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(b) Infectious disease.

	Pneumonia (all forms)	Whooping Cough	Chicken- Pox	Influenza	Bronchitis	Scarlet Fever	Mumps

Page 31

The figures giving the cost of the Lambeth Milk Assistance Scheme and the quantities distributed, both ordinary cow's milk as well as the various forms of dried milk since its inception on 8th February, 1918, are shown in the following table:—

Years (Financial)	Cost of Milk distributed						Total Cost			Total amount of Milk distributed in gallons (approximately)
Years (Financial)	Through Welfare Centres			Through Milk Depot			Total Cost			Total amount of Milk distributed in gallons (approximately)
1918-19 (3 months)	£	s.	d.	£	s.	d.	£	s.	d.
1918-19 (3 months)	232	15	3	69	4	3	301	19	6	3,151

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The Scheme, made under section 101 (6) Local Government Act, 1929, which will be in operation for the four financial years, 1st April, 1933, to 31st March, 1937, provides that the Council shall pay by way of annual contribution to each of the Voluntary Associations named in column 1 of the following table in respect of the service mentioned in column 2 thereof the sum specified in column 3:—

(1) Name of Association	(2) Service in respect of which Contribution is payable	(3) Amount of Annual Contribution
		£

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Applications dealt with during 1935.

Welfare Centre	Applications received	Applications withdrawn, refused or cancelled

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SUMMARY RELATING TO THE WORK AT WELFARE CENTRES—continued

WELFARE CENTRE		North Marsh	Barley Mow	North Lambeth Babies' Care	Moffat	" Rose McAndrew"	St. Anne's	North Brixton	Loughborough Junction	Stockwell	Brixton	West Norwood	St. Thomas's Hospital (Main Building)	St. Thomas's Hospital (37 Royal St.)	General Lying-in Hospital	Totals

Page 41

The cost to the Local Authority of the Lambeth Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme since its inception in 1916, and the fall in the infantile mortality year by year are shown in the following table, together with the percentage of Lambeth children entering the County Council Elementary Schools afflicted with some physical defect or defects:—

Year	Cost to the Borough Council (Financial Year)			Infantile Mortality	Percentage of children entering school with one or more physical defects
							£	s.	d.

Page 42

The causes giving rise to the notifications are detailed in the following table:—

Cause	Primiparae	Multiparae	Ante-natal care
					Yes	No

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Sanitary Inspection of the Area. 5,450 Notices were served during the year 1935, as follows: — Public Health (London) Act, Metropolis Local Management Acts Housing Acts, etc.

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(c) Housing Inspectors.

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Summary of Work Carried Out by the 11 District Sanitary Inspectors during 1935.

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Home Office Table. Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. 1.—Inspection of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces (Including inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances)

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2.—Defects found in Factories, Workshops and Workplaces

Particulars	Number of Defects			Number of offences in respect of which prosecutions were instituted
	Found	Remedied	Referred to H.M. Inspector
					(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)

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Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.

Nature of Work	Instances	Notices served	Prosecutions
Nature of Work	Instances	Notices served	Prosecutions	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)

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Summary of Work carried out by the Women Sanitary Inspectors during 1935.

Page 54

	Lambeth Baths : Fill and empty with Chloros added		Other Baths : Fill and empty with Chloros added (last day before refill)	Other Baths : Continuous purification	M.W.B. water
	Men's	Women's		Other Baths : Continuous purification	M.W.B. water

Page 65

65 66 Form C. OVERCROWDING SURVEY.—SUMMARY, 1935

Equivalent number of persons in family		Number of families containing the equivalent number of persons in the first column occupying dwellings with the permitted number shown at the head of this column.																									Totals of Families
Equivalent number of persons in family		1	1	2	2½	3	3½	4	4½	5	5½	6	6½	7	7½	8	8½	9	9½	10	10½	11	11½	12	12½	13	Over-crowded	Not Over-crowded	Total

Page 70

"Table H (Adjusted) "

Additional dwellings required on the standard of Table I in the first Schedule to the 1935 Act (Table F)		Additional dwellings required on the standard of 1 J persons a room (using the percentages in Table G)
											Size	Number	3 rooms	4 rooms	5 rooms	6 rooms	7 rooms	8 rooms	9 rooms	10 rooms	Total

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Housing Applications, 1935.

Number of Persons in Family	Number of Rooms Occupied						Total Persons
Number of Persons in Family	1	2	3	4	5	6	Total Persons

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In addition to the above-mentioned carcases or parts of carcases the following unsound food was condemned and destroyed:—

Fish—	tons	cwts.	qrs.	lbs.

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Fruit and Vegetables—

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Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Food Particulars of the 2,000 samples of Food and Drugs procured for analysis by the Public Analyst will be found in the following table.

Samples	Formal		Informal
	Number Analysed	Number Adulterated	Number Analysed	Number Adulterated

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Food and Drugs.—continued.

Samples	Formal .		Informal
	Number Analysed	. Number Adulterated	Number Analysed	Number Adulterated

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Food and Drugs.—continued.

Samples	Formal		Informal
	Number Analysed	Number Adulterated	Number Analysed	Number Adulterated

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TABLE J. Statistics of Notifiable Diseases.

	Cases notified	Attack-rate per 1,000	Deaths registered	Case mortality per 100	Cases removed to hospital	Per cent, of cases removed	Infected houses	Annual Average of cases notified 1921-1930

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TABLE K. Distribution of Cases Notified During the Year 1935.

Notifiable Disease	Number of Cases Notified								Total Cases Notified in each Registration Sub-District				Total Cases Removed to Hospital
	At all Ages	At Ages—Years							Lambeth North	Princes	Lambeth Central	Lambeth South	Lambeth North	Princes	Lambeth Central	Lambeth South
	At all Ages	Under 1	1 to 5	J5 to 15	15 to 25	25 to 45	45 to 65	65 and upwards	Lambeth North	Princes	Lambeth Central	Lambeth South	Lambeth North	Princes	Lambeth Central	Lambeth South

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Vaccination. Return showing the Numbers of Persons successfully vaccinated and re-vaccinated at the cost of the rates by the Medical Officers of the County Council Institutions and the Public Vaccinators during the Year 1935.

Name of Institution or Vaccination District	Name of the Medical Officer or Public Vaccinator	Numbers of successful primary vaccinations of persons			Number of successful re-vaccinations, i.e., successful vaccinations of persons who had been successfully vaccinated at some previous time	Number of unsuccessful vaccinations or re-vaccinations of persons
Name of Institution or Vaccination District	Name of the Medical Officer or Public Vaccinator	Under one year of age	One year and upwards	Total

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Diphtheria Prevention—1935. Statistics for the year ended 31s&lt; December, 1935.

*A Clinic at 212 Camberwell New Road		Under 1 Year	1 to 4	4 to 5	5 to 10	10 to 15	15 and over	Totals

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The proportion of specimens found to be positive out of all those submitted was 12.01 per cent, (in the previous year, 13.33 per cent).

Nature of Specimen	Result of Examination		Total
Nature of Specimen	Negative	Positive	Total

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Tuberculosis. The numbers of cases of tuberculosis on the Lambeth Register of Notifications on December 31st, 1935, were as follows:—

	Males	Females	Totals

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TABLE L. Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1930. Summary of Notifications received during the period from January 1st, 1935, to December 31st, 1935.

Age Periods	Formal Notifications
	Number of Primary Notifications of new cases of Tuberculosis												*Total Notifications (i.e., including cases previously notified)
														0 to 1	1 to 5	5 to 10	10 to 15	15 to 20	20 to 25	25 to 35	35 to 45	45 to 55	55 to 65	upwards	Total

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1.—Age Periods.

	0 to 1	1 to 5	5 to 10	10 to 15	15 to 20	20 to 25	25 to 35	35 to 45	45 to 55	55 to 65	65 and upwards	Total cases

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2.—Source of Information.

		Pulmonary	NonPulmonary

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TABLE L (2). Public Health (Tuberculosis Regulations, 1930 Summary of Notification Certificates, etc., received during the period from January 1st, 1935, to December 31st, 1935.

Registration Sub-Districts	Formal Notifications (Table L)								Others (Table L 1*
	Pulmonary				Non-Pulmonary				Pulmonary	NonPulmonary
	A.		I.	II.	A.		I.	II.	Pulmonary	NonPulmonary

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Deaths from Tuberculosis.

	Age Periods
	0	1	5	10	15	20	25	35	45	55	65 and upwards	Total

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The details of the tuberculosis deaths in the various Registration Sub-Districts are:—

Registration sub-Districts	Deaths from
Registration sub-Districts	Pulmonary Tuberculosis	Other Forms Tuberculosis	Total Deaths Tuberculosis	Tuberculosis rate per 1,000 population (Pulmonarv)	Tuberculosis rate per 1,000 population (all forms)

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Death-rates and incidence-rates (primary cases) per 1,000 population:—

Years	Borough Mortality		Borough Incidence
	Borough Mortality		Borough Incidence		Pulmonary Tuberculosis	Tuberculosis (all forms)	Pulmonary Tuberculosis	Tuberculosis (all forms)

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CENTRAL DISPENSARY (73 Effra Road, Brixton).

Diagnosis	Pulmonary				Non-Pulmonary				Total
	Adults		Children		Adults		Children		Adults		Children
	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.

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1. Number of cases on Dispensary Register on January 1st, 1935 1,046 8. Number of visits by Tuberculosis Officer to Homes (including personal consultations) 692

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BRANCH DISPENSARY (St. Thomas's Hospital).

Diagnosis	Pulmonary				Non-Pulmonary				Total
	Adults		Children		Adults		Children		Adults		Children
	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.	M.	F.

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1. Number of cases on Dispensary Register on January 1st, 1935 531 8. Number of visits by Tuberculosis Officers to Homes (including personal consultations) 216

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Mortuaries and Coroner's Courts. Details of the work carried out in connection with the two Lambeth Mortuaries:—

	*High Street, S.E. 1.		Wanless Road, S.E. 24.		Totals

London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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Lambeth 1935

65 tables in this report

Unemployment. The following tables indicate the extent of unemployment among Lambeth residents :— (1) Average Number of Residents Registered as Unemployed in 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935.

(2) Number of Residents Registered as Unemployed at Monthly Dates in 1935.

The standard of nutrition of Lambeth children on entering the County Council Schools is of interest when read in conjunction with the unemployment figures in the preceding tables :—

The following Table shows both actual numbers and the percentage of total deaths in the various age groups. It is of interest to note that the number of deaths in the age period 65 and over was more than one-half the total deaths :—

Continued from previous page...

Estimated Population, 1935 (Middle of the Year.) I. Wards.

II. Registration Sub-Districts

III. Parliamentary Divisions.

TABLE A. Giving Number of Live Births in each Registration Sub-District of the Borough of Lambeth During the Year ended 31st December, 1935 (arranged Quarterly).

TABLE B Showing Populations (Estimated), Uncorrected Registered Births, Corrected Deaths at all ages, under 1 year, under 5 years, and from the 7 chief zymotic diseases, during 1935, the 4 previous years and the averages for the four decennia 1891-1900, 1901-1910, 1911-1920, and 1921-1930.

TABLE C. Showing the Birth Rate, the General and Zymotic Death Rates, the Infantile Mortality Rates for the Year 1935, and the figures for the Four Previous Years, together with the Averages for the Four Decennia 1891-1900, 1901-1910, 1911-1920, and 1921-1930.

TABLE D. Vital Statistics of the Borough of Lambeth During 1935 and Previous Five Years (1930-1934)

TABLE E. Summary of Statistics Relating to the Metropolitan Boroughs for the Year, 1935.

TABLE F. Birth-Rate, Death-Rate, and Analysis of Mortality During the Year 1935 (Provisional figures).

TABLE G. Causes of, and Ages at, Death (Corrected) During the Year, 1935.

TABLE H. Showing the corrected number of Deaths, with corrected Death-rates (general, zymotic and diarrhœal), in each of the Registration Sub-Districts of the Borough during 1935.

In the Registration Sub-Districts, the corrected infantile mortality varies thus :—

TABLE I. Infantile Mortality, 1935. Net Deaths from stated causes at various Ages under 1 Year of Age.

Stillbirths. The following particulars regarding stillbirths registered in Lambeth during 1935 have been received from the Registrar General:—

Mortality (All ages). The mortality rates from different diseases and groups of diseases are given in terms of total deaths per 1,000 of the estimated population, with the exception of the infantile mortality rate which is expressed in terms of the corrected number of births.

Of the total 5,698 notified births, 4,307 took place in Institutions, and of these, 1,870 belong to Lambeth, and 2,437 to outside districts, thus:—

(b) Infectious disease.

The figures giving the cost of the Lambeth Milk Assistance Scheme and the quantities distributed, both ordinary cow's milk as well as the various forms of dried milk since its inception on 8th February, 1918, are shown in the following table:—

Applications dealt with during 1935.

SUMMARY RELATING TO THE WORK AT WELFARE CENTRES—continued

The causes giving rise to the notifications are detailed in the following table:—

Sanitary Inspection of the Area. 5,450 Notices were served during the year 1935, as follows: — Public Health (London) Act, Metropolis Local Management Acts Housing Acts, etc.

(c) Housing Inspectors.

Summary of Work Carried Out by the 11 District Sanitary Inspectors during 1935.

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Home Office Table. Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. 1.—Inspection of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces (Including inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances)

2.—Defects found in Factories, Workshops and Workplaces

Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.

Summary of Work carried out by the Women Sanitary Inspectors during 1935.

65 66 Form C. OVERCROWDING SURVEY.—SUMMARY, 1935

"Table H (Adjusted) "

Housing Applications, 1935.

In addition to the above-mentioned carcases or parts of carcases the following unsound food was condemned and destroyed:—

Fruit and Vegetables—

Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Food Particulars of the 2,000 samples of Food and Drugs procured for analysis by the Public Analyst will be found in the following table.

Food and Drugs.—continued.

Food and Drugs.—continued.

TABLE J. Statistics of Notifiable Diseases.

TABLE K. Distribution of Cases Notified During the Year 1935.

Vaccination. Return showing the Numbers of Persons successfully vaccinated and re-vaccinated at the cost of the rates by the Medical Officers of the County Council Institutions and the Public Vaccinators during the Year 1935.

Diphtheria Prevention—1935. Statistics for the year ended 31s&amp;lt; December, 1935.

The proportion of specimens found to be positive out of all those submitted was 12.01 per cent, (in the previous year, 13.33 per cent).

Tuberculosis. The numbers of cases of tuberculosis on the Lambeth Register of Notifications on December 31st, 1935, were as follows:—

TABLE L. Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1930. Summary of Notifications received during the period from January 1st, 1935, to December 31st, 1935.

1.—Age Periods.

2.—Source of Information.

TABLE L (2). Public Health (Tuberculosis Regulations, 1930 Summary of Notification Certificates, etc., received during the period from January 1st, 1935, to December 31st, 1935.

Deaths from Tuberculosis.

The details of the tuberculosis deaths in the various Registration Sub-Districts are:—

Death-rates and incidence-rates (primary cases) per 1,000 population:—

CENTRAL DISPENSARY (73 Effra Road, Brixton).

1. Number of cases on Dispensary Register on January 1st, 1935 1,046 8. Number of visits by Tuberculosis Officer to Homes (including personal consultations) 692

BRANCH DISPENSARY (St. Thomas's Hospital).

1. Number of cases on Dispensary Register on January 1st, 1935 531 8. Number of visits by Tuberculosis Officers to Homes (including personal consultations) 216

Mortuaries and Coroner's Courts. Details of the work carried out in connection with the two Lambeth Mortuaries:—

Diphtheria Prevention—1935. Statistics for the year ended 31s< December, 1935.