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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

City of London 1920

Report of the Medical Officer of Health of the City of London for the year 1920

Published
1921
Author
Howarth, William. J.
Pages
78
Tables
73

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73 tables in this report

  • Page 8
    VACCINATION STATISTICS IN THE CITY OF LONDON.
    Year.Number of Births notified to Vaccination Officer.Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible.Had Small-pox.Died before Vaccination.Vaccination postponed.Cases pending or removed at the end of the year.Conscientious objections.
  • Page 9
    CITY OF LONDON COMPARED WITH THE METROPOLIS FOR THE YEAR 1920 AND THE PREVIOUS FIVE YEARS.
    City of London.Birth Rate.Death Rate.Deaths of Children under 1 year to 1,000 Births.Violent Deaths, per cent. of Deaths Registered.Deaths from principal Zymotic Disease per 1,000 of the Population.
    Estimated Night Population (Imperial Census).Estimated Day Population (Corporation Census).City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.City.Metropolis.
  • Page 10
    Name of District: CITY OF LONDON.
    Year. 1Population estimated to Middle of each Year. 2Births.Total Deaths Registered in the District.Transferable Deaths.‡Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
    Uncorrected number. 3Nett.Number. ♦ 6Rate. 7of Nonresidents registered in the District. † 8of Residents not registered in the District. † 9Under 1 Year of Age.At all Ages.
    Number. † 4Rate. 5Number. * 10Rate per 1,000 nett Births. 11Number. 12Rate. 13
  • Page 11
    CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT, DEATH DURING THE YEAR 1920.
    Causes of Death.Nett Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring within or without the district (a).Total Deaths whether of "residents" or "non- "Residents " in institutions in the district' (b).
    All ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 2 years.2 and under 5 years.5 and under 16 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 and upwards.
    1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
  • Page 12
    PERCENTAGE Of REGISTERED DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE.
    Year.City of London.Metropolis.
    Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 12
    DEATH RATES, PER 1,000 PER ANNUM.
    Year.City of London.96 Great Towns of England and Wales.Metropolis.
  • Page 13
    CITY OF LONDON. INFANTILE MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1920. Nett Deaths from stated Causes at Various Ages under One Year of Age.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 4 Weeks.4 Weeks and under 3 Months.3 Months and under 6 Months.6 Months and under 9 Months.9 Months and under 12 Months.Total Deaths under 1 Year.
  • Page 15
    NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.—In the following tables will be found particulars of certificates relating to cases of infectious disease forwarded under Sections 55 and 56 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, and information as to the removal of patients to hospitals, infirmaries, &c.:—
    NAME OF DISEASE.Number of Certificates received.Treated at Home.Removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals.Removed to the London Fever Hospital.Treated at other Hospitals and Infirmaries.Duplicate Certificates received.Diagnosis subsequently found to be incorrect.Net number of Cases.
  • Page 16
    CITY OF LONDON.
    Number of Cases Notified.Total Cases removed to Hospital.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.
    Under 1.1 and under 5 years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 45 years.45 and under 65 years.65 years and upwards.
  • Page 18
    NEW PATIENTS.—The number of persons, including contacts, who were examined for the first time at or in connection with, the Dispensary was 244, divided thus:—
    Diagnosed as Suffering from Tuberculosis.Diagnosed as Not Suffering from Tuberculosis.Undiagnosed.Total Number Examined.
    Still under Observation.Not still under Observation.Insured.Uninsured.
  • Page 18
    Persons diagnosed as suffering from Tuberculosis may be thus classified:—
    Residents.Non-Residents.Totals.
    Working in City.Not working in City.
  • Page 22
    TUBERCULOSIS. PUBLIC HEALTH (TUBERCULOSIS) REGULATIONS, 1912. Summary of Notifications during the period from the 1st January to the 31st December, 1920, in the City of London.
    Age-periodsNotifications on Form A.Notifications on Form B. †Number of Notifications on Form C.
    Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form A.Number of Primary Notifications.*Total Notifications on Form B.Poor Law Institutions.Sanatoria.
    0 to 11 to 55 to 1010 to 1515 to 2020 to 2525 to 3535 to 4545 to 5555 to 6565 and upwardsTotal Primary Notifications.Under 55 to 1010 to 16Total Primary Notifications.
  • Page 24
    RETURN RELATING TO ALL PERSONS WHO WERE TREATED AT THE TREATMENT CENTRE AT 20, GOLDEN LANE, DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1920.
    Syphilis.Soft ChancreGonorrhœa.Conditions other than Venereal.Total.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females.Males.Females
  • Page 26
    Form2—Annual Return from Pathological Laboratories.—All pathological examinations made in the St. Bartholomew's Hospital Laboratory, 20, Golden Lane, during the year ending on the 31st December, 1921, relating to persons residing in the Counties and County Boroughs as set out below:—
    Nature of Test.Number of Tests.
  • Page 29
    CREMATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 36 Years—1885-1920.
    YEAR.Woking.*Manchester.Glasgow.Liverpool.Hull.Darlington.Leicester.Golder's Green.Birmingham.Leeds.City of London.Sheffield.Bradford.W. Norwood.No. of Cremations each year.
  • Page 30
    IMPORTED MEAT FOR THE YEAR 1920.— According to the Board of Trade Returns, the total weights of the various descriptions of frozen and chilled meat imported into the United Kingdom during the past four years, and the values of the 1920 arrivals, were as follows, viz.:—
    From1917.1918.1919.1920.
  • Page 31
    Analysis of Supplies.
    Chilled Beef.Frozen Beef.Frozen Mutton.Frozen Lamb.Fresh-killed
    Beef.Mutton.
    Cwts.Qrs.Carcases.Carcases.Cwts.Cwts.
  • Page 31
    Summary of Supplies of Beef, Mutton and Lamb.
    Home Grown.Fresh-killed.Chilled.Frozen.Total.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 31
    Analysis of Supplies at Smithfield in 1919-1920.
    Source of Supply.Beef and Veal. Tons.Mutton and Lamb. Tons.Pork and Bacon. Tons.Poultry, Game, &c. Tons.Total. Tons.
    1919.1920.1919.1920.1919.1920.1919.1920.1919.1920.
  • Page 33
    SOUTH AMERICAN TONGUES.—The 5 per cent. examination of ox tongues was continued during the year, and resulted as follows:—
    Owners.No. of Tongues Examined.No. of Tongues Seized.Percentage.
  • Page 33
    TUBERCULOUS MEAT SEIZED AT THE CENTRAL MARKETS DURING 1920.
    BEEF.PORK.VEAL.
    Carcases.Qtrs.Pieces.Carcases.Qtrs.Pieces.Carcases.Qtrs.Pieces.
  • Page 34
    COLD STORES.
    Article.Number.How packed.Origin.Cause for destruction.Tonscwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 35
    LEADENHALL MARKET AND CITY SHOPS.— The Leadenhall Market and City Shops have been carefully inspected during the year, and the following table shows the amount and variety of unsound food dealt with:—
    Article.Quantity.Article.Quantity.
  • Page 35
    The following figures show the species:—
    1920.1919.
  • Page 36
    PERCENTAGE OF TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS FOUND.
    Animals Slaughtered.Affected.Whole Carcases Condemned.
  • Page 36
    NUMBER OF CARCASES AND QUARTERS SEIZED AND DESTROYED AT ALDGATE.
    Cause for Destruction.Beef.Mutton.Veal.Goat.Pork.
    Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.Carcases.Quarters.
  • Page 36
    RECORD OF ORGANS SEIZED AT ALDGATE FOR 1920.
    Cause for Destruction.OXEN.SHEEP.
    Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.Heads.Tongues.Lungs.Hearts.Livers.Stomachs.Spleens.Mesenteries.Intestines.Kidneys.
  • Page 36
    Summary of Unsound Food Destroyed.
    Tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 37
    UNSOUND MEAT.— The meat, &c., seized during the year by your Inspectors as unfit for food is classified as under:—
    1920.Diseased.Unsound.Unwholesome.Poultry.Offal.Fish.Total.
    tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.tons.cwts.qrs.lbs.
  • Page 37
    CENTRAL MARKETS, SMITHFIELD. *Table showing the average deliveries at the Central Meat Market, and other details for successive quinquennial periods during the past 47 years:—
    Quinquennium.Annual Average General Supply.Seizures by Inspectors.% of Unsound Meat.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 37
    *The sources of origin of the Central Markets Supplies during the past five years are here expressed in terms per cent. of the total annual deliveries.
    British.† Foreign Killed.American.Australian and New Zealand.
    Country Killed.Town Killed.Home Killed.American Killed.‡
    Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.Per cent.
  • Page 37
    *Some idea of the amount of the work of your Inspectors of Slaughterhouses and Meat may be obtained from the following figures supplied by the Superintendent of the Market:—
    1916.1917.1918.1919.1920.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.
  • Page 38
    The percentages of meat seized under the various headings of the above table during 1920 and for the preceding five years, classed as diseased, unsound and unwholesome, were as follows:—
    Year.Diseased.Unsound.*Unwholesome.
    Per Cent.Per Cent.Per Cent.
  • Page 38
    Table showing Weight of Meat delivered, and Meat delivered to Contractors as unsound, during each Month of the Years 1919 and 1920.
    Month.Meat delivered at the Market, 1919.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1919.Meat delivered at the Market, 1920.Unsound Meat delivered to Contractors, 1920.
    Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 38
    Table showing Weight ofFish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market, and on board boats lying off that place, during each month of the year 1920.
    Month.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tons.cwts.qrs.Per cent.
  • Page 39
    Monthly Deliveries of Fish at London Central Markets, Smithfield, 1920.
    Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 39
    Weight of Fish Delivered, Fish seized as Unsound, and percentage of Fish Condemned to that Delivered, at or near Billingsgate Market during 1920 and the five years 1915-1919.
    year.Weight of Fish Delivered.Total.Weight of Fish Condemned.Ratio of Fish Condemned to that Delivered.
    By Land.By Water.
    Tons.Tons.Tons.Tonscwts.qrs.
  • Page 42
    SUMMARY.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 46 47
    SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACTS, 1875-1907,AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (MILK AND CREAM) REGULATIONS. Articles examined during each Quarter of the year 1920.
    Articles submitted for Analysis.Quarter ending 31st March.Quarter ending 30th June.Quarter ending 30th September.Quarter ending 31st December.Total for 1920.
    No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulterationNo. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.No. of Samples taken.No. Genuine.No. Adulterated.Percentage of adulteration.
  • Page 48
    CITY OF LONDON.—ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION REGARDING SAMPLES NOT REPORTED TO BE GENUINE.
    Name of Article.Identification No. given to the sample in the Quarterly Report.Result of Analysis.If any legal proceedings were instituted under the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If any legal proceedings were instituted under Acts other than the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If no legal proceedings were instituted, state briefly the course adopted in regard to each sample.Information, ifany, as to previous convictions.Remarks on any point of special interest.
  • Page 49
    Continued from previous page...
    Name of Article.Identification No. given to the sample in the Quarterly Report.Result of Analysis.If auy legal pro ceedings wore instituted uuder the Sale of Food & Lirugs Acts, state result, showing fine? and costs separately.If any legal proceedings were instituted uuder Acts other than the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If no legal proceedings were instituted, state briefly the course adopted in regard to each sample.Information, if any, as to previous convictions.Remarks on auy point of special interest.
  • Page 50
    Continued from previous page...
    Name of Article.Identification No. given to the sample in the Quarterly Report.Result of Analysis.If any legal proceedings were instituted under the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state result, showing fines and costs separately.If any legal proceedings were instituted under Acts other t liun the Side of Food <fc Drugs Acts state result, showing fines and costs separately.If no legal proceedings were instituted, state briefly the course adopted in regard to each sample.Information, if any, as to previous convictions. •Remarks on any point of special interest.
  • Page 51
    EAST DISTRICT— Inspector W. H. Ralph.
  • Page 51
    THE FOREGOING ARE SUMMARISED AS UNDER:—
  • Page 51
    REGISTERED LODGING-HOUSES.
  • Page 52
    In addition to the foregoing, there are eleven blocks of Dwellings let out in tenements, but not placed on the Register for the reason that each holding is "self-contained," it having been decided in a Court of Law that in these circumstances they are not subject to the Bye-laws for houses let in lodgings, or occupied by members of more than one family:—
    Name and situation of Artizan6' Block Dwellings.No. of Tenements.No. of Inhabitants.
    One Room.Two Rooms.Three Rooms.Four Rooms.Five Rooms or more.
  • Page 53
    Name of Article.Identification No. given to the sample in the Quarterly Report.Result of Analysis.If any legal prcceodings were instituted under the Sale of Food & Drugs Acts, state resnlt, showing fines and costs separately.If any U*gal procetdings were instituted under Acts other than the S:ilc of Food <& Drugs Acts, state result. showing fines and costs separately.If no legal proceedings were instituted, state briefly the course adopted in regard to each sample.Information, if any, as to previous convictions.Remarks on any point of special interest.
  • Page 54
    TABLE OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS OCCURRING AT THE ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS, STONEY LANE, HOUNDSDITCH, DURING THE YEAR 1920.
    Name op BCock.Births.Mortality from all Causes at subjoined Ages.
    At all ages.Under 1 year.l and under 55 and under 1&15 and under 2525 and under 6565 and up-wards.
    Male.Female.
  • Page 54
    The birth rate in these Dwellings reached a maximum of 46*9 per 1,000 in 1896, and has since been falling, as shown by the following figures:— BIRTH RATE, ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS.
  • Page 54
    RECORD OF ATTENDANCES AT THE BATHS, ARTIZANS' DWELLINGS.
    Month.Sex.Total.
    Males.Females.
    Children.Adults.Children.Adults.
  • Page 55
    he following table gives the details or this work :—
    Number of Certificates issued.Number of articles disinfected.Fees received by the Corporation.
  • Page 55
    NUMBER OF ARTICLES DISINFECTED, BODIES RECEIVED AT THE MORTUARY, AND INQUESTS HELD AT THE CORONER'S COURT IN THE CITY DURING 1920, COMPARED WITH THE PREVIOUS FIVE YEARS.
    Year.Articles of Bedding, &c., disinfected.Bodies received at the MortuaryIuquests held on bodies.Inquests held on Fires.
  • Page 56
    SANITARY INSPECTIONS. The following is a statement of the work of the Sanitary Inspectors in their several Districts during each month of the year:— WEST DISTRICT— Inspector F. J. Robbins.
    Month.Premises inspected.Orders issued.Notices served.Improvemeats effected.
  • Page 56
    MIDDLE DISTRICT— Inspector E. J. Simmons.
  • Page 58
    The number of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces at present Registered is as follows:—
    Premises.Workrooms, &c.
  • Page 58
    The following is a Summary of Inspections of separate workrooms, &c., during the year:—
    Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 59
    The following is a Summary of Inspections of separate workrooms since 1914 :—
    FACTORIES.Workshop Inspectors.Women Inspectors.Totals.
  • Page 60
    SUMMARY OF WORK DONE UNDER THE FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACT, 1901, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH (LONDON) ACT, 1891, &c.
    INSPECTIONS.Men Inspectors.Women Inspactors.
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.East District. Inspector Duuworth.West District. Inspector Robinson.West District. MissEast District. Miss Wilkinson.Totals.
  • Page 61
    Special. Inspector Gathercole.Men Inspectors-Women Inspectors.
    East District. Inspector Dun worth.West District. Inspector Robinson.West District. MissEast District. Miss Wilkinson.Totals.
  • Page 62
    Men Inspectors.Women Inspectors.
    Spocial. Inspector Gatliercole,East District. Inspector Duuwortli.West District. Inspector Jiobinson.West District. MissEast District. Mis-i Wilkinson.Tatals.
  • Page 62
    The following figures show the steady increase in the number of Outworkers notified:—
    Year.Number of Lists received.Outworkers Employed in City.Outworkers Employed outside City.Total number of Outworkers.
  • Page 63
    Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.
    Premises. (1)Number.
    Inspections. (2)Written Notices. (3)Prosecutions. (4)
  • Page 63
    2.—DEFECTS FOUND IN FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES.
    Particulars. (1)Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions (5)
    Found. (2)Remedied. (3)Referred to H.M. Inspector. (4)
  • Page 70
    APPENDIX A—STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 71
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY—continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 72
    STREET LISTS OF MORTALITY -continued.
    STREET OR PLACE.No. of House.Sex.Age.Date of Death.Cause of Death.Remarks.
  • Page 72
    STREET LISTS.—Compiled from Notifications received.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 73
    LIST OF CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE, ko.—continued.
    Street or Place.No. of House.Sex.Age.Disease.Date of Notification.
  • Page 74
    WEST DISTRICT.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Landlord.Tenements.Lodgers.
  • Page 75
    WEST DISTRICT—continued.
  • Page 75
    MIDDLE DISTRICT.
  • Page 75
    EAST DISTRICT.
  • Page 76
    EAST DISTRICT—continued.
    Situation of Premises.Name and Address of Landlord.Tenements.Lodgers.