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This table shows that the population of England, exclusive of
Wales, was 21,495131, of which 10,454,334 were males, and
11,040,797 females; of London 3,254,260 (or more than oneseventh
of the whole), of which 1,523,151 were males, and
1,731,109 were females; of Hackney 124,951 (or a little less
than one twenty-fifth of all London), of which 54,975 were
males, and 69,976 were females. The proportions of females to
males were as follows: in England 1054, in London 1136, and
in Hackney 1273 females to each 1000 males. These differences
do not arise from the birth rates of males to females having varied
in London and Hackney as compared with all England, but
from the great extent to which the imigration of females into
London as domestic servants, dressmakers, and assistants has
occurred. This is shown especially by calculating the proportions
of males to females at the ages of between 15 and 25 years of
age, at which time of life females more especially pursue these
avocations. In all England there were 2,040,058 females of
these ages to 1,924,793 males, in London 341,617 females to
287,043 males, and in Hackney no less than 15,494 females to
10,039 males. The difference in the number of female as compared
with male servants in Hackney accounts to a great extent
for the preponderance of females above 15 years, as there were
7,792 female domestic servants employed in the district to 176
males. The percentages of males to females between 15 and 25
years in England, London, and Hackney are 106, 119, and 154
respectively. The proportions of female domestic servants in
Hackney in comparison with the total population has not varied
very greatly during the 20 years 1851-71, as at the census of
1851 there were 10 female servants to each 151 of the people,
in 1861 there was 10 in each 165, and in 1871 10 in each 144.
These figures show that whilst the first decade was marked by a
reduction in the number of servants as compared with 1851, in
the latter (1861-71) it has been marked by a considerable increase,
and we are therefore justified in assuming that the