London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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Clerkenwell 1870

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Clerkenwell, St. James and St. John]

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19
The number of deaths which occurred in the Workhouse was
107-48 males, 59 females; the numbers for the preceding 10 years
having been 137, 160, 172, 158, 167, 174, 156, 186, 178, and 140.
17 deaths took place in Corporation Buildings; the numbers for the
preceding 3 years having been 14, 26, and 21 respectively.
27 deaths occurred in the House of Correction; the number for
1869 having been 28. I death occurred in the House of Detention.
The accidental deaths were 16 ; the number for 1869 being 25—
8 of them arose from fractures and contusions; 1 from a burn; and
7 from suffocation in infants.
2 deaths of infants arose from murder.
2 deaths arose from suicide, against 9 in the preceding year, viz :—
1 from a wound; and 1 from poison.
91 inquests were held in the year, including the 27 upon deaths
in the House of Correction; being a decrease of 25 from the number
of the preceding year.
The table appended to this Report, contains an enumeration of
the deaths, according to diseases and ages, in further detail.
Hence the deaths from all causes in the year were below the
average, and below the number for the preceding year.
The deaths from all zymofic diseases, as well as those from the
principal of these diseases, have also suffered a diminution.
The deaths from Small Pox have experienced an increase; in fact,
towards the end of the year, the disease began to prevail epidemically,
both in the Metropolis and in this Parish. To this I shall have to
allude in my next Report. I believe that the Vaccination Inspector
does his work well.
The deaths from Scarlet Fever increased somewhat in the year.
The method of preventing the spread and fatality of this disease was
so fully stated in my last Report, that I need not repeat it here.
The deaths from Hooping Cough suffered a considerable reduction.
The deaths from Typhus were fewer than in any of the preceding
10 years.
Slaughter-houses—These were inspected, as usual, prior to
the licensing. They were 36: kept by the same number of butchers.
Last year they were 38 in both respects. They were generally in
good condition.
Cow-houses—These were also visited by the Sanitary Committee
and myself. They were 33, kept by 30 cow-keepers; the cows
being 452. In 1869, the cow-houses were 32, cow-keepers 29, and
the cows 326. The keeping of pigs found in one instance, was ordered
to be discontinued. One Cow-yard, (Jelley's) in Upper Rosoman
Street, a perpetual nuisance, was ordered to be re-paved, and the
dung-pit improved, which was done.

The number and the causes of deaths from the principal zymotic diseases during the last ten years, are exhibited in the following table :

Small Pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Hooping Cough.Diarrhœa.Typhus.In Hospital.Totals.
1861022951077244 +17340
1862176133534270 +9375
18632644136665242 +8376
186477394718746 +9378
1865122757888448 +5316
1S6664259959347 +4342
1867204449357150269
18684581066911245394
1869028116817444343
1870663122197040320