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50
The enormous increase in the population of Hackney since
1841 is well shown by the births and deaths, as in 1841-50
the average annual number of births registered was 1,398,
and of deaths 946; in 1851-60 the mean annual number of
births was 2,223, and of deaths 1,391; in 1861-70 the births
were 3,440, and the deaths 2,182; whilst the means for the
ten years 1871-80 were 5,250 births and 2,956 deaths.
In 1880 the births were 6,462 and the deaths 3,321. The
proportion of births to deaths has been, with the exception
of 1875, increasing almost year by year, the average for the
ten years 1871-80 having been 176, against 156 in 1861-71,
159 in 1851-61, and 146 in 1841-51. In 1879 there were
192 and in 1880 194 births to each 100 deaths. The proportion
of births to 1000 population has also increased, having
been 34.7 in the ten years 1871-80, against 33'8, 31'8 and
28.3 in each preceding decennium. A comparison between
the number of deaths under 1 year and the number of births
is equally satisfactory, as for the ten years 1871-80 it was
142, against 143 in 1861-70, and also against 158 for all
London. Considering the enormous increase of our population,
and especially the large number of poor located in the
new houses at Hackney Wick and Clapton Park, this is very
satisfactory evidence of the salubrity of this district. The
death-rate per 1000 population is also reassuring, as in 1880
it was only 18.3, against 19.6 for 1871-80; 20.4 for 1861-70;
19.1 for 1851-61, and 19.2 for 1841-51. The death-rate in
Hackney per 1000 population from the seven chief zymotic
diseases accords with the other statistics, as in 1880 there
were only 2'89 deaths from these maladies, against 3.7 for
all London and 3.24 for all England. The means for the ten
years 1871-80 were 3.40 in Hackney, 3.87 in all London, and
3'33 in all England. In former years the statistics appeared
more favorable, but they were not so accurate as those for the
last ten years, because the deaths from small pox at Highgate
were not included in our death-rate, except in the allowance
for deaths in all the Metropolitan Hospitals.