London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972
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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
Bermondsey 1912
Report on the sanitary condition of the Borough of Bermondsey for the year 1912
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Table F.—Infantile Mortality.
Whole Borough.
London.
Year.
Rotherhithe.
St. Olave.
Bermondsey.
No. of
Deaths.
Rate per
1,000
Births.
No. of
Deaths.
No. of
Deaths.
Rate per
1,000
Births.
No. of
Deaths.
Rate per
1,000
Births.
No. of
Deaths.
Rate per
1,000
Births.
Rate per
1,000
Births.
1902
18,478
139
455
159
174
149
49
153
678
156
428
153
50
176
657
156
16,978
130
1903
179
160
143
1904
477
173
187
173
59
163
723
172
18,600
1905
422
146
164
145
45
170
631
147
16,324
129
1906
408
115
170
156
46
178
624
155
16,307
130
501
125
14,114
116
1907
130
96
335
125
144
22
1908
411
147
151
134
186
610
146
13,943
113
48
1909
396
144
143
134
34
137
573
141
12,582
108
1910
341
128
135
130
26
101
502
127
11,809
103
129
159
167
157
41
166
611
159
14,440
1911
403
408
145
161
147
42
153
611
15,358
Average for
years
1902 to 1911
124
148
1912
290
116
113
106
30
129
433
114
10,056
91
An examination of the infantile mortality table, here set out, affords one of the best examples
obtainable of the connection between it and the summer heat. The reduction in the infantile
mortality for 1912 is almost entirely due to the small amount of summer diarrhoea, and this m turn
is accounted for by the unusually wet and cold summer, in fact it can scarcely be said that we had
any summer at all, with the exception of a couple of weeks at the latter end of July. Heat is very
pleasant for those who have nothing to do and can keep themselves cool, but it is one Oi the greatest
enemies that infants have to contend with.
Table G.
Whooping
Cough.
Enteric
Fever,
Pyrexia.
(Origin
uncertain)
Diphtheria.
Principal
Zymotic
Diseases.
Typhus
Fever.
Small-pox.
Measles.
Scarlet
Fever.
Diarrhœa.
All Causes.
Year.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
No.
No.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
No.
Rate.
Rate.
No.
No.
Rate.
21.2
396
3.06
31
.24
154
1.19
18
.14
29
.22
64
.49
-
12
.09
-
2756
-
1902
-
88
.68
103
.09
.80
18.4
251
1.96
-
-
50
.39
25
.19
18
.14
41
.32
4
.03
11
-
-
1903
2382
189
1.46
3.44
136
1.05
18
.14
17
.13
68
.53
16
.13
-
-
1904
2593
20.1
444
-
-
-
-
.14
1.13
287
2.23
1
59
.45
18
38
.29
9
.07
145
1905
2399
.01
17
.13
-
-
-
-
18.6
.27
50
3.12
94
.73
30
.23
34
.39
4
.03
188
1.46
-
-
-
-
-
-
1906
2529
19.7
400
36
.28
22
52
.41
7
.05
55
.43
18.3
223
1.74
51
.40
.17
-
-
-
1907
2338
-
-
-
26
18
.14
12
113
.87
2444
18.8
300
2.31
105
.81
.20
26
.20
.09
-
-
1908
-
-
-
-
.13
54
1
.00
2
86
.68
368
2.89
196
1.54
17
12
.09
.42
.01
-
-
1909
2387
18.8
-
-
.11
87
17.6
310
2.44
1.12
14
18
.14
44
.34
-
-
4
.03
-
.68
1910
2229
-
143
-
-
.05
226
1.80
.41
48
.38
.05
1911
18.4
352
2.79
51
6
15
.12
-
-
6
-
-
2320
-
-
Average
for years
1902 to
1911
.16
1
.06
-
-
1.0
3
.03
2.60
104
.16
21
.37
8
126
2438
333
19.0
.81
21
.00
48
8
.06
17
.14
36
.29
1
5
.04
-
-
84
.67
-
.00
2119
-
101
.81
1912
16.9
252
1.21
13.6
.00
1799
.40
159
.04
970
-
.03
-
.34
London
1912
4869
1
452
-
117
-
1371
1.1
.10
.22
61100
Table F.—Infantile Mortality.
| Year. | Bermondsey. | Rotherhithe. | St. Olave. | Whole Borough. | London. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Deaths. | Rate per 1,000 Births. | No. of Deaths. | Rate per 1,000 Births. | No. of Deaths. | Rate per 1,000 Births. | No. of Deaths. | Rate per 1,000 Births. | No. of Deaths. | Rate per 1,000 Births. | |
| 1902 | 455 | 159 | 174 | 149 | 49 | 153 | 678 | 156 | 18,478 | 139 |
| 1903 | 428 | 153 | 179 | 160 | 50 | 176 | 657 | 156 | 16,978 | 130 |
| 1904 | 477 | 173 | 187 | 173 | 59 | 163 | 723 | 172 | 18,600 | 143 |
| 1905 | 422 | 146 | 164 | 145 | 45 | 170 | 631 | 147 | 16,324 | 129 |
| 1906 | 408 | 115 | 170 | 156 | 46 | 178 | 624 | 155 | 16,307 | 130 |
| 1907 | 335 | 125 | 144 | 130 | 22 | 96 | 501 | 125 | 14,114 | 116 |
| 1908 | 411 | 147 | 151 | 134 | 48 | 186 | 610 | 146 | 13,943 | 113 |
| 1909 | 396 | 144 | 143 | 134 | 34 | 137 | 573 | 141 | 12,582 | 108 |
| 1910 | 341 | 128 | 135 | 130 | 26 | 101 | 502 | 127 | 11,809 | 103 |
| 1911 | 403 | 159 | 167 | 157 | 41 | 166 | 611 | 159 | 14,440 | 129 |
| Average for years 1902 to 1911 | 408 | 145 | 161 | 147 | 42 | 153 | 611 | 148 | 15,358 | 124 |
| 1912 | 290 | 116 | 113 | 106 | 30 | 129 | 433 | 114 | 10,056 | 91 |
Table G.
| Year. | All Causes. | Principal Zymotic Diseases. | Small-pox. | Measles. | Scarlet Fever. | Diphtheria. | Whooping Cough. | Typhus Fever. | Enteric Fever, | Pyrexia. (Origin uncertain) | Diarrhœa. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | No. | Rate. | |
| 1902 | 2756 | 21.2 | 396 | 3.06 | 31 | .24 | 154 | 1.19 | 18 | .14 | 29 | .22 | 64 | .49 | – | – | 12 | .09 | – | – | 88 | .68 |
| 1903 | 2382 | 18.4 | 251 | 1.96 | – | – | 50 | .39 | 25 | .19 | 18 | .14 | 41 | .32 | 4 | .03 | 11 | .09 | – | – | 103 | .80 |
| 1904 | 2593 | 20.1 | 444 | 3.44 | – | – | 136 | 1.05 | 18 | .14 | 17 | .13 | 68 | .53 | – | – | 16 | .13 | – | – | 189 | 1.46 |
| 1905 | 2399 | 18.6 | 287 | 2.23 | 1 | .01 | 59 | .45 | 17 | .13 | 18 | .14 | 38 | .29 | – | – | 9 | .07 | – | – | 145 | 1.13 |
| 1906 | 2529 | 19.7 | 400 | 3.12 | – | – | 94 | .73 | 30 | .23 | 34 | .27 | 50 | .39 | – | – | 4 | .03 | – | – | 188 | 1.46 |
| 1907 | 2338 | 18.3 | 223 | 1.74 | – | – | 51 | .40 | 36 | .28 | 22 | .17 | 52 | .41 | – | – | 7 | .05 | – | – | 55 | .43 |
| 1908 | 2444 | 18.8 | 300 | 2.31 | – | – | 105 | .81 | 26 | .20 | 26 | .20 | 18 | .14 | – | – | 12 | .09 | – | – | 113 | .87 |
| 1909 | 2387 | 18.8 | 368 | 2.89 | – | – | 196 | 1.54 | 17 | .13 | 12 | .09 | 54 | .42 | 1 | .00 | 2 | .01 | – | – | 86 | .68 |
| 1910 | 2229 | 17.6 | 310 | 2.44 | – | – | 143 | 1.12 | 14 | .11 | 18 | .14 | 44 | .34 | – | – | 4 | .03 | – | – | 87 | .68 |
| 1911 | 2320 | 18.4 | 352 | 2.79 | – | – | 51 | .41 | 6 | .05 | 15 | .12 | 48 | .38 | – | – | 6 | .05 | – | – | 226 | 1.80 |
| Average for years 1902 to 1911 | 2438 | 19.0 | 333 | 2.60 | 3 | .03 | 104 | .81 | 21 | .16 | 21 | .16 | 48 | .37 | 1 | .00 | 8 | .06 | – | – | 126 | 1.0 |
| 1912 | 2119 | 16.9 | 252 | 1.21 | – | – | 101 | .81 | 8 | .06 | 17 | .14 | 36 | .29 | 1 | .00 | 5 | .04 | – | – | 84 | .67 |
| London 1912 | 61100 | 13.6 | 4869 | 1.1 | 1 | .00 | 1799 | .40 | 159 | .04 | 452 | .10 | 970 | .22 | – | – | 117 | .03 | – | – | 1371 | .34 |