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104
Dead Ends. These dead ends ought to have manholes and
ventilating shafts, and they should also be connected with the
nearest adjacent sewer, by a pipe at least 9-in. in diameter, in
order to assist the ventilation and the circulation of air in the
sewers.
Manholes. It is also not generally known that there are in
the parish nearly 200 manholes without proper manhole covers or
ventilators, but which are covered with a flat iron top, 18-in.
below the surface of road, and the road continued over them.
Whenever these sewers are flushed, it is necessary to excavate the
road in order to get at the manholes.
There are also manholes and ventilators provided at very
irregular distances apart, and many of the sewers are almost entirely
without them.
The superficial area of the openings of the existing ventilators
through which the escaping air passes is 58-ins.
Flushing. There are no special flushing tanks in Fulham.
The flushing is done by filling the manholes from the nearest
water supply, and letting the whole volume of water escape
suddenly into the sewer
Grulleys. All gulleys are supplied with catch-pits, so that
solid matters from the roadways are prevented passing through
them into the sewers. These catch-pits are cleared out periodically.
Ventilators. The ventilators in the roadways (except in the
case of a few recently constructed), have not any arrangement for
preventing the dirt entering the sewers.
CLEANSING AND VENTILATION.
The evils that arise from an imperfect system of sanitation
are too well known for it to be necessary to recapitulate them
here.
The remedies are briefly stated—constant cleansing and
ventilation.
Flushing. The cleansing of sewers is best obtained by means
of Flushing. In the winter this is only done in special instances,
but in the summer two gangs, that is six men, are constantly at
the work. The number of manholes already referred to as being
buried beneath the surface of the roads are a great drawback,
and an unnecessary cause of increasing the expense of this
operation.